Večnamenski vodni zadrževalniki in kakovost vode za namakanje. Multi-purpose water reservoirs and water quality for irrigation

Transcription

1 1 1 Večnamenski vodni zadrževalniki in kakovost vode za namakanje Multi-purpose water reservoirs and water quality for irrigation prof. dr. Marina Pintar UL Biotehniška fakulteta Oddelek za agronomijo LIFE STopCyanoBloom Ljubljana, 1. dec. 2016

2 Water reservoirs world wide single use Irrigation 48 % Hydroenergy 17 % Drinking water supply - 13 % Flood protection 10 % Etc.

3 Water reservoirs in Slovenia River basin management plan Additional measure DDU 19 Regulation of primary and secondary uses in multipurpose water reservoirs

4 Activities in the multipurpose reservoirs Water management Protection against the harmful effects of water Water uptake Water use for drinking water (drinking water supply, which is carried out as a public service and its own drinking water supply) The use of water for technological purposes The use of water for technological purposes for cooling thermal and nuclear power plants Use of water for ski slopes snowmaking The use of water for irrigation of agricultural land Energy production Production of electricity in hydropower plant up to 10 MW Production of electricity in hydropower plant equal to or greater than 10 MW Drive of water mills, sawmills or similar device Use of public water Breeding cyprinids good (m 2 ) Fishing in commercial ponds The use of water public good for the ports operation Other use "Other use", that goes beyond general use Low discharge Releases from reservoirs for the purpose of mitigating the effects of enrichment General use Uses defined in 27 multipurpose water reservoirs in Slovenia pollution downstream (enrichment of water in the dry season) Fisheries, fishing, tourism (including didactic tourism, kayaking), habitat for amphibians (Meljo et all., 2012)

5 Water use water quality? water quality dependent on processes in a water reservoir catchment and in a water reservoir itself multipurpose water reservoirs (multi) requests for water quality Fish breeding Sports and recreation Etc. Drinking water most strict Irrigation - complex

6 Irrigation technologies Flood irrigation (in furrow, in cassette) Does not exist in Slovenija gation_1.jpg Direct contact of irrigation water and plants

7 Irrigation technologies Sprinkler irrigation Direct contact of irrigation water and plants

8 Irrigation technologies Micro sprinkler irrigation Contact of irrigation water and plants is situation dependent

9 Irrigation technologies Drip irrigation Normally, no direct contact of irrigation water and plants/crops

10 What do we irrigate? Edible plants Ornamental plants Lowns ( Underground irrigation

11 Impact of water quality used for irrigation on: Soil Groundwater Irrigation equipment Crop Plant Human/animal

12 Impact of water quality used for irrigation on: Soil - destroys soil structure Groundwater - contamination Irrigation equipment - clogging Crop - outlook Plant toxic to Human/animal - toxic to (i.e. health aspect) Critical properties of water for irrigation The ratio between the sodium and the sum of calcium and magnesium ions (enhanced erosion, decreased water/rain infiltration) The increased conc. of nitrate ion (limit 10 mg N-NO3/l to calculate it in fertilisation balance) The presence of : (1) fine particles, algae - filtration (2) iron and manganese compounds in reduced form - aeration/filtration) High content of bicarbonates (residues on fruits / white spots) 1 The content of the toxic ions to plants: chlorine in increased concentration, heavy metals, 2 Electrical conductivity, salinity 1The content of heavy metals, 2 The presence of pathogenic organisms (irrigation technology, withdrawal period) 3 The presence of cyanobacterial toxins (toxins on and in plants)

13 Hvala za pozornost! Thank you for your attention