Contents. What is PLEXOS? Why use PLEXOS? Who uses PLEXOS? Services. Support. Training. Implementation. Datasets. Customisations.

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2 Contents The PLEXOS Integrated Energy Model What is PLEXOS? Why use PLEXOS? Who uses PLEXOS? Services Support Training Implementation Datasets Customisations PLEXOS Gas Modelling Capabilities Long Term Capacity Expansion Planning Gas Reserve Adequacy Production Planning and Scheduling Optimisation Pipeline and Storage Optimisation Outage Management Peak Demand Management Forecast Prices, Optimise Portfolios and Maximise Profits LNG Trading Electricity and Gas Co-Optimisation

3 p. 2 PLEXOS GAS by Energy Exemplar p. 3 The PLEXOS Integrated Energy Model Services What is PLEXOS? Who uses PLEXOS? PLEXOS is economic software that uses mathematicsbased optimisation techniques for forecasting. PLEXOS is easy to use and offers the latest visualisation features, data handling and distributed computing methods to provide a robust, high-performance simulation system for electric power, water and gas. Why Use PLEXOS? An investment in PLEXOS is a small outlay compared to the enormous benefits that are realised from savings in costs, better ways to maximise profits and from achieving more accurate planning results. PLEXOS integrated software offers something for everyone, making its applications highly useful to a variety of users with diverse needs. PLEXOS is not a Black Box and is highly configurable by the user. It offers cutting edge access to some of the most advanced algorithms and modelling techniques, thus giving the user peace of mind and a real-life simulation experience. PLEXOS integrated software offers something for everyone, making its applications highly useful to a variety of users and needs. Current users include: Departments of Energy and Ministries Market Operators, Regulators and Commissions Electricity Generators, Traders and Retailers Transmission System Operators Power Plant Manufacturers and Construction Companies Gas Producers, Traders and Retailers LNG Operators and Traders Consultants, Analysts and Research Institutions Academics It s more than software it s a VIP gateway to a global community of users in over 40 countries. Expand your network and join the rapidly growing community of PLEXOS users. SUPPORT Providing the best support is our first priority at Energy Exemplar. Our philosophy is to staff well and keep employing ahead of the curve. We currently have numerous PLEXOS experts in various regions and a group of full time developers who are well placed to respond to your needs. All PLEXOS licenses come with free and unlimited support. TRAINING PLEXOS comes with comprehensive help files and a built-in electronic Wiki. However, there is no substitute for taking one of our training courses. Select from a range of generic and customisable training courses which help new users get started or more intermediate and advanced modelers to improve their skills. Group training is also held in each region from time to time. IMPLEMENTATION The best forecasts come from a well calibrated and back-tested model. Energy Exemplar s PLEXOS analysts have a wealth of modelling experience from all over the world and undertake customised implementation projects very regularly. Some examples include dataset builds and back-tests, assistance with modelling configurations for projects, software optimisation for speed and accuracy, software installations, client-server configuration, automation of data entry and customised reports that link directly to simulation outputs. DATASETS Energy Exemplar have close to 30 datasets from all over the world in PLEXOS form and this number is growing as we are always working on a new one! If we don t have a dataset for a certain country, we can get it and we regularly partner with people to build one on request. CUSTOMISATIONS If there is a feature you need which we don t have, you may request it and we will build it as part of a future release at no cost - providing the benefit exists for other users as well. Alternatively, our development team regularly work on exclusive bespoke customisation projects. PLEXOS also comes with the OpenPLEXOS tool, which allows users to make customisable changes to PLEXOS programming.

4 p. 4 PLEXOS GAS by Energy Exemplar Long Term Capacity Expansion Planning p. 5 Long Term Capacity Expansion Planning Optimality without compromising constraints Demand Side Management Capture Operational Constraints Gas Construction Integration PLEXOS LT PLAN Policies and Regulation Fields, Storages, LNG and Pipelines Integration Gas Pipeline Dynamics Assign practically any rule with the constraint, decision variable and conditional classes. Let PLEXOS advanced algorithms PROVIDE CERTAINTY of WHICH GAS ASSETS to optimally invest or retire, WHEN to do it and WHERE. Co-optimise with electricity for more power. Maximum number of units built and retired. Technical and financial life spans. Gas availability, constraints, costs and obligations. Conditional projects. Portfolio interdependencies. Deterministic or stochastic. Complete global LNG integration.

5 Long Term Capacity Expansion Planning p. 6 PLEXOS GAS by Energy Exemplar p. 7 The LT Plan is fully integrated with the other PLEXOS simulation phases to ensure seamless solutions. Users can run the LT Plan either separately or in sequence with any other phase. Once an investment decision is made in the LT Plan, it is automatically passed down to other integrated PLEXOS tools - such as the ST Schedule which emulates a market clearing engine for more detailed analysis. Gas Reserve Adequacy LT Plan Optimal Investment PASA Optimal Reserve Sharing & Maintenance Schedule MT Schedule Resource Allocation ST Schedule Chronological Commitment Who uses PLEXOS LT Plan? Worldwide, an increasing number of regulators, utilities and Independent System Operators use PLEXOS LT Plan for their capacity expansion modelling. Visit the Energy Exemplar website for more information. energyexemplar.com/publications/research-publications/ Gas operators and planners the world over RELY ON PLEXOS for ASSESSING SECURITY and ADEQUACY. Whether it s designing a new policy or navigating an existing regulatory landscape, only a complex tool which emulates LIFE-LIKE DYNAMICS CAN GUIDE YOU ACCURATELY.

6 Gas Reserve Adequacy p. 8 PLEXOS GAS by Energy Exemplar p. 9 The Model BASINS Production Planning and Scheduling Optimisation PIPELINE FIELDS STORAGES GAS MARKETS DEMANDS CONTRACTS ZONES Reserve adequacy studies provide answers to: Vary production costs with tranches. Create dynamic production constraints. Capture costs with fixed and variable charges. Gas production is a complex and expensive exercise. Increasing renewables are adding to the uncertainty and RISK OF WASTEFUL ERRORS from SUB-OPTIMAL DECISIONS. Set long-term reservoir targets. Optimise short-term production. Maximising efficiency by MINIMISING COSTS IS CRUCIAL. Apply HUNDREDS OF INPUT PROPERTIES including physical and contractual obligations to ACCURATELY EMULATE ANY SYSTEM. Model decommissioning and new builds. Optimise security from route diversification.

7 Production Planning and Scheduling Optimisation p. 10 PLEXOS GAS by Energy Exemplar Production Planning and Scheduling Optimisation p. 11 PLEXOS captures changing production costs Field Production Modelling Production Cost ($/GJ) Production costs vary with tranches. Dynamic production constraints. Costs captured with fixed and variable charges Production Volume (TJ) Long-term reservoir targets and short-term production optimisation. Expansion and decommission modelling. Multistep functions can be easily entered to model the production cost as a function of the production volume. Understand risks and manage uncertainty with Monte Carlo or Stochastic Optimisation Gas Contracts Modelling USER-DEFINED EXTERNAL SAMPLES ANY INPUT CAN BE STOCHASTIC PLEXOS GENERATED INTERNAL SAMPLES Multi-tier prices Contracted quantity (ACQ, MDQ, MHQ) Take or pay requirements Price escalation and review clauses Network access charges Randomly sample pipeline forced outages with Monte Carlo or compute single optimal production plans with Stochastic Optimisation. It s not just about the here and now. Minimising future expected costs given uncertainties is paramount. Take things to the next level by optimising LNG trains from PLEXOS v7.5 onwards.

8 p. 12 PLEXOS GAS by Energy Exemplar Pipeline and Storage Optimisation p. 13 Pipeline and Storage Optimisation Gas Pipeline Modelling Forced outages and maintenance. Line packing. Flow constraints. Route-specific gas allocation. Fixed and variable charges. Expansion and decommissioning. Gas Storage Modelling Injection and withdrawal charges & limits. End volume targets. Ramping constraints. Energy usage and loss rates. Expansion and decommissioning modelling. Valuing pipelines and storages are one thing. KNOWING WHAT TO DO with them is another. Gas Storage Planning for Seasonal Peak Shaving Costs like storage OPEX, injection and withdrawal charges and pipeline flow charges may be known but the cost of MAKING SUB-OPTIMAL DECISIONS IS NOT! Whether it s managing line packing to avoid park and loan charges, or planning the end volumes in your storage given a rapidly changing world, these COMPLEX PROBLEMS CAN ONLY BE SOLVED with a POWERFUL mixed-integer PROGRAM STORAGE FILLS UP FOR PEAK DEMAND STORAGE DEPLETES STORAGE LEVEL RISES FOR NEXT PEAK /15 02/15 03/15 04/15 05/15 06/15 07/15 08/15 09/15 10/15 11/15 Storage End Volume VIC Demand

9 p. 14 PLEXOS GAS by Energy Exemplar Outage Management p. 15 Outage Management STEP ONE CHOOSE ASSET Gas Pipeline Gas Storage Gas Field STEP TWO YOUR SETTINGS SET PLANNED MAINTENANCE PASA OR Cost OR User Defined SET FORCED OUTAGE ASSUMPTIONS Convergent & Normal Monte Carlo OR Stochastic Optimisation Engage the PLEXOS maintenance class to TIME PLANNED OUTAGES and OPTIMISE DECISIONS around forced outages. Account for EXTERNAL CONSTRAINTS. SET TIME TO REPAIR Uniform Lognormal Exponential Weibull Smallest Extreme Value (SEV) Largest Extreme Value (LEV) Triangular Account for INTERNAL CONSTRAINTS like crew limits. LOOK AHEAD

10 p. 16 PLEXOS GAS by Energy Exemplar Peak Demand Management p. 17 Peak Demand Management PLEXOS integrated output viewer shows field production to meet demand. Peak Demand Management PLEXOS is capable of optimal gas storage planning in anticipation of seasonal peak demand variations. AT PEAK TIMES, THE STAKES ARE HIGHER. Utilities can incur losses running into the tens of millions in a single day from getting it wrong. PLEXOS offers the comfort of ALWAYS BEING ON THE WINNING SIDE by allowing the user to perform rapid short-term sensitivity analysis whilst not violating the need for long term volume preservation in fields and storages.

11 p. 18 PLEXOS GAS by Energy Exemplar Forecast Prices, Optimise Portfolios, Maximise Profits p. 19 Forecast Prices, Optimise Portfolios and Maximise Profits Accurately Forecast Price GAS DEMAND GAS FIELD PRODUCTION COST GAS PROCESSING PLANT CHARGES GAS PRICE FORECAST STORAGE CHARGES GAS PIPELINE FLOW CHARGES LNG CHARGES CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS The main utilities and gas operators across the US, EU and Australia understand that ACCURATE FORECASTS CAN ONLY BE ACHIEVED with PROPER EMULATION of any system. Life-like emulation is only possible with a POWERFUL TOOL. Use the scenario class to QUICKLY PERFORM WHAT IF SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS. If making the best investment decisions, negotiating the best contract and making the best short-term trading decisions are so important, isn t it just as important to ACHIEVE THE BEST POSSIBLE PRICE FORECAST? COMPARE THE OUTPUTS with the PLEXOS integrated solution viewer.

12 Forecast Prices, Optimise Portfolios, Maximise Profits p. 20 PLEXOS GAS by Energy Exemplar p. 21 Use the market class to instantly switch from cost minimisation to profit maximisation. LNG Trading Model transactions between external forward or spot markets. SELECT GAS PRICE TRACES Stochastic price samples OR Historical Prices OR PLEXOS Forecast INPUT TO PLEXOS PLEXOS ANSWERS: If this is what the price will be, how should I optimise my actions? PLEXOS OUTPUT Profit Maximisation PLEXOS guides you in answering: Should I inject gas? Should I withdraw from storage? Should I sell to the spot market? End-to-end LNG modelling. OPTIMISE shipping, MAXIMISE profits. Should I buy from the spot market? Should I burn in a power station? Should my generator sell surplus gas? and so on.

13 LNG Trading p. 22 PLEXOS GAS by Energy Exemplar p. 23 Optimise LNG Trading Electricity and Gas Co-Optimisation Link international prices. Arbitrage between supply and demand regions. Capture shipping route and distance costs. Model shipping capacity. Capture liquefaction capacity and costs. Model re-gasification dynamics and hub sales. Capture ship docking constraints. Account for trucking logistics. Plug in PLEXOS for Gas and model the FULL CO-OPTIMISED CHAIN from the GAS PRODUCTION BASIN to the ELECTRICITY DELIVERED TO LOAD.

14 Electricity and Gas Co-Optimisation p. 24 Modelling commodities in their isolated systems is a thing of the past. Many of the WORLD S LEADING UTILITIES AND ISOs have discovered that CO-OPTIMISED MODELS deliver BETTER SAVINGS and HIGHER RETURNS to stakeholders. Contact the team at Energy Exemplar to receive case studies showing: Valuation of gas and electric storage options with dual fuel optimisation. Evaluation of gas and electric contingencies and the reliability impacts on the wider system. Least cost opex and capex co-optimisation of gas and electric expansion and retirements. Emergence of gas constraints with generation retirements. Full end to end LNG modelling and co-optimised with electricity.

15 Consider the feather. Evolution has developed it into a specialised and purpose-built object. Yet without knowledge, foresight and direction it simply drifts at the mercy of outside forces. What it lacks is control to make it useful. It s only when we understand its purpose, what influences are at work and what is ultimately possible that it becomes effective......and we can plan to profit from its full potential.

16 Since 1999, our company has been producing the highly advanced PLEXOS software. The original creators continue to own and run this rapidly growing business which is now trusted by over 1000 users in over 40 countries. We house a highly skilled and passionate global support and development team who are ISO 9001 certified. Let Energy Exemplar help you take flight and soar above the rest. energyexemplar.com EE0019