Advanced Technologies for Produced Water Treatment 2014 PERF Spring Meeting

Transcription

1 Advanced Technologies for Produced Water Treatment 2014 PERF Spring Meeting Doha, Qatar April 13-14, 2014

2 Presentation Topics Global Water Sustainability Center Advanced Technologies for Produced Water Treatment Summary Slide 2

3 Global Water Sustainability Centre Mission: Develop innovative solutions for treating and recycling produced water from oil & gas operations Research areas: Produced water treatment Desalination Analytical method development Water Visitor Center: Interactive displays promoting water conservation Slide 3

4 Advanced Water Treatment Technologies Emulsified oils High Salinity Dissolved Organics Trace Metals Field Chemicals Slide 4

5 Advanced Water Treatment Technologies Emulsified oils Traditional physical separation technologies will not do the job!! High Salinity Dissolved Organics Trace Metals Field Chemicals New TOOL BOX with Advanced Water Treatment Technologies Slide 5

6 Advanced Water Treatment Technologies Membrane Filtration Biological Treatment Thermal Processes Chemical Treatment Microfiltration (MF/UF) Nanofiltration (NF) Forward Osmosis (FO) Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) Thermal Evaporators & Crystallizers Membrane Distillation (MD) Advanced Oxidation Processes: UV Ozone Slide 6

7 Advanced Water Treatment Technologies Membrane Filtration Microfiltration (MF/UF) Nanofiltration (NF) Forward Osmosis (FO) Reverse Osmosis (RO) Slide 7

8 Membranes Applications In Water Reuse Conventional Activated Sludge Plant Tertiary Treatment Filtration or MF/UF Wastewater Screen Grit Pretreatment Sludge Reverse Osmosis Purified Water Biomass Reuse Water Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Aeration Slide 8

9 Full-scale Membrane Systems Treating PW Facility Membrane Treatment Effluent End Use Oil field, US, ,000 bbl/d Oil field, US, ,000 bbl/d CBM, US, ,000 bbl/d CBM, AUS, ,000 bbl/d Coagulation + Media Filter + Ion exchange + RO DAF + MF + GAC Clarifier + Media Filter + RO MF + RO Aquifer recharge basin Aquifer recharge basin Irrigation Irrigation Slide 9

10 Ceramic Membranes Advantages: Robust, resistant to strong chemicals Absolute filtration, excellent effluent quality Comprehensive evaluation completed Membrane chemistries and configurations Offerings from 19 vendors compared Applications within PW treatment assessed Published literature reviewed JIP pilot data analysed Slide 10

11 Ceramic Membranes Applications within produced water treatment Oil removal Simultaneous oil & silica removal Polishing filter Full-scale installations: California, 25,000 bpd of PW for OTSG makeup & 20,000 bpd for surface water discharge North Sea, 4,500 bpd gas condensate Slide 11

12 Multi-element Housing Housing top plate Membrane housing 475 m 2 membrane surface area/housing Backwash water storage Monolith membrane Backwash drain Slide 12

13 Forward Osmosis (FO) Membrane separation process driven by osmotic pressure Water is drawn from feed stream by a draw solution of higher osmotic pressure Result: Feed: concentrated Draw solution: diluted Slide 13

14 Commercial FO Application in Unconventionals Emerald Surf Sciences: Green Machine FO process Feed solution: spent drilling waste Draw solution: concentrated saline solution brought to drill site (NaCl or KCl) Draw solution is diluted to the correct salinity with water removed from the drilling waste Diluted draw solution is used for clay stabilization Slide 14

15 Forward Osmosis for Water Reuse in Completion Claim: 80% of drilling waste can be recovered and reused Source: Slide 15

16 QNRF Project: Application of Forward Osmosis to Reduce Produced Water Injection Volumes in Qatari Gas Fields 2 yr. project awarded by Qatar Foundation in 2013 Target PW volume reduction: 50% Membranes from the Singapore Membrane Technology Centre Slide 16

17 Advanced Water Treatment Technologies Membrane Filtration Microfiltration (MF/UF) Nanofiltration (NF) Biological Treatment Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) Forward Osmosis (FO) Reverse Osmosis (RO) Slide 17

18 Advanced Water Treatment Technologies Membrane Filtration Microfiltration (MF/UF) Nanofiltration (NF) Biological Treatment Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) Forward Osmosis (FO) Reverse Osmosis (RO) Slide 1

19 Slide 2 Membrane Bioreactors PW reuse requires removal of both organics and inorganics Biotreatment is the most cost-effective method for organics removal MBRs offer the most robust design for biotreatment MBR followed by RO is ideal for reuse Biotreatment Membrane Filtration Membrane filter MBR at PEMEX 165,000 BPD for water reuse (RO downstream) # Assessing the Biotreatability of Produced Water from a Qatari Gas Field Arnold Janson Slide 2

20 QNRF Project: Assessing the Biotreatability of Produced Water from Qatari Gasfields 2 yr. project awarded by Qatar Foundation in 2012 Optimizing the biotreatability of both summer and winter (with 1.5% kinetic hydrate inhibitor) PW Rigorous testing program with 4 bioreactors in parallel operating at different operating conditions (HRT, SRT and temperatures) Slide 3

21 GWSC s Bench-scale MBR: All permeation by siphon 11 kpa TMP (fixed) >20 months continuous operation 4 parallel bioreactors Slide 4

22 Slide 5 Results 60% COD & TOC present in Qatari gas field produced water can be removed through MBR treatment No significant impact of HRT, SRT or temperature on % COD or % TOC removal was observed For summer PW, even at the lowest HRT of 16 hours, biological activity was feed-limited Minimal UF membrane fouling was observed Polishing of the effluent with an RO produces excellent reuse quality water (2 ppm COD, 56 µs-cm conductivity) # Assessing the Biotreatability of Produced Water from a Qatari Gas Field Arnold Janson Slide 5

23 Advanced Water Treatment Technologies Membrane Filtration Microfiltration (MF/UF) Nanofiltration (NF) Forward Osmosis (FO) Reverse Osmosis (RO) Biological Treatment Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) Thermal Processes Thermal Evaporators & Crystalllizers Membrane Distillation (MD) Slide 6

24 Thermal Treatment Mechanical vapor compression evaporators Full-scale operating systems Limited to niche applications: Oil sands, high purity water for OTSG boilers Produced water with very high TDS (e.g. flowback) In combination with crystallizers to achieve zero liquid discharge Slide 7

25 Membrane Distillation Emerging technology for desalination of high salinity waters Can use low grade heat Distilled water quality Driven by vapor pressure Hydrophobic membrane Slide 8

26 MD Process Configurations Direct Contact (DCMD) Vacuum Multi-effect (V-MEMD) Air Gap (AGMD) Sweep Gas (SGMD) Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC-MD) Slide 9

27 MD Process Configurations Direct Contact (DCMD): Bench-scale Vacuum Multi-effect (V-MEMD): Pilot, Mftr. A Air Gap (AGMD): Pilot, Mftr. B Sweep Gas (SGMD) Mechanical vapor compression (MVC-MD) Slide 10

28 Pilot MD Systems at Local Thermal Desal Plant 6 months treating thermal brine (70g/L) and seawater Effluent; distilled water quality, independent of salinity up to 100 g/l Generally stable flux Pretreatment is required Mftr A : Vacuum Multi-effect Mftr B : Air Gap Slide 11

29 MD Advantages in Treating PWs Lower capital costs: Plastic construction (ambient pressure; temp. <85 C) Can process high salinity feeds (i.e. 100,000 mg/l) Lower operating costs: Low grade waste energy can be used Multi-effect designs maximizes energy efficiency Effluent is distilled water Slide 12

30 Advanced Water Treatment Technologies Membrane Filtration Biological Treatment Thermal Treatment Chemical Treatment Microfiltration (MF/UF) Nanofiltration (NF) Forward Osmosis (FO) Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) Thermal Evaporators & Crystallizers Membrane Distillation (MD) Advanced Oxidation Processes: UV Ozone Slide 13

31 Advanced Oxidation Processes Ozonation experiments at GWSC with PW containing kinetic hydrate inhibitor showed that: 70% KHI oxidized/removed Extent of oxidation was time dependent Test unit: Oxygen flow meter Ozone generator Ozone analyzers (2) Bubble column Ozone destructor Slide 14 6/17

32 Advanced Oxidation Processes Other advanced oxidation processes include: Hydrogen peroxide Ultraviolet light Photocatalysis with TiO 2 Electrochemical oxidation Zero-valent iron Wet air oxidation Slide 15 6/17

33 Summary Both polymeric and ceramic membrane filtration and thermal evaporators are being used in full-scale PW treatment facilities GWSC testing confirmed that MBRs offer excellent potential for cost-effective organics removal upstream of an RO for water reuse Membrane Distillation has potential in the longer term for high TDS PWs; further testing is required For certain niche applications, certain advanced oxidation technologies may prove to be cost-effective Slide 16 17/17

34 Acknowledgements The scientists and engineers of the GWSC The financial support of Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation) for funding under NPRP grants: MBR Research: #[ ] FO Research: #[ ] Slide 17

35 Thank You Slide 18