Current and future perspectives on the energy sector in Ireland Carly Green

Transcription

1 Current and future perspectives on the energy sector in Ireland Carly Green Forest Ecosystem Research Group University College Dublin, Ireland

2 Outline Current Energy Market Indigenous Energy Resources Future options for peatlands in Ireland Renewable Energy in Ireland Irish and European Policy Current and Future use of Biomass for Energy

3 Irish Energy Sector Total energy requirement in 2001 was 14Mtoe Transport 30% Total Primary Energy Requirement by Sector (2001) Residential 26% Total Primary Energy Requirement by Fuel (2001) Natural Gas 21% Industry 24% Commercial 17% Agrcultural 3% Oil 58% Peat 6% Hyro 0.3% Coal 14% Other renewables 1.4% Source: Sustainable Energy Ireland, 2002

4 Indigenous Energy Resources 86% of the total (electricity, heat and transport) energy requirements are imported Imported Fuels (2001) Gas 21% Indigenous Fuels (2001) Renewables 14% Gas 37% Oil 63% Coal 16% Peat 49% Source: Sustainable Energy Ireland, 2002

5 Area and Types of Peat Total Peatland Area Area (ha) % of Total Land Area 1,177,000 18% Raised Bogs 306, % Blanket Bog 776,800 12% Fen 94, %

6 Area and Types of Peat Total Peatland Area Area (ha) % of Total Land Area 1,177,000 18% Raised Bog 306, % Blanket Bog 776,800 12% Fen 94, %

7 How raised bogs are formed 7000BC 500BC 1500BC 500AD 1000BC Source: Irish Peatland Conservation Council

8 Peat Map

9 Peat for Energy Hand cut for domestic heating Small scale mechanical harvesting t/yr

10 Peat Industry Bord na Mona (Turf Board) est Owns 80,000ha (7%) 40,000ha under production 12,000ha in post production Harvests 4 million tonnes annually for electrcity production

11 Modern Fuel Supply Pictures courtesy of Bord na Mona Ditching Harrowing Ridging Harvesting

12 Modern Fuel Supply Pictures courtesy of Bord na Mona Mounding Loading Tippler Generating

13 Life expectancy of resource Harvest removes 10cm per year Estimated years productive life

14 Potential after uses of peatlands Wetlands 42% Afforestation 22% Agriculture 30% Conserved 6% Renewable Energy Options

15 Wetlands Picture courtesy of Charlie Shier, Bord na Mona

16 Wetlands Pictures courtesy of David Wilson, FERG

17 Afforestation Photos courtesy of Florence Renou, FERG

18 Carly Green: Successful No demand Deep ploughing mixing technique Agriculture

19 Renewable Energy Options 21 turbines with capacity 45MW Co.Mayo Trials undertaken in 1980s of broadleaf coppice Naturally regenerated or single stem energy crops

20 Renewables in Ireland 2001 contributed 2% to the TER Proportion by sector of Renewable contribution Wind 8% Biogas 7% (2001) Hydro 21% Biomass 64% Source: Sustainable Energy Ireland, 2002

21 European Policy EU White Paper (1997) By 2010 Ireland must supply 13.2% of national electricity consumption from renewable sources Government believes target is achievable 9-12% contribution by renewables by 2005

22 Irish Policy Green Paper on Sustainable Energy (Dept of Enterprise 1999) Alternative Energy Requirement Programme Target: 500MW increase in electricity generated from renewables ( ) Focus on electricity Upfront payment options for investors

23 Irish Policy Alternative Energy Requirement programme

24 Irish Policy Alternative Energy Requirement programme (AERVI) Addition of Biomass (anaerobic digestion and landfill gas) Biomass CHP plants Off shore wind

25 Irish Policy Alternative Energy Requirement programme (AERVI) Biomass - Landfill gas 8MW - Anaerobic digestion 2MW CHP 28MW

26 Climate Change National Climate Change Strategy Department of Environment and Local Government, 2000 Irelands Kyoto Target is 13% above 1990 emissions Current estimates indicate 37% above 1990 Promotes renewables and foresees them being responsible for reducing 1MtCO 2 eq of the 13MtCO 2 eq required

27 Policy Outcomes SEI Renewable Energy Information Office Renewable Energy RD&D Programme COFORD Funded research Community awareness on wood energy EPA and Department of Communications, Marine and Natural Resources Research on centralised anerobic digestion and short rotation coppice

28 Potential Practical Potential of Bioenergy generation in 2000 Resource Practical Potential in 2000 (MW) Short rotation forestry 2119 Wood Industry Residues 159 Forestry Residues 43 Agricultural Solid Waste 38 Landfill gas 18 Agricultural waste biogas 7 Sewerage sludge biogas 1 Source: Irish Electricity Supply Board, 1997

29 Potential Potentially 50% of the current total electricity generation capacity could be met by biomass. Long term renewables can practically provide 25% of total energy requirement

30 Cost of renewables in Ireland Competitive price 4.79c/kWh (7.9c/kWh) Resource Price (c/kwh) Biomass 7 (11.6) Hydro 7 (11.6) Landfill Gas 6.4 (10.6) Wind 5.5 (9.1) Source: Sustainable Energy Ireland, 2002

31 Bioenergy Projects Irish Forest Cover Map Commercial CHP plant in Co. Cork Wood pellet heating project Co. Laois Trial/Research Co-firing sawmill residue and MBM at Edenderry Power

32 CHP Plant Enniskeane Co. Cork Collaboration between Grainger Saw Mills and SWS, part funded by SEI 8million wood fired CHP plant Produces 2MW surplus green energy supplied to the grid

33 Wood Pellets Commercial heating with wood pellets Co. Laois Sawmills Wood pellet stove distributor and pellet importer

34 Whats Needed Improved access to grid for smaller projects Promotion of bioenergy for heating More demonstration projects Monitored results, technical information and support Develop fuel supply systems Carbon Tax and Carbon Trading by 2004

35 Thank You

36 CONTACTS FERG Director Prof. Edward P. Farrell Peatland Forestry Florence Renou BOGFOR Project Manager Minna Pollanen Wetland Ecosystems David Wilson Bioenergy and Carbon Accounting Dr Kenneth A. Byrne Carly Green Gustavio Saiz