22CE Net Zero Carbon Approaches for New and Existing Buildings

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1 May 24, :30 AM 12:00 PM Matthew Tokarik Building Energy Consultant 22CE Net Zero Carbon Approaches for New and Existing Buildings

2 1 Introduction

3 The Greenhouse Effect Credit: BioNinja, 2018

4 Global Average CO 2 Concentration Credit: climate.nasa.gov, 2018

5 Global Average Temperature Credit: climate.nasa.gov, 2018

6 Global Average Temperature For bonus marks Credit: climate.nasa.gov, 2018

7 Is it really that bad? Credit: CNBC, 2018

8 Manhattan s future? 3 mm Sea rise per year Credit: Rolling Stone, 2016

9 Destructive Events Credit: CRED/OFDA International Disaster Database, 2018

10 Hurricane Katrina $125B USD in damage Credit: History Channel, 2016

11 Building Related Carbon Emissions Credit: Ontario Climate Change Action Plan, 2016

12 How are we addressing the issue? Electric Grid Cleaning

13 How are we addressing the issue? Planning SD DD CD TD Construction Government Policy

14 How are we addressing the issue? Third Party Certification

15 How are we addressing the issue? High Performance New Construction, Retrofit Funding Savings by Design Utility-Based Incentives

16 Where are we heading? Credit: Ontario Climate Change Action Plan, 2016

17 Where are we heading? Credit: City of Toronto Zero Emissions Buildings Framework, 2017

18 Where are we heading? Who has/is involved in a project that has received carbon-related government funding? Who has seen an RFP asking for Net Zero? Who wanted to respond to a Net Zero RFP but couldn t?

19 Where are we heading? Who has/is involved in a project that has received carbon-related government funding? Who has bid on a Net Zero project? Who wanted to respond to a Net Zero RFP but couldn t? to a Net Zero RFP but couldn t?

20 Where are we heading? Who has/is involved in a project that has received carbon-related government funding? Who has seen an RFP asking for Net Zero? Who has seen an RFP asking for Net Zero? to a Net Zero RFP but couldn t?

21 Where are we heading? Credit: Accenture, 2018

22 Key Message Every building we touch, whether new or existing, should be designed and built to achieve carbon neutrality. They will be our building stock in 2050.

23 Discussion Overview Net Zero Definitions CaGBC Zero Carbon Building Standard Break & questions Application for New and Existing Buildings Carbon Neutral Toolkit

24 2 Net Zero Definitions

25 Net Zero Energy US Department of Energy Zero Energy Building An energy efficient building where, on a source energy basis, the actual annual delivered energy is less than or equal to the on-site renewable exported energy. Credit: US DOE NREL, 2018

26 NREL Research Support Facility Golden, CO Credit: Buildipedia, 2010

27 Net Zero Energy ILFI Living Building Challenge One hundred percent of the building s energy needs on a net annual basis must be supplied by on-site renewable energy. No combustion is allowed. Credit: International Living Future Institute, 2018

28 Bullitt Center Seattle, WA Credit: Bullitt Center, 2013

29 Net Zero Carbon CaGBC Zero Carbon Building Standard One that is highly energy-efficient and produces onsite, or procures, carbon-free renewable energy in an amount sufficient to offset the annual carbon emissions associated with operations. Credit: CaGBC, 2017

30 Walkerton Clean Water Centre Walkerton, ON Credit: CaGBC, 2017

31 Net Zero Carbon ILFI Zero Carbon Certification One hundred percent of the project s energy use must be offset by onor off-site renewable energy on a net annual basis. Projects must achieve a high level of energy efficiency as established by the ILFI. No combustion is allowed. Credit: International Living Future Institute, 2018

32 Passive House + Renewables Passive House Plus/Premium A super efficient building that produces a minimum threshold of renewable energy on site, relative to the footprint of the building, on an annual basis. Credit: International Living Future Institute, 2018

33 House of Energy Kaufbeuren, Germany Credit: Passive House Institutue, 2015

34 Which definition is right?

35 Which definition is right? it depends.

36 Example Net Zero Energy or Carbon Area: 9,290 m 2 (100,000 sq. ft.) Energy target: 100 kwh/m 2 (high performance, institutional) Fuel split: 60% electricity, 40% NG Net Zero definition: US DOE (source energy) Annual consumption: 929,000 kwh site 1,915,000 kwh source Credit: Daniel Overbey, 2014

37 9,800m 2 PV array area (100m x 100m) $4.4M PV array cost (1,480 kw system) Credit: Soccer Centers, 2011

38 Example Net Zero Energy or Carbon Area: 9,290 m 2 (100,000 sq. ft.) Energy target: 100 kwh/m 2 (high performance, institutional) Fuel split: 60% electricity, 40% NG Net Zero definition: CaGBC (carbon emissions) Annual consumption: 929,000 kwh site 94,800 kg CO 2 e Ontario emissions factors: Electricity: 0.05 kg CO 2 e/kwh Natural Gas: 0.18 kg CO 2 e/kwh Credit: Daniel Overbey, 2014

39 250m 2 PV array area (15m x 15m) $110k PV array cost (35 kw system) $18k Annual REC cost (0.035 $/kwh premium) Credit: Greentech Media, 2018

40 Net Zero Energy or Carbon Net Zero Energy Net Zero Carbon Emissions free Emissions Free No ongoing REC purchase Works with site constraints No utility bills Upfront capital savings

41 3 CaGBC Zero Carbon Building Standard

42 Zero Carbon Balance Net emissions = (Direct emissions + Indirect emissions + Biogas emissions) (Avoided emission from offsite green power + Avoided emissions from exported green power) Applicants relying on onsite combustion must also provide zero carbon transition plan.

43 Zero Carbon Balance Direct emissions factors Natural Gas Indirect emissions factors Grid Electricity Credit: EnergyStar Portfolio Manager, 2016

44 Zero Carbon Balance Direct emissions factors Natural Gas Indirect emissions factors Grid Electricity Primarily coal Primarily nuclear Primarily hydro Credit: EnergyStar Portfolio Manager, 2016

45 Zero Carbon Balance * RECs (green power only) must be EcoLogo certified, no carbon offsets Credit: Michael Hartzell, 2018

46 Efficiency TEDI Annual heat loss associated with building envelope and ventilation. Not required for existing buildings. EUI Total energy use intensity of all energy consumed on site (heating, cooling, fans, DHW, lighting, plug loads, etc.) must be reported. Peak Demand Worst case electrical load placed on the grid over the course of a year must be reported.

47 Efficiency Energy Use Intensity (EUI) The sum of all site energy consumed, including process energy, divided by the building gross floor area, reported in kwh/m 2 yr. Credit: Daniel Overbey, 2017

48 Efficiency Thermal Energy Demand Intensity (TEDI) The annual heat loss from a building s envelope and ventilation, after accounting for all passive heat gains and losses, divided by the building gross floor area, reported in kwh/m 2 yr.

49 Efficiency Peak Power Demand The highest electrical load requirement on the grid in a year, reflecting any peak-shaving including onsite power generation or energy storage, reported in kw. Credit: igov, 2016

50 Renewable Energy New buildings must product at least 5% predicted total annual energy consumption through onsite renewable energy generation. Potential sources include: photovoltaics (PV), solar thermal, wind turbines.

51 Renewable Energy Applicants must conduct a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) to report embodied carbon of building. Not required for existing buildings. Significant components include: envelope, structure, partitions, electrical and mechanical services.

52 Requirements for New and Existing

53 Break & questions 30 seconds to stand up and stretch! 5 10 minutes for questions

54 4 Application for New and Existing Buildings

55 CaGBC ZCB Pilot Program 16 projects across Canada selected to participate in a two-year pilot Size ranges from 20,000 to 1,300,000 sq. ft Existing buildings and new construction Institutional buildings, offices, multi-unit residential and commercial warehouses included

56 Case Study New and Existing City of Vancouver Fire Hall Vancouver, BC New Building (100% CD) Walkerton Clean Water Centre Walkerton, ON Existing Building (Retrofit Study)

57 Case Study Climate Vancouver Walkerton Credit: Rockwool, 2018

58 Case Study Envelope Fire Hall Average R40 exterior rigid insulation with clips WCWC Average R10 sandwich panel Opaque Envelope Glazing Triple-glazed with Passive House certified aluminum frame Targeting 0.6 ACH 50 Double-glazed with building code aluminum frame Unknown (likely 2-5 ACH 50 ) Air Tightness Credit: the Noun Project, 2018

59 Case Study Electrical Loads Lighting Equipment Fire Hall Full LED with daylighting and occupancy controls Industrial (washing) and IT data loads (about ½ of total load), and office equipment WCWC Full LED with daylighting and occupancy controls Laboratory water testing equipment, and office equipment Credit: the Noun Project, 2018

60 Case Study HVAC Ventilation Fire Hall Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS) with high heat recovery Ground source heat pump with fan coil units WCWC Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS) with moderate heat recovery Ground source heat pump with fan coil units Heating Ground source heat pump with fan coil units Ground source heat pump with fan coil units Cooling Credit: the Noun Project, 2018

61 Case Study Avoided Emissions Onsite Generation Fire Hall Roof covered with PV (except for fire fighter training area) None WCWC Roof and parking lot covered with PV None Renewable Energy Credits Credit: the Noun Project, 2018

62 Case Study Outcomes Decision Drivers Certifications Fire Hall Passive House certification, site net zero energy LEED Gold CaGBC ZCB Pilot Passive House Site Net Zero Energy WCWC Existing condition of systems, reputational risk, life cycle cost LEED Gold CaGBC ZCB Pilot Credit: the Noun Project, 2018

63 Case Study Results Building Name MMM (Enermodal) Offices Kitchener, ON Manitoba Hydro Place Winnipeg, MB Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability UBC Vancouver, BC Walkerton Clean Water Centre Walkerton, ON Bill Fisch Forest Stewardship and Education Centre York Region, ON City of Vancouver Fire Hall Vancouver, BC Rocky Mountain Institute Innovation Center Basalt, CO Bullitt Center Seattle, WA EUI (kwh/m2yr) GHGI (kg/m2)

64 5 Carbon Neutral Toolkit

65 Design Hierarchy Tier 4 Renewable Energy Credit: Lechner, 2015

66 Reduce TEDI - Passive House The 5 Passive House Principles 1. Excellent thermal insulation 2. Thermal bridge free construction 3. High performance glazing 4. Extreme air tightness 5. Heat recovery ventilation Credit: Passive House Institute, 2015

67 Reduce TEDI Low TEDI Guide Credit: Passive House Institute, 2015

68 Reduce TEDI Thermal Bridging Guide

69 Reduce Loads - Lighting Lighting reduction 1. Install LED lighting 2. Install daylight dimming controls 3. Install On/Off occupancy control Credit: Thorlux Lighting, 2018

70 Reduce Loads Equipment Loads Look for these early, they could make or break the project! 1. Data servers or other IT equipment 2. Commercial kitchens (cooking, dishwashing, refrigeration) 3. Pools or spas 4. Programming specific (ex. Automotive) Use Energy Star product database and specify Recover excess waste heat Credit: DAC, Energy Star, 2018

71 Select Low-Emission HVAC Heat Pumps (air source or ground source) Uses electricity to move heat from one source to another at an extremely efficient rate (Ex. GSHP efficiency is % compared to 70-95% efficient natural gas boiler) Emissions factor reduced. Credit: Facility Executive Magazine, 2018

72 Select Low-Emission HVAC Biomass boiler A boiler that burns wood or other renewable fuels, instead of natural gas or oil, to heat water for space conditioning or domestic hot water. System design is the same, but emissions factor is reduced. Credit: JLM Electrical, 2018

73 Select Low-Emission HVAC District Thermal Networks Shifting waste heat from one building, such as a continuous data center load or similar, to neighboring buildings for useful low-temperature heating. Credit: Odnse Data Center, 2018

74 Estimate PV Generation Potential PV Considerations 1. Available roof and site area, relative to shading 2. Annual solar potential using PVWatts or other 3. Roof structural capacity 4. Cost relative to purchasing RECs Credit: US DOE NREL, 2018

75 Compare Costs Capital Cost Nearly net zero Credit: City of Toronto Zero Emissions Buildings Framework, 2017

76 Compare Costs Capital Cost Nearly net zero Credit: City of Toronto Zero Emissions Buildings Framework, 2017

77 Compare Costs Life Cycle Cost Parametric energy modeling tool

78 6 Call to Action

79 Every building we touch, whether new or existing, should be designed and built to achieve carbon neutrality. They will be our building stock in 2050.

80 Architects are Doers Make the decision to take up the fight for carbon neutral on every project you touch. Credit: Westinhouse, 2016

81 Architects are Innovators Invent, create, and discover new paths and combinations to reach carbon neutrality. Credit: Art.com,, 2016

82 Architects are Influencers Convert, empower, and promote carbon neutral to those around you. Credit: Westinhouse, 2016

83 This is not rocket science.

84 Future-Proofing & Market Share Your business Credit: Accenture, 2018

85 Foresight Our 2050 carbon reduction targets will be affected by today s projects

86 Take responsibility. Take action. Credit: In a far away land, 2018

87 Thank you Matthew Tokarik, MASc, EIT, CHPC