WE Why; Wave Electricity Water Hydrogen

Transcription

1 WE Why; Wave Electricity Water Hydrogen Production and application of the energy of the wave s motion I. Table of Contents I. Table of Contents...1 II. Business Concept...1 III. Innovation...1 IV. Reference and Status of the project...2 V. Application in Venice...2 VI. PROPOSAL FOR THE APPLICATION FOR EIP...3 VII. Lightning VIII. Production of Electricity....4 IX. Production of desalinated water X. Production of Hydrogen... 5 XI. Example reduction CO2 in a Plant Standard for Electricity XII. Maintenance and life span of the module... 7 II. Business Concept The project uses the waves of the sea to produce electricity and with this electricity desalinated water, hydrogen low cost, and eliminate the CO2, actually it is used in Venice for lighting, it is equal to solar or wind street lamp. This system does the transformation of the energy potential of the waves into electricity using an electronic system and special generator; the Power could be increased in more steps because groups are modular; the installation may be removed, the off shore system has only a ballast in the depth of the sea, the coastal installation is fixed in a wall. The environmental impact is almost zero why not serve them foundations or trellis, there aren't noises they don't use polluting materials, you see only a simple float. This system is equal solar or wind, there aren t production of CO2, there are only renewable energy, for 1 KWh of electricity the system made 0 gram of CO2; the same for desalinated water for people or industry, hydrogen lowcost for boat, car or industrial plant. You use the waves of the sea and also the waves generate from the motion of the boat to supply your apparatus, all this energy is not completely loss but it could be reuse! III. Innovation Actually systems are very expensive in relation to performance and have a significant environmental impact and little flexibility, and they also require ocean waves to work. Here the system works in the frequency of the waves, it could use waves from 5 10 cm, it transforms potential energy of the waves into electricity using an electronic system and a special generator, the complexity has been moved from external mechanical to generator and electronic, it may also increase the installed power in a second time because it is modular, the environmental impact is minimal, the GIANT is maintenance free, all electric operation is automatic, all material used are completely protected against corrosion. The novelty are the target and size, the existing plants that use the waves have Nominal Powers about 1 MegaWatt, here the Nominal Power starts from 1 kilowatt, the electricity is produced with small waves, very important is that the sample is over size, it means that the same sample that could produce with a Nominal Power about 1 kilowatt if it has waves more strong it could provide for example 2 KW Power Output; the float could have a volume about 1.5 cube meters and the structure has a area about 2.5 square meters; respect actual plants environmental impact is minimal. 1

2 IV. Reference and Status of the project The system win the Energy Globe Award 2013 for Italy. The lightning systems with Nominal Power 50 W are installed in Venice and in the Garda Lake. We are testing the big sample in laboratory. I am supported by Municipality of Venice, Ente per l Energia AGIRE. V. Application in Venice It is an example of our solution for lightning in Venice, in the Giudecca Channel, the installation is where the big boat is tow to San Marco Church, the Power system is about 50 W and it has battery back-up for periods of no waves or tidal extra. Venice _1 Venice _2 2

3 VI. PROPOSAL FOR THE APPLICATION FOR EIP I think they are sufficient for four points to present my proposed industrial, I suggest to use the system in this application: 1) Lightning, alternative solar and wind street lamp. 2) Production of Electricity, start from small plant! 3) Production of desalinated water 4) Production of Hydrogen VII. Application for Lightning There are two problems for solar lampion in marine contest, the corrosion of solar panel and if there is wind, the sailing effect of the surface of the panel. The system is insulated from marine ambient and there is no surface on the top of the lampion, the support is in Inox steel and all part is studied to install in marine ambient. With the standard size if the waves are about 10/20 cm is possible provide a Power about 50W Nominal, normal solar street lights are on 20/25 W, if the waves is about 30 cm the module could provide a Power about 190W, if the motion of the waves is for a long time ( for example 16 hours / day ) it could provide a lamps for 250W because the lamp is On for 8 hours / night; the extra production of energy could be used to supply wi fi point or recharge systems for electric machinery, all things is function of the waves: height, period and duration. The lighting is for 8 hours in the night if you have wave for 8 hour the system works in pair 8 to 8 if you have wave for 16 hour and the system has a battery back up or a connection to the grid you have an extra energy for 8 hours. Physically, the buoy is long 1 meter, large 50 cm and high 50 cm, the installation is wide 80 cm / 1 meter, the minimum height is 1 meter from the surface water, the installation is with two brackets and the lowest at 35 cm from the surface of the sea, it is very simply the installation, there is sufficient a wall or a support. In the table below there are the Height of the waves, the period and the Power Height Wave meter Period wave second Power plant for 16 hour / day wave WATT Reduction of CO2 Kg / year 0, , , , , ,2855 0, ,862 0, ,2269 0, ,433 0,35 3, ,3801 0,4 3, ,6391 0, ,7449 0, ,9775 * The reduction of the Co2 uses the coefficient for Medium Voltage 680,4 gco2/kwh The supply of energy is a function of the duration time of the wave motion, more hours more energy. A very good feature of the system is that it is modular and scalable, the modules could be connected in series to obtain the request Power, it means that we build a costal structure so there is no necessary Power Submarine Cable in the sea and it is very simple reuse the system in a new place of installation. The system may be connect in series or redundancy with solar and /or wind plants also in off shore platform or wind off shore plant. With an optional inverter the system could be connected to the grid to sell the energy or use the energy on the site. 3

4 VIII. Production of Electricity If the motion of the waves is good it is possible install a system to obtain electricity, actually systems have a significant environmental impact, little flexibility and they require ocean waves to work, here the system works in the frequency of the waves, it could use waves from 5 10 cm, it is possible increase the installed power in a second time because it is modular. For this application there are two option, use the electricity in place or sell the electricity, the difference is the inverter. In the table below there are the performance of the solution system, the Height of the waves, the period and the Power, it is function of the speed of the wave like in wind plant the Power is function of the speed of the win! Height wave meter Period peak to peak second Power Generator Watt Production MW / year for 12 hour wave / day Production MW / year for 16 hour wave / day Production MW / year for 20 hour wave / day 0,1 2 97,4 426, , ,02 0, , , ,7 0, , , ,7 0,4 3, , , ,7 0, , , ,7 0, , , ,8 0,7 4, , , ,6 0, , , ,1 0, , , , , , ,4 1, , , ,7 1, ,1 6686,8 8358,5 IX. Production of desalinated water I propose small plant, with Nominal Power from 500 W from 2.5 KW For the Production of water we consider a plant with a coefficient 60 litres / hour with 240 Wh, the medium is 0.25 litres / Watt, it is equal 250litres / hour with 1KWh, all thing is in function of the budget, we choice small plant and little consumption for Green solution. In the table below there are some examples of the Production litres / Watt and litres / hour Nominal Power KW 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 Production water litres / hour ( 250 litri / KW ) Production litres / day 12 h wave Production litres / day 16 h wave Production litres / day 24 h wave Production cubic metres / years for 12 h wave 547, , ,5 Production cubic metres / years for 16 h wave Production cubic metres / years for 24 h wave

5 X. Production of Hydrogen For the Production of Hydrogen there are many date to consider, below there is a solution only to extract an idea, the real plant must be calculated on demand with the option of the customer, we suppose big wave about Height = 1.5 meters and Period = 5 seconds and we must consider a big plant. For example if we reduce the tank for the store or the hydrogen goes immediately in the market we reduce the price of the plant. If we don' t use water but Methane to obtain hydrogen we use less electricity but the plant is more expensive. Now we insert the solution with water. We consider the size of power of 1 MW and 1,25 MW, the wave for 12 hours / day wave and for 16 hours / day, with these sizes the section Electrolyzer ( the part that divide the water and give the hydrogen ) have performance about 4,20 KWh to obtain 1Nm 3 and about a 10 % of the total power of the plant is used to obtain the water ( very little part ) and for the compressor for the tank and for the supply of the all structure; we select a tank for the pressure of 250 bar, and it is about for 5 days of production, if the store is more little we can reduce the price and if we must give to the customer only the output of hydrogen we can cut off this voice. We consider a life of 15 years simply for the plant. The energy content in 1 Nm 3 of Hydrogen is equivalent to 0.34 litres of gasoline, it has the heating value of 120KJ / Kg, the gasoline has the heating value of 42.7 KJ / Kg. In the table below there are some examples of the Production and the equivalent in gasoline. Nominal Power 1 MW 1250 KW Production MWh day 12 h wave / day Production MWh day 16 h wave / day Production MWh year 12 h wave / day Production MWh year 16 h wave / day Power for hydrogen, 90 % of the total Production MWh day 12 h wave / day 10,8 13,5 Power for hydrogen, 90 % of the total Production MWh day 16 h wave / day 14,4 18 Power for hydrogen, 90 % of the total Production MWh year 12 h wave / day ,5 Power for hydrogen, 90 % of the total Production MWh year 16 h wave / day Production hydrogen day with 4,20 KWh / 1Nm 3 for 12 h wave / day in Nm Production hydrogen day with 4,20 KWh / 1Nm 3 for 16 h wave / day in Nm Production hydrogen year with 4,20 KWh / 1Nm 3 for 12 h wave / day in Nm Production hydrogen year with 4,20 KWh / 1Nm 3 for 16 h wave / day in Nm Litres equivalent in gasoline / year (1 Nm 3 of Hydrogen = 0.34 litres gasoline ) for 12h wave / day Litres equivalent in gasoline / year (1 Nm 3 of Hydrogen = 0.34 litres gasoline ) for 16h wave / day , , , ,1 Note, with a fuell cell or with the use of a combined cycle (gas turbine and steam turbine) it is possible obtain with 1.36 Nm 3 of hydrogen approximately 2.2 kwh of electricity, so it is possible accumulate and after put in the grid the extra energy. It is also possible use small electrolyzer for example there are system for 180 litres / hour but this solution is good for isolate plant in combination with fuell cell. 5

6 XI. Example reduction CO2 in a Plant Standard for Electricity For the CO2 reduction elements of the system, we give the values of our Ministry of Ambient and the values calculated from the ETH Zurich, Institut fur Verfahrens und Kaltetechnik (IVUK) Switzerland; the values for extrapolation are of Photovoltaic, Aeolic, Solar Thermal, they are for application, we use the same value with the same application. The coefficient are: For Photovoltaic : For Wind Plant: Low Voltage 766,8 gco 2 /kwh Medium Voltage 680,4 gco 2 /kwh 766 Low Voltage 766,8 gco 2 /kwh Medium Voltage 680,4 gco 2 /kwh 766 For Solar Thermal: in substitution of Technology with Gas : 205 gco 2 /kwh t, in substitution of Technology with light oil 280 gco 2 /kwh t, in substitution of Technology with heavy oil 320 gco 2 /kwh t The reduction for Photovoltaic and Wind Plant are equal, for the Solar Thermal we can consider a substitution of a existent Thermal Plant, we use the medium value 268 gco 2 /kwh t. In the table below there are a tracks for the reduction of CO 2,,we consider small plant. Nominal Power KW 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 Production KWh year 12 h / day Production KWh year 16 h / day Production KWh year 24 h / day FOR LOW VOLTAGE ( 766,8g/KWH ) Reduction Ton CO 2 year 12 h / day 1, , , , ,39646 Reduction Ton CO 2 year 16 h / day 2, , , , ,19528 Reduction Ton CO 2 year 24 h / day 3, , , , ,79292 FOR MEDIUM VOLTAGE ( 680,4g/KWH ) Reduction Ton CO 2 year 12 h / day 1, , , , ,45038 Reduction Ton gco 2 year 16 h / day 1, , , , ,93384 Reduction Ton gco 2 year 24 h / day 2, , , , ,90076 FOR THERMAL ( 268g/KWH ) Reduction Ton CO 2 year 12 h / day 0, , , , ,9346 Reduction Ton gco 2 year 16 h / day 0, , , , ,9128 Reduction Ton gco 2 year 24 h / day 1, , , , ,8692 6

7 XII. Maintenance and life span of the module For the Maintainability, one of the main advantages of the solution is the fact that it is a low maintenance system. The GIANT is maintenance free, all electric operation is automatic, all material used are completely protected against corrosion. The only moving part is the float so the mechanical maintenance is reserved only for bearings, occasionally for the float In addition maintenance of individual generators does not require the shutdown of the entire system. Repairs can be carried out on individual generator basis, independent of system operation. We suppose the production of the generator about 15 years standard ( ordinary maintenance ). For the electronic parts, the inverter has assurance for 5 Years ( of builder ) the life may be 10 to 12 years and the switching has assurance for 2 Years ( of builder ) the life may be 8 to 10 years, they are standard of market, the same model for Solar and Wind plant with the same problems and performances. Note: solar is for 30 years production and wind system is 20 years production. 7