PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF OXY HYDROGEN AND ITS USE AS IC ENGINE COMBUSTION ENHANSER: A REVIEW

Transcription

1 International Journal of Technical Innovation in Modern Engineering & Science (IJTIMES) Impact Factor: 5.22 (SJIF-2017), e-issn: Volume 4, Issue 7, July-2018 PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF OXY HYDROGEN AND ITS USE AS IC ENGINE COMBUSTION ENHANSER: A REVIEW Sunil Prashanth Kumar 1 1 Department of Automobile Engineering, New Horizon College of Engineering, sunilbeck@gmail.com Abstract Global utilization of fossil fuels for energy needs is resulting in critical environmental issues throughout the world. Energy, economic and political crises, as well as the health of humans, animals and plant life, are all critical concerns. There is an urgent need of alternative source of fuel for various uses. One such source of alternative fuel is Oxy Hydrogen gas. In this paper a review on production, various use of Oxy Hydrogen as energy source and mainly as supplementary fuel in internal combustion engines is done. A worldwide conversion from fossil fuels to hydrogen would eliminate many of the problems and their consequences. Keywords Fossil fuels, Fuel, Oxy Hydrogen, Internal combustion engine, Energy, Alternate fuel. I. INTRODUCTION Hydrocarbon fuels are the primary source of energy used around the world. These fuels are used for applications such as power generation, heating and transportation. The negative side effects of using hydrocarbon fuels include harmful polluting emissions and increased levels of greenhouse gas. High costs and political instability, due to foreign sources, also are negative side effects. One possible way to reduce consumption and emissions of hydrocarbon fuels is using hydrogen as a fuel supplement. Hydrogen gas can be used for various application and also mainly as a internal combustion engine fuel under controlled conditions. Adding a small amount of hydrogen gas to the air intake of a combustion process can reduce the emissions and fuel consumption. Oxy-hydrogen is a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases, typically in a 2:1 atomic ratio; the same proportion as water. At normal temperature and pressure, oxy-hydrogen can burn when it is between about 4% and 94% hydrogen by volume. II. PRODUCTION OF OXY- HYDROGEN Hydrogen is not a fuel that occurs free in nature like fossil fuel. Primary source of energy like solar, nuclear or hydroelectric is necessary to separate it from original combined state. The following methods are considered suitable for hydrogen production: A. Electrolysis of water Fig 1 : Electrolysis Process IJTIMES-2018@All rights reserved 155

2 In this process, electrical energy is used to break water into H2 and O2. An electrolysis cell consists of two electrodes, commonly flat metal or carbon plates, immersed in an aqueous conducting solution called the electrolyte. A source of DC voltage connected to the electrodes so that an electric current flows through the electrolyte from anode to cathode. As a result, water in the electrolyte solution is decomposed into H2 which is released at the cathode and oxygen at the anode. Since water itself is the poor conductor of electricity an electrolyte like KOH is used increase the electric conduction B. Thermochemical method Fig 2: Thermo chemical method It is one of the easy methods of hydrogen production, a series of complex reactions between primary energy, water and chemicals takes place to produce hydrogen at lower temperatures compared to thermal decomposition method. The chemical used can be recycled. Compounds of iron, iodine, cadmium and lithium are used. C. Photobialysis In this process, action of certain catalyst to produce H2 from water by use of directs sunlight at ambient temperature. The efficiency of this method is very low, compared to other methods. D. Thermal decomposition of water Fig 3: Thermal decomposition of water In this method, heat at high temperature is used to thermally decompose water into H2 and O2. IJTIMES-2018@All rights reserved 156

3 A. Oxy-Hydrogen Welding III. APPLICATION OF OXYHYDROGEN Fig 4: Oxy-hydrogen welding The use of oxy-hydrogen for weldingandcuttingis older than the oxy-acetylene process. Oxygen was probably generated in those days from potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide, or perhaps from potassium and sodiumperoxides and water, and the hydrogen from hydrochloric acid and zinc. The oxy-hydrogen process was developed by Newman who used detonating gas (pure oxygen and hydrogen mixed) at a pressure of about 3 atmospheres. Oxy-hydrogen gas is still used tofor welding platinum, lead, and precious metals. B. Oxy hydrogen Limelight Fig 5: Oxy-hydrogen Limelight Limelight is a type of stage lighting once used in theatresand music halls. An intense illumination is created when an oxyhydrogen flame is directed at a cylinder of quicklime which can be heated to 4662 F (2572C) before melting. The light is produced by a combination of incandescence and Cando luminescence. IV. OXY HYDROGEN AS IC ENGINE FUEL A. Oxy Hydrogen generator used specifically for automotive application: 1. Wet cell: Fig 6 : Wet cell generator IJTIMES-2018@All rights reserved 157

4 A wet cell is an oxyhydrogen generation system in which the electrodes are immersed in the liquid. Andthen the current is passed through. This creates an arc in the electrodes and the water is split into two gasses mainly oxygen and hydrogen. Advantages: Requires very less power. Very efficient for small quantities of gas production. Disadvantages: Runs on higher amps and be much hotter. Less gas production. 2. Dry Cell Fig 7: Dry cell generator A dry cell is an oxy-hydrogen generation system in which the electrodes are fixed and the water is made to pass through the electrodes. Advantages: Runs on lesser amps and much cooler. High gas production. Disadvantages: Weight is more compared to wet cell. Cleaning of electrode should be done frequently. By taking into account all its advantages and disadvantages, and also its feasibility in the internal combustion engine, dry cell B. Overview of Oxy Hydrogen as combustion enhancer Hydrogen fuel enhancement is a term used to describe the supplementation of an internal combustion engine with hydrogen to improve fuel efficiency and power. By mixing fuel with hydrogen, the exhaust emissions of the internal combustion engine can be improved. Hydrogen injection is done by using a modified carburettor.hydrogen is mixed with petrol, or pure hydrogen is injected into the engine. A small amount of hydrogen added to the intake air-fuel charge permits the engine to operate with leaner air-to-fuel mixture. Oxy hydrogen generator can be integrated easily with existing engine systems. The engine thermal efficiency has been increased up to 10% when Oxy hydrogen gas has been introduced into the air/fuel mixture, consequently reducing fuel consumption up to 34%. The concentration of NOx, CO and HC gases has been reduced to almost around 15%. IJTIMES-2018@All rights reserved 158

5 C. Properties of Oxy-Hydrogen Gas Oxy hydrogen gas is odourless, colourless and lighter than air. Oxy hydrogen gas does not follow the fundamental PVT law for gases. Oxy hydrogen gas demonstrates an anomalous adhesion to gases, liquids and solids. IV. CONCLUSION Oxy-hydrogen can be produced easily by electrolysis method. Hydrogen is mixed with fuel or pure hydrogen is injected into the engine. Oxy hydrogen added to the intake air-fuel charge allows the engine to operate with leaner air-tofuel mixture. Overall comparing the properties of Oxy hydrogen and gasoline, it is possible using oxy hydrogen the engine can operate at lean mixtures, obtaining good fuel economy and emissions reductions. The concept of oxy hydrogen as a combustion enhancer for internal combustion engines has a greater interest than pure hydrogen powered engines because it involves less modification to the engines and their fuel system. REFERENCES [1] Aaditya, Abhishek, Hydrogen powered petrol engine (HHO Engine), International Journal of Scienfic & Engineering Research, Vol. 6, Issue 5, May [2] Pranay N. Patel, Hitesh K. Solanki, Experimental investigation of hydrogen port fuel as a part of a supplement on 4-stroke Si engine, International Journal for Scientific Research & Development, Vol. 2, Issue 03, [3] Bhavesh V. Chauhan, Gaurav P. Rathod, An experimental investigation of HHO gas and varying compression ratio on performance charecteristics of constant speed diesel engine, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Vol. 13, Issue 2, April [4] Dr. V.V. Prathibha Bharathi, I. Parameshwara Rao, Improving the efficiency of an I.C engine by using secondary fuel (HHO), International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering & Management, Vol. 1, Issue 4, July [5] Prathyusha, Nacharaiah, Improving the fuel economy and reduction of pollutants from automobiles using HHO gas, International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, Vol. 3, Issue 7, [6] Rasik S. Kuware, Ajay V. Kolhe, Effect of hydroxy (HHO) gas addition on performance and exhaust emissions in spark ignition (Si) engine- A Review, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 5, Issue 10, October [7] D. R Gabhane, S.S Deshmukh, A review on effect of Oxy hydrogen (HHO) gas addition on the performance of internal combustion engines, International Journal for Scientific Research & Development, Vol. 3, Issue 4, [8] Budhesh K. Jambukiya, Krunal B. Patel, Effect of HHO gas on fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency of four stroke ignition engine with variable compression ratio, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Vol. 13, Issue 2, April IJTIMES-2018@All rights reserved 159