Solid State Lighting: Current Niches and Long-Term Opportunities

Transcription

1 Solid State Lighting: Current Niches and Long-Term Opportunities James R. Brodrick, Ph.D. US Department of Energy March 15, Market Transformation Symposium Washington, DC 1

2 Table of Contents 1 Setting the Context 2 Current Niche Applications for LEDs 3 White Light LED Status 4 Future Applications and Timing 2

3 Mission Statements Office Office of of Energy Energy Efficiency Efficiency and and Renewable Renewable Energy Energy The The EERE EERE mission mission is is to to strengthen strengthen America's America's energy energy security, security, environmental environmental quality, quality, and and economic economic vitality vitality in in public-private public-private partnerships partnerships that: that: enhance enhance energy energy efficiency efficiency and and productivity; productivity; bring bring clean, clean, reliable reliable and and affordable affordable energy energy technologies technologies to to the the marketplace; marketplace; and and make make a difference difference in in the the everyday everyday lives lives of of Americans Americans by by enhancing enhancing their their energy energy choices choices and and their their quality quality of oflife. Solid-State Solid-State Lighting Lighting Program Program Mission Mission Guided Guided by by a government-industry government-industry partnership, partnership, the the mission mission is is to to create create a new new market market for for high-efficiency, high-efficiency, general general illumination illumination products products through through the the advancement advancement of of semiconductor semiconductor technologies, technologies, to to save save energy energy and and enhance enhance the the quality quality of of the the lighted lighted environment. environment. 3

4 U.S. Buildings Energy End-Use Breakdown, 2001 Site Electricity Consumption Total Primary Energy (all fuels) Electronics 9% Ventilation 4% Appliances 7% Refrigeration 11% Space Cooling 17% Computers 3% Space Heating 10% Water Heating 9% Lighting 30% Ventilation 3% Appliances 7% Electronics 6% Refrigeration 8% Space Cooling 12% Water Heating 14% Computers 2% 2390 TWh 37.6 quads Space Heating 27% Lighting 21% 4 Source: Building Technology Program Core Databook, August

5 Table of Contents 1 Setting the Context 2 Current Niche Applications for LEDs 3 White Light LED Status 4 Future Applications and Timing 5

6 Current and Potential Electricity Savings from LEDs in Niche Applications Electricity Savings (TWh/yr) Electricity Saved, 2002 Electricity Savings Potential 0.00 Automobile Lights Truck and Bus Lights Traffic Signals Exit Signs Holiday Lights Commercial Advertising Signs Source: Energy Savings Estimates of Light Emitting Diodes in Niche Lighting Applications, Navigant Consulting, November 2003; 6

7 Solid State Lighting Today LEDs are commercially active in a limited market and limited range of applications (not general illumination) LEDs are cost-effective in colored-light applications Exit signs, traffic signals, advertising signage, airport taxiway lights 4 states (CA, CT, MD, NJ) mandate LED exit signs and traffic signals Legislation pending in ~10 other states LEDs are starting to compete in white-light applications Airplane reading lights, directional / task lighting High-brightness LEDs represented ~$3.7 billion in 2004 Top applications: commercial electric signs (58%), automotive (13%) OLEDs focus on display applications and not general illumination 7

8 Table of Contents 1 Setting the Context 2 Current Niche Applications for LEDs 3 White Light LED Status 4 Future Applications and Timing 8

9 Efficiency and Cost of White-Light Sources Source efficacy (2005) Incandescent (75W) Fluorescent (T8) HID (Metal Halide) SSL (White LED) ~13 lm/w ~83 lm/w ~100 lm/w ~50 lm/w Normalized retail lamp price (2005) Incandescent (75W) ~0.60 $/klm Fluorescent (T8) ~0.73 $/klm HID (Metal Halide) ~1.27 $/klm SSL (White LED) ~ $/klm *manufacturer data Research is is improving SSL efficacy while decreasing price 9

10 White LEDs Advancing Quickly Cree recently announced 60 lumen white Produced the most efficacious white-light LED laboratory device at 74 lumens per watt in 2003 Lumileds to introduce 65 lumen white products mid-2005 On par with some fluorescent lighting systems and more than four times more efficient than incandescent sources 10

11 White-Light SSL Challenges Lifetime lumen maintenance; heat management Efficacy improving rapidly Color Quality high CCTs Luminous Flux Cost Need testing/reporting standards Ready or Not 11

12 Table of Contents 1 Setting the Context 2 Current Niche Applications for LEDs 3 White Light LED Status 4 General Illumination Applications 12

13 Accelerated R&D for White Light SSL Efficacy (lumens per watt) T-12 fluorescent T-12 ES T-8 lamp Mono LED Metal Halide Mono OLED DOE SSL R&D Activities White Light SSL Laboratory White Light SSL Commercial SSL Laboratory and Commercial Curves, revised September

14 Initial White Light Applications Downlights, focused light applications Task lights, desk lights Undercabinet Display cases, including refrigerated Elevators vibration resistance, long life Architectural durability 14

15 Current Products on the Market MR16 replacements, desk lamps, outdoor Marketed as "energy-efficient" High prices Low light output Caveat emptor! Reality check-list: Verify lumens per watt Calculate $ per kilo-lumens Assess need for special LED features (durability, etc.) Check color quality Get a sample 15

16 1800 Importance of Strategic Timing Hypothetical LED Installation kwh Savings (cumulative) Delay introduction to 2008, 50 LPW Early introduction 2005, 20 LPW Note: SSL replacing 14 LPW halogen sockets generating 1000 lumens for 3 hours per day. Replacement in 2005 with 20 lumen per watt white-light LED or delayed to 2008 with 50 lumen per watt. Efficacies held constant over time. 16