Research on Hydrogen Energy Carrier in FREA. Junichi Watanabe

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1 Research on Hydrogen Energy Carrier in FREA <ESSJ 2017, Tokyo> Junichi Watanabe Invited Senior Researcher National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Fukushima Renewable Research Institute, AIST (FREA) 1

2 Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST Mission (based on the government s announcement, July 2011) International R&D base for renewable energy New industry promotion in area affected by the disaster Location Koriyama, Fukushima, 7.8ha History 2012,Dec. started construction 2014,Apr. opened in Koriyama Budget & Staff 10 billion yen for start up (land, buildings, equipment) 2.7 billion yen/y for research, 400 people working. Fukushima prefecture Shinkansen 80min. from Tokyo 2

3 Perspective of FREA 3

4 Research Subjects For high penetration of renewable energy 1. System integration Renewable energy network Hydrogen carrier production / storage / application 2. Further cost down Next generation PV module development Wind power turbine control / monitoring 3. Database development for proper use Geothermal resources Ground-source heat pump system 4

5 Renewable Energy Network System R&D for renewable energies mass introduction MW PV, wind power integration with storage (batteries, hydrogen) ICT network for power generation forecast and system control Test bed for new technology (power electronics etc.), demonstration International standardization 5

6 Smart System Research Facility Grid simulators DC simulators Latest facility for large-scale grid-connection testing and R&D. Advanced inverter, battery system and other distributed energy sources can be tested. Grid simulator: 5MW, 400/6000V, 50-60Hz DC(PV array) simulator: 3.3MW, V Grid Connection Test Lab. Grid connection test DC laboratories simulators Electromagnetic wave anechoic chamber (EMC test lab.) Environmental test laboratory The largest grid connection test laboratories in Japan accommodating a 20-foot-long container are capable to conduct grid connection test up to 3MW with simulation power distribution line. Japan s largest radio wave darkroom is used in electromagnetic compatibility(emc) test of power electronics and ICT devices, which are indispensable for developing smart grid systems. A large-size environmental test lab. can conduct environmental tests such as temperature/humidity cycle tests, assuming its use in such harsh weather conditions as dry, humid and cold areas. 6

7 PV Module Development Thin wafer c-si module production R&D for cost reduction 100 micron crystalline Si wafer, high efficiency, light weight, low cost module 9-company consortium Smart stacked cell R&D Model mass production line for 100 micron Si wafer PV module 7

8 Advanced Wind Turbine Control /monitoring Advanced wind turbine control Application of LIDAR for better control and performance Turbine and sound monitoring and power generation forecast technology LIDAR application Sound monitoring system 8

9 Geothermal Energy Effective and Sustainable Use of Geothermal Energy Visualization technologies by superresolution monitoring Advanced database and modeling of subsurface heat/water flow Engineering creation and control of geothermal resources Ground-Source Heat Pump (GSHP) Application Potential mapping of GSHP systems based on hydro-geological modeling System optimization technologies Potential map of ground-source heat pump system prepared by FREA (Image figure) 9

10 SIP Energy Carrier Project Objective Building a new energy world for contributing to a low-carbon society with hydrogen based on renewable energy, and disseminating the technologies Duration Five years Budget Billion (for FY 2014) Contents: 1. Energy carrier technology of high efficiency and low cost using ammonia and organic hydride 2. The technologies required handling of liquid hydrogen 3. Hydrogen combustion technology such as hydrogen engine technology and the hydrogen gas turbine. 4. Safety assessment of energy carriers and future scenario development Program Director (PD): Shigeru MURAKI (Tokyo Gas. Former Vice Chairman) Production Transport Image of the system to build Storage Utilization Universities, Research institutes Researcher Fuel Fossil fuel, Renewable energy Energy Carrier MEXT Basic Research etc. SIP The conversion to hydrogen SIP Energy Carrier utilization technology Corporations METI SIP Hydrogen The conversion Production,etc to energy carriers Hydrogen SIP Safety standards, Researcher Electricity

11 R&D Themes in Energy Carrier 1. Production of Hydrogen using CSP Technology (a) High-Temperature Solar Thermal Energy Supply System (b) Production of Hydrogen using heat 2. Production and Use of Ammonia as an Energy Carrier (a) De-hydrogenation system for Hydrogen Station using Ammonia as an Energy Carrier (b) Ammonia Fuel Cells (c) Direct combustion of Ammonia in gas turbine and industrial furnace (d) Ammonia production system using distributed energy 3. Production and Use of Organic Hydrides (a) Electrolytic synthesis of Organic Hydrides (b) On-site hydrogen production from Methyl-cyclohexane at Hydrogen Station 4. Use of Liquefied Hydrogen (a) Unloading system for liquefied hydrogen (at ports) (b) Liquefied hydrogen combustion gas turbine and engine 5. Health and Environment Risk Analysis of Energy Carriers 11

12 Natural gas Petroleum Coal Energy Carrier : Development of CO2 free hydrogen value chain Renewable energy Hydrogen production Reforming/ gasification H2 Carbon capture and storage Transport / Storage (Energy carrier) Liquid hydrogen LH2 Organic hydrides (methyl-cyclohexane) MCH Gasification H2 Dehydrogenation Use Fuel cell vehicle Power generation (conceptual) Fuel cell H2 Production by electricity and heat Ammonia NH3 Direct use NH3 direct combustion gas turbine Fuel cell NH3 furnace Hydrogen has a difficulty in transportation, because it is low Btu gaseous form. It is essential to develop viable mass-transportation methods and related technologies (energy carrier) and make hydrogen to be affordable energy source. 12

13 Sustainable Society with Renewable Energy and Hydrogen Power output Time Solar Power Fluctuating Intermittent Total System Technology Wind Renewable Energy Metal Hydride 1wt%-H2 Hydrogen Energy Conversion Water Electrolization Energy Carrier IoT Power input MCH * 6wt%-H2 Ammonia 17wt%-H2 LH2 100wt%-H2 Storage Abundant Safe Water Electrolization Time Local Grid Transportation Long & short Distance *MCH:MethylCycloHexane Hydrogen Metal Hydride 1wt%-H2 Vehicle, Mobility Thermal Power Distributed CHP Hydrogen Utilization Gas Turbine Utilization Engine Thermal Power Distribute CHP Mobility 13

14 Capability as an Energy Storage Energy Density Wh/L 10,000 5,000 2,000 1, Li Ion Battery Ni-H 2 Battery Ni-Cd Battery Lead-acid Battery Chemical Hydride Cyclohexane Methylcyclohexane(MCH) Hybrid tank Energy Density Decaline LH2 1wt% 3wt% Metal 水素吸蔵合金 hydride Wh/kg Ammonia NEDO Target (2030) DME DOE Target 液体水素 70MPaCompressed H 2 35MPa (Carbon Fiber) ,000 2,000 5,000 14

15 PV-Electrolyzer System Hetero-junction type PV 72 PV modules connected in parallel 20.8 kwp (at 25 C, 1000 W/m 2 ), Direct Coupling Electrolyzer 30 cells. Electrode are 250 cm2 Hydrogen pressure 0~0.95MPaG Temperature ~80 degree C Current rated value 400A 15

16 Hydrogen Storage Using Metal Hydride Hydrogen Storage Metal hydride tank 55~70 kg MH Capacity 20L H 2 : ~8 Nm

17 Hydrogen Energy System for BEMS Control room ELY MH FC BA PV10kW 2 BEMS : Building Energy Management System ELY : Electrolyzer 5Nm 3 /h MH : Metal hydride hydrogen storage 40Nm 3 more FC : PEM Fuel Cell 3.5kW more BA: Li Battery 10kW,10kWh more Collaborative research with Shimizu Corporation

18 100MPa High Pressure Hydrogen Experimental Facility. Hydrogen tank <94MPa 200 L Samteck Metal hydride reactor 100MPa, 200 1L Hydrogen compressor 2stage Haskel MPa (96 NL/min) To investigate Hydrogen absorption and desorption properties of Metal hydride at high pressure condition (>80MPa). To develop Metal hydride compressor. We can make high pressure Hydrogen gas and we can use CO2 free Hydrogen for other Hydrogen researches and demonstrations ( NH3 plant, Hydrogen station etc.) 18

19 Using Hydrogen Generated from MCH in Internal Combustion Engine Hydrogenation/ Dehydrogenation ΔH= 205 kj/mol + 3H2 Required energy and thermal energy [kj/mol] Toluene Vaporization, and Heating Thermal energy of Hydrogen Dehydrogenation (Endothermic reaction) MCH Toluene for reuse KEY TECHNOLOGIES Multi-fuel Combustion Heat Recovery Dehydrogenation Catalyst Heat-Shield Material 19

20 Unified Demonstration System of Hydrogen Carrier Production/ Utilization H2 O2 Alkaline water electrolyzer Toluene & MCH tanks (underground) Advanced co-generation engine (H 2 -Diesel Dual Fuel) Specifications Storing abundant renewable energy (30 MWh) as hydrogen carrier Supplying power and heat efficiently by using H 2 from renewable energy Hydrogen production: 34Nm 3 /h Hydrogenation (MCH production): 70L/h Storage MCH: 20kL(equivalent energy:30mwh) H2-diesel dual fuel engine:power 60kW Heat 35kW 20

21 Production and Storage of Hydrogen Energy Carrier & Direct Utilization : Ammonia (NH3) Power generation Power Electrolyze - + Battery Stability of Fluctuation (short-period) H2 H2 H2 H2Hydrogen (H2) Imported H2 available アンモニア合成 Ammonia N2 (NH3) N2 N2 Direct utilization Power Stability of Ammonia Fluctuation Gas turbine (long-period) Engine Fuel cell etc. Heat Energy Demand Import from overseas Copyright National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST). All rights reserved. 21

22 Ammonia Synthesis Process from CO 2 -Free Hydrogen Objective Development of ammonia synthesis process from CO 2 - free hydrogen instead of fossil fuel derived hydrogen H Fossil Fuels 2 N 2 Target Air NH 3 production from CO 2 -free hydrogen: 500 ton/day (as fuel) corresponding to CO 2 reduction of about 260 kton/y Wind PV CSP Electricity Water Hydrogen Production Natural Gas H 2 Water Electrolysis N 2 from Air Heat NH 3 H 2 Ammonia Synthesis Vehicles Power Generation (NH 3 Gas Turbine) Fuel Cell Research Development of NH 3 synthesis catalysts having high activity at low temperature. Process optimization against H 2 fluctuation due to fluctuated renewable energy. Demonstration of NH 3 synthesis catalysts and process. 22

23 R&D of Gas Turbine Firing Ammonia in AIST Phase I : NH3-Keosene Combustion FY Temporally NH3 gas supply facility Phase II : NH3 Combustion CH4-NH3 Combustion FY 2015 NH3 gas supply facility for 1ton cylinder Phase III : Combustor Test Rig CFD FY Start of combustion test by Combustor Test Rig (Press release on September 18, 2014) 21kW power generation was achieved with about 30% decrease of kerosene by supplying ammonia gas. Ammonia gas supply to the NOx removal equipment can decrease NOx emission very well. (Press release on September 18, 2014) 41.8kW power generation firing ammonia gas was achieved. Goal : CO2 free Power Station 41.8kW power generation co-firing of methane and ammonia gas was achieved. Goal : NH3 cofiring at Power Station firing natural gas Copyright National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST). All rights reserved. Development of low NOx combustor by cooperation with Tohoku university This work was supported by Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (CSTI), Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP), energy carrier (Funding agency: JST).

24 Summary Japanese government has established a new research institute for renewable energy. FREA will contribute to reconstruction from the Great East Japan earthquake through R&D of the state-of-the-art technologies for our sustainable society. Hydrogen energy carrier is important for abundant/safe storage and efficient utilization of renewable energy because it is essentially unstable and unpredictable energy source. On-going hydrogen energy carrier projects are focusing on organic chemical hydride and ammonia. FREA is a research base for academia and industry to demonstrate an integrated technologies relating to renewable energy. We welcome people from all over the world to come FREA for collaboration toward joint research.

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