Soiling Monitoring Solution & Field Test Results in MENA Regions

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1 Soiling Monitoring Solution & Field Test Results in MENA Regions Fred Chen The 6 th PV Performance Modeling and Monitoring Workshop Freiburg, Germany 24 th -25 th October 2016

2 Outline Soiling A major issue for PV power plants in MENA region (DDS) Soiling Field Data in Egypt & UAE Summary 2

3 An Utility-Scale PV Power Plant in China MW Solar Farm is often located in very dry and dusty region Energy ($KWh) loss due to soiling can be very significant Cleaning costs (resources) for large area can be expensive When and How often should one clean the solar farm?? 3

4 Cleaning Methods for Utility-Scale Solar Farms Manual Cleaning Semi-Auto Cleaning Robot Cleaning low cleaning speed water resource labor cost higher cleaning speed PV panel scratch? dedicated operator high cleaning speed PV panel scratch? eqpt. maintenance Regardless of Cleaning Methods - Soiling Loss & Cleaning Timing needs to be Determined First!

5 Introduce UKC Soiling Monitoring Solution (DDS) 5

6 DUST DETECTION SYSTEM (DDS) Real-Time Revenue Loss Monitoring * DDS is integrated with weather stations and camera DDS measures the Energy Loss by comparing the output differences of a dusty panel with a clean panel Cleaning Timing Forecast T = 2W r DDS provides an optimized cleaning timing forecast for operators to Maximize the revenue gains for investors DDS in Amman, Jordan * PV modules and tilt angle are the same as the ones used in the solar farm 6

7 DDS Reference Module Cleaning 9

8 DDS Pyranometer Dome Cleaning 10

9 DDS Installed in a Thailand Mega Solar Farm Dusty Module on DDS Cleaning Operation Triggered by DDS DDS One DDS per One Solar Farm 9

10 DDS WEB SERVICES - Real Time Data Access UKC Provides Web Access Data Service/Storage Management 24/7 Data and KPI Viewing through PC & Mobile Devices Plug & Play Design UKC 10

11 DDS - VALUE PROPOSITION DDS can supplement the existing PV power plant SCADA/DAS monitoring software for a complete O&M solution Existing monitoring SW PR, kwh Environment reading Inverter/ transformer Grid malfunction Ideal monitoring SW PR, kwh Environment reading Inverter/ transformer Grid malfunction DDS Add-On Soiling loss Cleaning timing forecast Module degradation Another important topic for O&M 11

12 Module Degradation Analysis by DDS PV Module: c-si, 310Wp Month FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG PR 85.0% 84.1% 84.8% 85.4% 86.0% 85.4% 86.3% Temp Loss 13.6% 13.6% 12.4% 13.0% 11.6% 13.7% 11.4% Cable Loss 2.8% 2.7% 2.8% 2.8% 2.8% 2.7% 2.7% Nominal Power% 101.3% 100.5% 100.0% 101.2% 100.4% 101.9% 100.4% Nominal Power% = PR + Temp Loss +Cable Loss Nominal Power% = Cable Loss Temp Loss PR Outdoor Temp coefficient % Nameplate Temp Coeff. 12

13 DDS-Mini for Commercial or Rooftop PV Plants DDS-Mini is a miniature size of (DDS), which is capable of: Measuring the soiling loss Monitoring the environmental parameters DDS-Mini is suitable for Commercial Scale or Rooftop PV systems with capacity size from a few hundred kw to ~1 MW MPP Isc 13

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15 Soiling Loss Field Data in MENA Aswan, Egypt (2016~) Oct

16 Site Location: Benban, Aswan, Egypt Since end of 2015, UKC & TopGrid has deployed one unit of DDS- Mini in Aswan, Egypt 16

17 DDS-Mini in Aswan, Egypt Installed on 20 th, Dec,

18 Saturation of Soiling Loss Soiling accumulation rate: 0.3% per day within the first month However, the total accumulated loss did not grow linearly Instead, it appears to saturate at a level of 10-11% loss 18

19 3 Months Soiling Behavior (1~3/2016) The soiling gap was found Zig-Zag at around 10~11% Very Cloudy day 19

20 Effect of Wind on Soiling Behavior By comparing the wind speed data, we found the dust level decreased right after a windy period (max. 14 m/s) 3/2 Soiling Gap: 11.2% 3/3 Soiling Gap: 9.5% 20

21 Soiling Level Correlated with Wind Speed A day-to-day chart shows the correlation between the wind speed and the soiling gap When wind speed increased, soiling gap dropped accordingly 21

22 Soiling Behavior (January September 2016) The soiling gap reached 10% in the first month (0.3%/day), then zigzag at around 10~12% until cleaning on April 27 After manual cleaning, the soiling loss rate appeared to be slowing down (0.15%/day) and saturated at around 8% The soiling loss rate is not a constant value Sandstorm on 3/27 did not increase the soiling loss Sandstorm on 3/27 Manual Cleaning 22

23 Soiling Analysis (Soiling vs Humidity) The avg. humidity has been decreased since sensor is installed in March Lower humidity (10%-20%) and strong wind contributed to a slower soiling rate after manual cleaning Humidity(%) Manual cleaning 23

24 Soiling Loss Field Data in MENA Dubai, UAE (2016 Feb~) Oct

25 DDS-Mini Installed in Dubai, UAE 20 th Feb, one DDS-Mini is installed in Dubai (Dubai Investment Park), on a factory rooftop with an existing 200kw PV system 25

26 Day-to-Day Soiling Loss During March - April, raining events washed away the dust on the PV From June to August, the soiling loss increased from 2% to 56% within 3 months Manually Cleaned 26

27 Soiling Loss vs. Humidity Various Soiling Rate were observed (not a constant value); it appears to be fairly correlated to high Humidity, except for the plateau region R.H.: 70% R.H.: 48% 27

28 Dew Formation on DDS-mini Modules (26 th /Sep) Dew formation has been observed in the early morning; it may be the reason for the plateau region However, dew alone cannot wash away the soiling deposited on the module surface

29 Dew Formation Photos (26 th /Sept/2016) 06:30 (R.H.86%) 06:45 (R.H.86%) 07:00 (R.H.85%) 07:15 (R.H.85%) 07:30 (R.H.84%) 07:45 (R.H.82%) 08:00 (R.H.80%) 08:15 (R.H.76%) 08:30 (R.H.71%) 29

30 Summary has developed an innovative soiling monitoring solution DUST DETECTION SYSTEM (DDS) for O&M application of Utility-Scale PV Power Plants Depending on the local environmental conditions (mainly humidity and wind), soiling behaviors in the MENA regions (such as Egypt and UAE) can be quite different A dedicated soiling monitoring equipment such as (DDS) is highly recommended for O&M application throughout the lifetime of Utility-Scale PV Power Plants 30

31 Let DDS Take Care of Your Solar Investment Thank You for Your Attentions! 31