QUITO S CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY: PLANS AND ACTIONS TO ADAPT. RESILIENT CITIES st. World Congress on Cities and Adaptation to Climate

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1 RESILIENT CITIES st. World Congress on Cities and Adaptation to Climate Change Bonn, Germany, May 2010 QUITO S CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY: PLANS AND ACTIONS TO ADAPT IN THE WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR Othon Zevallos Moreno GENERAL MANAGER OF THE PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY COMPANY OFQUITO ozevallo@emaapq.gov.ec

2 INITIAL INFORMATION BECAUSE OF LOCATION QUITO HAS STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES TO COPE WITH CC THE WATERSHED WERE IT IS LOCATED HAS LIMITED WATER AVAILABILITY AND A STRONG COMPETENCE FOR THIS RESOURCE (MAINLY FOR IRRIGATION) BECAUSE OF INCREASE OF POPULATION, THE DEMAND OF FLOWER INDUSTRY AND OTHERS, IT IS NECESSARY TO BRING WATER FROM NEIGHBOR WATERSHEDS THE LAST DRY SEASON (JULY 2009-MARCH 2010) HAD A RETURN PERIOD BETWEEN 20 AND 50 YEARS OF RECURRENCE QUITO HAS A GOOD WATER AND SEWAGE SERVICES COVERAGE

3 SERVICES AT THE PRESENT Water Supply: 98 % Urban; 90 % Rural Sewage: 97 % Urban; 76% Rural

4 KEY CLIMATE CHANGE-RELATED RISKS WATER SHORTAGE RISK AND DROUGHT ACROSS TIME Reduction of precipitation Reduction of water stream flows Water sources from longer distances More expensive water supply projects NATURAL DISASTERS ASSOCIATED TO HIDROMETEOROLOGICAL VARIABILITY AND EXCESS OF PRECIPITATION Urban Floods Landslides in the mountainside slopes Mud and debris flows coming throughh streams Increasing runoff and erosion Pluvial drainage pipe failure Higher Risk of the infrastructure t Higher cost to reduce risks and bigger pluvial drainage pipes

5 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Water for Quito comes each time from longer distances Year System* Discharge (l/seg) Distance (km) 1957 El Placer Pita Papallacta bombeo 1998 Mica Quito Sur 2001 Papallacta Ramal Norte Future Ríos Orientales *Main Systems complemented by many small ones.

6 WATER EXCESS QUITODISASTERS STATISTICS: For period : 163 Urban Floods 70 Mud and Debris Flows 114 Landslides 36 Sinks or subsidences 92 of them occurred in ravines near colonial downtown.

7 STRATEGIES AND ACTIONS ON ADAPTATION TO CC Area Adaptation Strategy Situation 1. Vulnerability reduction and planned adaptation Research in glaciers and paramos Water and Sanitation Master Plan Waste water control Plan and Residual Treatment Plant Mountainside management Program Urban Runoff management Program Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Ongoing Next 2. Use of Technology and Unaccounted or water losses reduction Program Ongoing g good environmental (inside or Water Supply Company responsibility) practices Water use reduction Program (inside home - citizen behavior) Water Protection Financial Fund - FONAG Ongoing Ongoing Watershed conservation and management Program Eco-neighborhoods. Domestic or wastewater separation in homes Starting Next

8 RESEARCH ON GLACIERS AND PARAMOS Since 1994, The Water Supply Company is working together with IRD France studies on glacier retreat in Antisana Volcano Retreat of Antisana glacier between 1956 and 2007 is of 38,5 %. Water supply coming from glaciers is about 5% of totalt of water supply for Quito. Paramo ecosystems corresponding Paramo ecosystems corresponding to the 3 main watersheds are the largest suppliers

9 THE PARAMOS AND THE ROLE OF WATER SUPPLIERS TO QUITO Paramos are delicate, high altitude Andean ecosystems They are water producers through humidity condensation and water accumulation Supply more than 92% of surface water Some areas are highly depredated because of agriculture and grazing for bovine livestock Paramos are highly sensitive to CC because of the increase of temperature, radiation, evapotranspiration, an d drought Threats could transform paramos into high altitude deserts

10 2009: Quito Water Company together with the Ministry of Environment is working in the project for Regional Adaptation to Climate Change (PRAA) REGIONAL ADAPTATION TO CC PROJECT (PRAA/MAE/WB/CAN) Purpose: develop and implement a management plan in the Watershed of Pita River which supplies 30% of water for Quito

11 WATER AND SANITATION MASTER PLAN Objective: to define medium and long terms strategies and actions to guarantee water and sanitation services It estimates that population to 2040 will increase from 2.5 to 4.0 in the Metropolitan District i t of Quito The mean water demand will increase from the present 7.2 to 10.3 m 3 /s The demand increase and effects of the last dry period suggest the need to build the first phase of the new Rios Orientales Project Need to invest US$ 170 and 190 million for the new water and sewage and pluvial systems

12 PICHINCHA SLOPE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM OBJECTIVE: Reduce the risk of occurrence of disasters associated to hydrometheorological events, through the construction of civil hydraulic works and trough an integral management of these natural areas, resettlement of families in high risk situation, environmental restoration, etc. RESULTS: Since 1995, a 3-phase program has been supported by IDB financial operations The first two phases intervened the north and central slopes of the City (aprox. USD 40 million) These areas are now well-protected and have not suffered any new disasters.

13 PICHINCHA SLOPE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM THIRD PHASE (Southern Slopes of the city) USD 40 million to protect 15 high slope streams, and an area of aprox. 4,000 Ha

14 Programg started in The objective is to reduce at least 10% losses in rural areas and 5% the unaccounted water in the city trough: Change of 42,000 water micro meters Installation of 53 water macro meters WATER CONTROL AND LOSS REDUCTION PROGRAM Modeling of the water distribution network Sectorization and pressure reduction of the water network Automation of the network operation (Scada system) UNACCOUNTED WATER INDEX 60 Ciudad 56,88 Parroquias 50 DMQ ,69 31,37 42,09 31,80 27,

15 WATER USE REDUCTION PROGRAM Programg started in The objective is to reduce at least 15% the average domestic water use in Quito trough: Knowledge of pattern of domestic use of water Educational communication Campaign Pressure network reduction program Water rate cost adjustment and subsidy allocation MEAN CONSUMPTION EVOLUTION 37,6 DMQ m3/cuenta (todo uso) 30 31,6 DMQ 26 m3/cuenta doméstica

16 WATER PROTECTION FINANCIAL FUND - FONAG Private fund operating since year 2000 created with the 2% of the water bill of each customer. It has the cooperation of IUCN, IDB, Tinker Foundation The fund currently has near USD 6.6 million, which are used to protect the main watersheds that supply water to Quito through: Reforestation of 1,300 Ha Educational program water guardians of 6,000 children Surveillance and monitoring of protected areas. Training watershed conservation program with the support of the German Government throughh InWent.

17 WATERSHED CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM Buying land in the main watershed in order to become public or state-owned The priority is the Pita River watershed which supplies the 30% of water to Quito. Natural protected area of La Mica (Antisana Volcano) is being expropriated by the Ministry of Environment of Ecuador. Hacienda Antisana Hacienda Mudadero

18 a. Management of surface runoff Program: FUTURE PROJECTS Active Management of the sewage system and discharge transfer. Promote infiltration and reduction of surface runoff (artificial depressions). Motivate gardens, green roofs/areas and no waterproofing in new urban constructions ti (when possible and needed). b. Eco-neighborhoods The Mayor s office is working on a project to promote the building of ECO- NEIGHBORHOODS. These projects will include new concepts about efficient management of the water, energy and solid waste.

19 INSIGHTS The population growth and the climate change effects are huge challenges to Quito and especially for its Public Water Supply Company. What after 2040? Next phases of the new Rios Orientales Project More distant transfers and expensive pumping from the Amazon watershed Using the rainwater 3R concept: o Reduce the water consumption p through efficient use and public awareness. o Reuse and recycling of wastewater.

20 Thank you