COMPONENT PROJECT ACTIVITIES DESIGN DOCUMENT (VPA-DD)

Transcription

1 CDM Executive Board Page 1 COMPONENT PROJECT ACTIVITY DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM (F-CDM-VPA-DD) Version 02.0 COMPONENT PROJECT ACTIVITIES DESIGN DOCUMENT (VPA-DD) SECTION A. General description of VPA A.1. Title of the proposed or registered PoA Impact Carbon and myclimate Safe Water and Improved Cookstoves Global Programme of Activities A.2. Title of the VPA Impact Carbon and myclimate Safe Water and Improved Cookstoves Global PoA Uganda VPA Version: 2.0 Date of Completion: 18/06/2014 A.3. Description of the VPA The activity implemented under the VPA is the sale and distribution of water purification technologies and efficient cookstoves in the country of Uganda. The implementer of the VPA is Impact Carbon. The technologies implemented under the VPA are further described in section A.5 below. The VPA will reduce GHG emissions by reducing the use of non-renewable biomass or fossil fuel to cook and replacing non-renewable biomass or fossil fuel to boil water to purify water for drinking purposes. Technologies disseminated under the PoA are more efficient than baseline cooking technologies and purify water without the emissions of GHG. Prior to the implementation of the VPA, in the boundary there is limited access to improved cookstoves and clean drinking water. Target populations of the VPA typically use unimproved cooking technologies and purify water through boiling on either fossil fuel or biomass stoves. These practices are energy intensive, create indoor air pollution that is damaging to health, and emit significant GHG. The baseline scenario is further described in section D.4 and the Baseline Study has been provided to the DOE. The baseline scenario is the continuation of current practice. This is identical to the scenario prior to the implementation of the VPA. The VPA Implementer will operate the VPA under the PoA. In this VPA, the VPA implementer is the CME itself. The purpose of the VPA is to achieve widespread distribution and effective use of efficient cooking and low-carbon water purification technologies in low-income rural and urban households as well as institutions. Carbon revenues earned under the VPA will be used to: Invest in the research and development of new and improved efficient technologies; Support the dissemination of efficient cookstove and/or low-carbon water purification technologies in remote areas with poor infrastructure. Consumers who receive technologies under the VPA agree to the terms of the PoA and will cede all rights to any VERs resulting from the PoA and to submit to the monitoring plan of the PoA. The VPA started on 19/12/2013 when the first order for water filtration technologies was placed. The activity is currently operational. Since the start of the VPA the technology roll-out has been and is anticipated as follows:

2 CDM Executive Board Page 2 Table 1 Historic and Projected Appliances in Operation Year * 2015* 2016* 2017* 2018* 2019* Household Water Filtration Technologies ,500 2,500 3,000 5,000 6,000 Institutional Water Filtration Technologies Household Efficient Cookstove Technologies ,200 1,500 *projected Target Group The VPA s target groups are both rural and urban households within the VPA national boundary of Uganda that use unimproved stoves and/or purify water through boiling using non-renewable biomass or fossil fuel. Distribution Method The VPA Implementer will either distribute technologies directly to the target groups (i.e. institutions or households) in Uganda or work with local distributors to sell the technologies directly to the target group. Technology The technology distributed or sold under the VPA are improved cookstoves and low GHG water purification technologies. Each appliance is described in section A.5 below, along with an image and performance metrics. Record Keeping System Upon installation of the technology units, and associated accessories as applicable, the purchaser will be given a Sales Receipt. For units that are not self-installed, a Sales Receipt will be signed upon commissioning. The sales and installation persons shall be responsible for ensuring that all data are complete and accurate within respective documents. Hard copies of both documents will be kept at the office of the CME, and all data entered into a central record keeping database. The record keeping database will also be used to record the results of all monitoring, thereby avoiding double counting, with all data stored to be kept for at least two years after the crediting period or the last issuance of VERs for the project activity. The data will be stored electronically in the database, with original hard copies of all collected monitoring data also kept. VPAs under the PoA follow GS Methodology Technologies and practices to displace decentralized thermal energy consumption Version 1.

3 CDM Executive Board Page 3 The CME, and various local partners work together to disseminate a range of eligible technologies to households and institutions within the VPA boundary. Carbon credit revenue through the sale of VERs, under the guidelines of the GS, is crucial to the sustainability of the programme. The VPA Implementer adheres to the CME management system and provides the CME with information required to include the project activity under the PoA, perform monitoring and verification of the activity, and renew the crediting period. Contribution to Sustainable Development The VPA contributes to sustainable development by increasing accessibility to efficient cookstoves and clean drinking water among the target groups within the VPA boundary. In addition to increasing accessibility, the activity implemented under the VPA will reduce the use of fossil fuels and nonrenewable biomass thereby decreasing GHG emissions within the VPA boundary and reducing end user fuel expenditures. It will also provide health benefits, such as the reduction of waterborne illness by increasing access to safe drinking water and improved indoor air quality by reducing in-home emissions. A.4. Entity/individual responsible for VPA The VPA Implementer is Impact Carbon, a non-profit 501c3 organization in San Francisco, USA. A.5. Technical description of the VPA The technologies/measures employed under the VPA are a low carbon water purification technology involving point-of-use (POU) or point-of-entry (POE) treatment systems for residential and institutional applications, and efficient cooking technologies for residential applications. The low carbon water purification technology and efficient cooking stoves will replace the current practice of boiling water with fossil fuel and/or non-renewable biomass and cooking food on unimproved and improved biomass stoves, which is the continuation of the baseline scenario. The boundary of the activity is the Republic of Uganda. Households within this boundary cook primarily with wood in rural areas and charcoal in urban areas. Efficient biomass cookstoves are not widely available in the country, as indicated in the Uganda National Household Survey 2009/2010 undertaken by the Ugandan Bureau of Statistics. As shown in the Table 9.7 of the Uganda National Household Survey 2009/2010 1, 69.1 per cent of the population cooks with a three-stone fire (wood users), 18.5 per cent use a charcoal stove, 8.5 per cent have an improved stove, and fewer than 4 per cent cook with a type of fossil fuel stove or electricity. According to the Uganda Demographic Health Study , 70 per cent of households in Uganda have access to an improved water source. The main source, comprising 37.9 per cent of users with access is a borehole. Having an improved source of water, however, does not constitute treated drinking water. The study shows that 52.8 per cent of households do not treat their water, 43.9 per cent purify through water boiling, and only 3.7 per cent use a safe treatment method that is not boiling (i.e. water guard, bleach/chlorine, ceramic filter, or solar disinfection). 1 Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Uganda National Household Survey 2009/2010. Accessed on January 15 th, 2014 at 2 Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Uganda Demographic Health Study Accessed on January 15 th, 2014 at

4 CDM Executive Board Page 4 The systems and equipment included in the VPA are limited to the water purification technologies and efficient cookstoves disseminated under the VPA. The energy and mass flows for the project scenario for water purification technologies and efficient cookstoves is shown below. Figure 1 VPA Flow Diagram for the Project Scenario for Water Purification Technologies Figure 2 VPA Flow Diagram for the Project Scenario for Efficient Cookstoves Several water purification technologies will be distributed under the VPA, all of which achieve water quality defined in a relevant national standard or guidelines as of drinking water quality. There is no comparable Ugandan Standard for water treatment technologies so the project will use the WHO guidelines. All technologies distributed under this VPA will be lab tested to ensure they achieve compliance with protective performance target as per Evaluating household water treatment options: Health based targets and microbiological performance specifications (WHO 2011). Type 1: Ceramic Filters Ceramic Candle Filter The project proposes using a few different technologies, which use the Ceramic Candle Filter, manufactured by companies such as Basic Water Needs, as the active filtering mechanism. The ceramic candle filter has been proven to be an effective technology, removing 99.99% of microorganism. The filter is

5 CDM Executive Board Page 5 composed of ceramic, activated carbon, and colloidal silver. These materials filter and disinfect the water as gravity passes water through the filter. The filter has a lifespan of 7000 litres, which should last an average family about 2 years. Nazava Table Top Filter A tabletop filter which uses gravity to filter water through the Basic Water Needs ceramic filter. This product is produced by Nazava and imported from the Netherlands. It is composed of two plastic buckets and a spigot and uses the Basic Water Needs filter as the filtering component. Tulip/CrystalPur Siphon Filter The Tulip or CrystalPur uses a siphon to filter water through a Basic Water Needs ceramic filter. The device consists of a plastic casing around a Basic Water Needs filter, which is attached to a rubber tube and pump. The end user will submerge the filter in water and then pump or siphon water through the filter, which can then be used for drinking purposes. Better Life Table Top Filter A tabletop filter which uses gravity to filter water through the Basic Water Needs ceramic filter. The Basic Water Needs filtering component is imported but the buckets and spigots are source locally either in Uganda or Kenya, and the filters are assembled locally in Uganda. Type 2: SODIS and UV Systems Nandadeep UV Filter The Nandadeep UV system works by inactivating pathogens through heat and UV disinfection in conjunction with a mesh filter that provides physical removal of larger pathogens. This product is sourced from a Ugandan based distributor who will install and provide maintenance for these systems. It Purifies water in four stages. It consists of a micron pre-filter and a maintenance-free U.V. Sterilizer. Pre-filter removes all physical impurities from the water as well as unwanted colour and odour. And U.V Sterilizer destroys all diseasecausing bacteria. The purifier is built with imported U.V.Lamp and

6 CDM Executive Board Page 6 polymer tube for trouble-free operation. Purification rate is 2 Ltr./Minute. This technology does require electricity but the electricity from a renewable source will be used. Prior to installation of the unit, the project will check whether a reliable source of electricity is available at the site of unit installation. Ongoing monitoring will ensure that electricity used for the unit during operation is zero emission, meaning that units using fossil fuel or an electricity supply that is not 100% renewable during operation are prohibited from being credited. Ongoing usage survey monitoring will capture whether units are continueing to use renewable sources of electricity for operation. Units found to be using fossil fuels or an electricity supply that is not 100% renewable during operation will be considered not in use and therefore incorporated into the adjustment factor for usage rates. Solvatten This technology uses UV light from the sun to treat water containing bacteria viruses and parasites. This technology does not use any chemicals or energy source except the sun. Solvatten is a portable 11 liter jerrican that harnesses sunshine to heat and treat water at the household level. The technology is imported from Sweden and has a lifespan of about 5 years with proper use. Type 3: Chemical Chlorine Solution Bottle or tablets of chlorine chemically treat drinking water. Chlorine tablets treat 20L of water and are 99% effective. Impact Carbon trains households and institutions on use and provides continuous supply and safe storage equipment for use. The most common manufacturers of this in Uganda are Waterguard and Aquasafe. Chlorine Kiosks The CME is working with existing water vendors in the slums of Kampala to provide chemical treatment to customers purchasing water for a small additional fee. These Kiosks service populations under the target group institutions. Currently customer purchase unsafe drinking water from their local water vendors, however there is no treatment option. The CME is working with these vendors to provide chlorine treatment for sale, receipts for carbon tracking, and marketing and education materials for users. This model has been proven in Kenya and the CME is the only organization to our knowledge testing this approach in Uganda. Chlorine Dispensers The dispenser casing, tank, and valve are made from injection- or blow-molded high-density polyethylene (HDPE), a plastic suited to long-term storage of sodium hypochlorite. These dispensers service populations under the target group institutions. The dispenser is covered with instructional stickers explaining proper use, and the casing locks to ensure the security of the tank s contents. The casing is bolted

7 CDM Executive Board Page 7 to a 4 concrete-filled polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe and cemented into the ground near communal water sources, where it acts as a reminder to treat water at the point of collection. The valve is calibrated to release a 3mL dose of 1.25% sodium hypochlorite solution, enough to treat 20L of clear water for up to 72 hours (depending on the storage vessel). To use the dispenser, community members turn the valve to dose their jerricans and then fill the containers with water as they normally would. The chlorine mixes with the water as the container is filled and transported home. After 30 minutes, the water is ready for drinking. Type 4: Membrane filters Sawyer Ultra Membrane Filters The proprietary water filters are comprised of tiny "U" shaped micro-tubes that allow water to enter into their core through tiny micro-pores. The high number of those tiny tubes and their surface area allows the filter to have one of the fastest flow rates in the world. This high flow rate eliminates the need to store water, reducing the possibility of water contamination after the filtration process. All Sawyer filters have been tested by independent and qualified research laboratories according to U.S. EPA standards for water filters, and meet or exceed EPA standards. Sawyer's revolutionary technology has also been tested and verified by the United Nations, and is currently being used in more than 70 countries around the world. Efficient Cooking Stoves (Household) Some of the technologies under the VPA are efficient charcoal stoves made locally by various local manufacturers, including Ugastove. These stoves are composed of an insulated ceramic combustion chamber, which is enclosed by a metal casing. The stoves have an average thermal efficiency ranging from 23.78% to 27.56%; reduce fuel consumption by about 36%; and have a lifespan of five years. All of the stoves have the same fundamental combustion technologies, and their respective average thermal efficiencies are within +/- 5%. Ceramic stove manufacturers include but are not limited the following: Ugastove Thermal Efficiency: 27.23% Energy Uganda Foundation (EUF)

8 CDM Executive Board Page 8 Thermal Efficiency: 26.89% Sessa Thermal Efficiency : 23.78% FOWE Thermal Efficiency 27.56% African Energy Thermal Efficiency 25.33% Table 2. Efficient Stove Technology Overview Name Manufacturer Technology Performance Lifetime Note Type Ugastove Uganda Stove Manufacturers Limited Improved Charcoal Stove 27.23% 3 Years 3 Evidence of thermal efficiency has been provided to the DOE. 3 Uganda Stove Manufacturers. Research. Accessed at:

9 CDM Executive Board Page 9 EUF charcoal stove SESSA charcoal stove FOWE charcoal stove AES charcoal stove Energy Uganda Foundation SESSSA Uganda Limited Friends of Wealthy Environment African Energy Stoves Improved Charcoal Stove Improved Charcoal Stove Improved Charcoal Stove Improved Charcoal Stove 26.89% 5 Years 4 Evidence of thermal efficiency has been provided to the DOE % 5 Years 5 Evidence of thermal efficiency has been provided to the DOE % 5 Years 6 Evidence of thermal efficiency has been provided to the DOE % 5 Years 7 Evidence of thermal efficiency has been provided to the DOE. Name Tulip Table Top Water Filter Nazava Table Top Water Filter Table 3. Water Purification Technology Overview Manufacturer Technology Performance Lifetime Note Type Basic Water Ceramic ~2 litres per hour 8 7,000 litres The Basic water needs Needs Filter per filter 8 filter was tested as per ISO and ISO 6222 by the Uganda Bureau of Standards. The testing certificate has been provided to Nazava Ceramic Filter ~2 litres per hour 8 7,000 litres per filter 8 the DOE. The Nazava Table Top Water Filter uses the Basic water needs filter. The Uganda Bureau of Standards tested the filter as per ISO and ISO Usage Survey for GS447; Over 80% of adopted Ugastove cluster model stoves ages 0 8 were reported in working condition Usage Survey for GS447; Over 80% of adopted Ugastove cluster model stoves ages 0 8 were reported in working condition Usage Survey for GS447; Over 80% of adopted Ugastove cluster model stoves ages 0 8 were reported in working condition Usage Survey for GS447; Over 80% of adopted Ugastove cluster model stoves ages 0 8 were reported in working condition. 8 Basic Water Needs. Tulip Table Top Water Filter Instruction Manual. Accessed at

10 CDM Executive Board Page 10 Tulip Siphon Filter Better Life Table Top Filter Solvatten Jerrycan Chlorine Solution Sawyer Ultra Membrane Filters Basic Water Needs Better Life International Ceramic Filter Ceramic Filter Solvatten AB Ultraviolet Waterguard, Aquasafe, Kiosk, or Dispenser Sawyer Products Chemical Membrane Filter ~5 litres per hour 9 7,000 litres per filter 8 ~2 litres per hour 8 7,000 litres per filter 8 ~11-44 Litres per 7 Years 11 day 10 ~ ml of solution per 1 litre 12 Not Applicable ~1.3 Litres per 3,785,000 minute 14 Litres The testing certificate has been provided to the DOE. The Tulip Siphon Filter uses the Basic water needs filter. The Uganda Bureau of Standards tested the filter as per ISO and ISO The testing certificate has been provided to the DOE. The Better Life Table Top Filter uses the Basic water needs filter. The Uganda Bureau of Standards tested the filter as per ISO and ISO The testing certificate has been provided to the DOE. Meets WHO Guidelines for Safe Water 11 Recommended method of treatment of drinking water by the WHO 13 Meets USEPA Guide Standard and Protocol for Testing Microbiological Purifiers. Test certificate has been provided to the DOE. Nandadeep Nandadeep Ultraviolet ~2 Litres per 4-5 years 16 The testing certificate 9 Basic Water Needs. Tulip Siphon. Accessed at 10 Solvatten. About Solvatten. Accessed at: Verification of SOLVATTEN water purification system, by the Department of Molecular Biology and Technology of the University of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania Feb 2009: The results showed that the water quality is satisfactory according to WHO standards of Safe Drinking Water. The study also verified the test results from similar studies carried out previously in Nepal and Sweden MIT. Appropriate Water Treatment for Nyanza Province in Kenya. Page WHO. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Page 61. Accessed at 14 Sawyer Products. Sawyer 2-Litre Water Filtration System. Accessed at: liter-water-filtration-system-2/

11 CDM Executive Board Page 11 UV Filter International minute 15 for the Nandadeep filter has been provided to the DOE. All technologies included in the VPA are suitable within the context of local water consumption and cooking practices. A.6. Party(ies) Name of Party involved (host) indicates a host Party Uganda (host) Private and/or public entity(ies) VPA implementer(s) (as applicable) Impact Carbon (VPA Implementer) Indicate if the Party involved wishes to be considered as VPA implementer (Yes/No) No A.7. Geographic reference or other means of identification The boundary of the VPA is Uganda. Coordinates of Kampala, capital of Uganda: 0 18' 56" N 32 33' 56"W A.8. Duration of the VPA A.8.1. Start date of the VPA Figure 3 Republic of Uganda 16 Estimated lifetime from manufacturer. 15 Nandadeep. PDTS Treatment. Accessed at:

12 CDM Executive Board Page 12 The start date of the VPA is 19/12/2013. This is the date that the first purchase of appliances to be sold under the VPA was made. A.8.2. Expected operational lifetime of the VPA 21 Years and 0 Months A.9. Choice of the crediting period and related information The VPA has a renewable crediting period. A.9.1. Start date of the crediting period The start date of the crediting period is 19/12/2013. A.9.2. Length of the crediting period The length of the crediting period is 7 years. A.10. Estimated amount of GHG emission reductions Emission reductions during the crediting period Years 1 12, , , , , , ,385 Total number of crediting years 7 Annual average GHG emission 36,879 reductions over the crediting period Total estimated reductions (tonnes of CO 2 e) 258,082 A.11. Public funding of the VPA There is no ODA funding for the proposed VPA A.12. Confirmation for VPA Annual GHG emission reductions (in tonnes of CO 2 e) for each year The VPA is neither registered as an individual CDM or voluntary project activity, nor part of another registered PoA. SECTION B. Environmental analysis B.1. Analysis of the environmental impacts The boundary of the VPA is the Republic of Uganda. According to the National Environment Act of Uganda, activities listed under the Third Schedule of the act should be considered for an Environmental

13 CDM Executive Board Page 13 Impact assessment. The activities under the proposed VPA are not listed under the Third Schedule and as such do not require an Environmental Impact Assessment. 17 In addition, the Do No Harm assessment and the Sustainable Development Matrix in the GS Passport did not find any harmful effects of the activities under the proposed VPA. B.2. Environmental impact assessment Not Applicable. SECTION C. Local stakeholder comments C.1. Solicitation of comments from local stakeholders The comments from local stakeholder were solicited as per the requirements of a Local Stakeholder Consultation (LSC) under the GS. The invitation, attendance sheet, and minutes from the main LSC event on 14/03/2013 have been provided to the DOE in the form of the LSC report and passport. C.2. Summary of comments received The comments are recorded in the LSC report. The main comments received during the LSC covered the following topics: How will carbon credit revenues be used? Which technologies will be employed under the VPA? Where will products be distributed and will domestically produced products be included? How do you ensure the quality of the technologies provided under the VPA? C.3. Report on consideration of comments received How each comment was considered is presented in the LSC report. The main comments received are considered as follows: 1. How will carbon credit revenues be used? The carbon credit revenues are used to subsidize the cost of the product and/or supply chain to the end user. Some of the revenue is also reserved for the development of community projects. For example, in previous projects the carbon revenue has paid for the installation of institutional stoves at schools that could not afford the technology. 2. How do you select technology partners for the VPA? The CME of the PoA has a set of guidelines to go by when assessing if a technology partner and their technology is appropriate for the VPA. This includes the capacity of the partner to deliver sufficient volumes of the technology by the required deadlines, as well as the business practices of the partner. The exact criteria will vary depending on the location of the activity and the technology in question. 3. Where will products be distributed and will domestically produced products be included? 17 The National Environment Act, Cap 153, National Environmental Management Authority of Uganda, 1995

14 CDM Executive Board Page 14 For water purification technologies the implementer has not been able to locate domestically manufactured technologies and the distribution/sale of these products will initially focus on Kampala because the logistics are easier. The activity will then spread across Uganda as the activity matures. Efficient stove technologies will be distributed country-wide. 4. How do you ensure the quality of the technologies provided under the VPA? A random sample of products is regularly selected and tested as per the requirements of the methodology used by the VPA. In the case of efficient stoves the test is a KPT. If a product is not working as per the requirements of the methodology the implementer is required to go back to the manufacturer to have the problem addressed. SECTION D. Eligibility of VPA and estimation of emissions reductions D.1. Title and reference of the approved baseline and monitoring methodology(ies) selected: VPAs operating under Technologies and practices to displace decentralized thermal energy consumption Version 1, reference the following methodologies, tools, and guidelines: AMS-I.E switch from non-renewable biomass for thermal applications by the user Standard: Demonstration of additionality, development of eligibility criteria and application of multiple methodologies for PoAs Version 2.1 D.2. Application of methodology(ies) Additionality is demonstrated as per Gold Standard methodology Technologies and practices to displace decentralize thermal energy consumption Version 1, page 9, which states that in situations where it can be shown that the project technology has been adopted by less than 20% of the population in the target area the technology can be qualified as first of its kind and hence realistic and credible barriers exist due to prevailing practice. Of the two technology types implemented under the VPA, efficient cookstoves have only achieved market penetration around 8.5 per cent; hence the efficient cookstove component of the VPA can be considered to have realistic and credible barriers. 18 Low carbon purification systems are not widespread either with data showing that only 3.7 per cent use a safe treatment method that is not boiling: Water Guard (branded chlorine product): 2.8% Other chlorine: 0.2% Ceramic filters or other types of filter: 0.5% Solar disinfection: 0.2%) 19. Thus, the water purification component of the VPA can be considered to have realistic and credible barriers Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Uganda National Household Survey 2009/2010. Accessed on January 15 th, 2014 at pg Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Uganda Demographic Health Study Accessed on January 15 th, 2014 at pg. 52.

15 CDM Executive Board Page 15 It follows that the VPA satisfies the requirements for demonstrating additionality, thereby satisfying eligibility criterion 3. The following conditions apply to VPAs under this methodology: 1. The project boundary can be clearly identified, and technologies counted in the project are not included in another voluntary market or CDM project activity. Project proponents must have a survey mechanism in place together with appropriate measures so as to prevent double-counting in case of another similar activity with some of the target area in common. Measures to prevent double-counting are provided by in the CME manual to which VPAs under the PoA will adhere. The CME Manual states: each technology disseminated through the PoA shall have a VPA identifier attached (eg. VPA logo or brand logo) to ensure that double-counting does not occur. The VPA identifier of each system will be recorded in the project database alongside the name and address (where possible) of the users. The identifier or serial numbers will be stored in the project database. The CME may annually check the systems to ensure that: The recorded address/contact information of the appliance user is still correct; The appliance is still operational (as part of the monitoring procedure); VPA identifiers correspond with the identifiers on the installed systems. If the address/contact is found to no longer comply with the database and the user is found to be different to that listed in the sales receipt, the new user will be asked to sign and complete the Carbon Rights Waiver within a new sales receipt. All new details will be recorded in the database. Where the new user does not wish to sign a Carbon Rights Waiver, the system will be listed as no longer operational in the database (i.e. no further emissions reductions will be claimed). 2. The technologies each have a continuous useful energy output of less than 150kW per unit. For technologies or practices that do not deliver thermal energy in the project scenario but only displace thermal energy supplied in the baseline scenario, the 150kW threshold applies to the displaced baseline technology. All technologies under the VPA have a continuous useful energy output of less than 150kW per unit. For technologies that do not deliver thermal energy, water purification technologies, the 150kW threshold is in reference to the displaced baseline technology. These criteria are met in Section D.5, Eligibility Criteria #1. 3. The use of the baseline technology as a backup or auxiliary technology in parallel with the improved technology introduced by the project activity is permitted as long as a mechanism is put into place to encourage removal of the old technology (e.g. discounted price for the improved technology) and the definitive discontinuity of its use. The project documentation must provide a clear description of the approach chosen and the monitoring plan must allow for a good understanding of the extent to which the baseline technology is still in use after the introduction of the improved technology. The success of the mechanism put into place must therefore be monitored, and the approach must be adjusted if proven unsuccessful. Monitoring shall monitor whether the existing baseline technology is not surrendered at the time of the introduction of the improved technology, or whether a new baseline technology is acquired and put to use by targeted end users during the project crediting period this can be monitored on a representative basis. The approach will be adjusted if proven unsuccessful. If an old technology remains in use

16 CDM Executive Board Page 16 in parallel with the improved technology, corresponding emissions must of course be accounted for as part of the project emissions which may be monitored on a representative basis. This condition is met by the VPAs through adherence to the PoA-DD monitoring plan for monitoring continued use of baseline technologies. Specifically, the parameter P,p,y is monitored to account for continued use of baseline stoves. This is done through the methodology requirement that field tests measure the quantity of fuel consumed in the project scenario shall, if applicable, account for continued use of baseline stoves. Thus during project activity field testing, the CME shall ensure that the continued use of any baseline fuel is captured. The CME will encourage the removal of the old technology by providing subsidy support to the end user for either the technology itself, or in support of the manufacturer to to introduce marketing and awareness building that encourages the dismissal of stoves. The success of this approach will be monitored through representative survey or fieldwork. In order to encourage the discontinued use of old stoves the PP will provide marketing and education initiatives to inform users of the benefits of using the new stove, including cost savings from using less fuel, less time procuring fuel, and healthier kitchen environments from reduced emissions. 4. The project proponent must clearly communicate to all project participants the entity that is claiming ownership rights of and selling the emission reductions resulting from the project activity. This must be communicated to the technology producers and the retailers of the improved technology or the renewable fuel in use in the project situation by contract or clear written assertions in the transaction paperwork. If the claimants are not the project technology end users, the end users should be notified that they cannot claim for emission reductions from the project. This condition is met by the VPAs through adherence to the CME manual, which describes the methods through which the VPA implementer will ensure that it is clearly communicated to all project participants that the entity CME that is claiming ownership rights of and selling the emission reductions from the project activity, such as through carbon waiver forms. Carbon waiver forms describing the acknowledgement and transfer of carbon rights will be provided at the time of sale to each end-user or primary purchaser of the equipment of the unit. As the project has yet to be fully implemented at the time of VPA inclusion, all requisite carbon waiver agreements from end-users, suppliers/ subcontractors, and other relevant parties showing that the CME has ownership of any VERs generated by the activity will be provided to the DOE at the time of request for verification. 5. Project activities making use of a new biomass feedstock in the project (e.g. shift from nonrenewable to green charcoal, plant oil, or renewable biomass briquettes) must comply with relevant Gold Standard specific requirements for biomass related project activities. Not applicable to the VPA. Each VPA under the GS methodology will meet applicability conditions 1-4, above. Condition 5 does not apply to VPAs under the PoA. Project Boundary The requirements apply to boundary of VPAs under this methodology: a) The project boundary is the physical, geographical sites of the project technologies and potentially of the baseline and project fuel collection and production (e.g charcoal, plant oil), as

17 CDM Executive Board Page 17 well as solid waste and effluents disposal or treatment facilities associated with the fuel processing. The project boundary for the VPA is comprised of the households and institutions where the technology is physically located, and the fuel collection and production points, which is wood or charcoal produced or collected in the forests surrounding the households and institutions. b) The regions or towns within a single country define the target area. The target area provides an outer limit to the project boundary in which the project has a target population. The target area is defined separately for each baseline of the VPA. Each target area is within the boundary of the VPA. c) In cases where woody biomass is the baseline fuel, the fuel production and collection area is the area within which this woody biomass can reasonably be expected to be produced, collected and supplied. Baseline and Project Scenarios Baseline and project scenarios are outlined below and detailed descriptions are provided in VPA Section D.4. Section D.4 describes all baseline and project scenarios applicable under the VPA. The VPA implementer has identified multiple baseline scenarios that are applicable in relation to different project technologies in the project activity, depending on local fuel and technology patterns. The VPA implementer has identified multiple project scenarios given the different types of project technologies included in the project activity. Independent project scenarios can be credited by comparison to the same baseline scenario if applicable. For example, the same baseline scenario for inefficient wood stoves could be compared to separate project scenarios for two different improved wood stove models in the activity. Project technologies with similar design and performance characteristics may be included under a single project scenario. For example, improved cook stoves can be considered similar if they are based on the same fundamental combustion technology and their respective thermal efficiencies or specific consumptions do not differ by more than +/- 5%. Similarly, comparable project technologies may share the same monitoring procedures. Technologies that will be deemed similar are the following: Efficient cookstoves in households using wood whose thermal efficiencies do not differ by more than +/- 5% Efficient cookstoves in households using charcoal whose thermal efficiencies do not differ by more than +/- 5% Ceramic water filters used in households whose output rate does not differ by more than +/- 5% Ceramic water filters used in institutions whose output rate does not differ by more than +/- 5% Solar treatment water purifiers used in households whose output rate does not differ by more than +/- 5% Solar treatment water purifiers used in institutions whose output rate does not differ by more than +/- 5%

18 CDM Executive Board Page 18 Chemical disinfection technologies used in households whose output rate does not differ by more than +/- 5% Chemical disinfection technologies used in institutions whose output rate does not differ by more than +/- 5% Suppressed Demand Suppressed demand is allowed under the methodology and may be used to assess the baseline scenario if evidence is provided that the project technology users, or a cluster of such users within the project population, are otherwise deprived of a reasonable level of human development in comparison to their peers and provided that there is a likelihood of avoided future emissions. As per the GS methodology, for water purification technologies under the VPA to account for suppressed demand of safe water the baseline scenario can be defined on the basis of the quantity of safe water used in the project scenario for all purposes where contaminated water would imply a health or livelihood risk. This is measured in the project scenario as the sum of the amount of water supplied and the amount of raw water still boiled. This value shall not exceed 7.5 l/p/d as per the WHO s basic needs for treated water. However, the VPA is already applying a cap of 6 l/p/d as explained in section D.6.1 below. For the purposes of calculated the predicted emission reductions the value is assumed to be 5.5 l/p/d. Supressed demand is not considered for efficient cookstove technologies. Baseline Non-Renewable Biomass Assessment Following Paragraph A1.3 of Annex 1 of the GS methodology Technologies and practices to displace decentralized thermal energy consumption Version 1, the Non-Renewable Biomass Assessment can be determined using data from surveys, reports, literature, and governmental records that is reliable and credible. For the VPA, the Non-Renewable Biomass Assessment follows the Default Values of Fraction of Non- Renewable Biomass published by the CDM Board, at its sixty-seventh meeting approved the approach to calculate the values as indicated in the information note annexed to that meeting report (EB67, annex 22), for LDCs, SIDS and Parties with 10 or less registered CDM project activities as of 31 December The default value given the Republic of Uganda and approved by the Ugandan DNA is Baseline Survey The complete baseline survey CIRCODU Kitchen Survey Report along with the testing procedure and survey methods have been provided to the DOE. The assessment of sustainability indicators is provided in the GS Passport and has been submitted to the DOE. A summary of the baseline scenario is provided below. Uganda has a population of approximately 31 million with an average household size of The urban areas comprise 15.6 per cent of the population with the remaining households living in rural areas (84.4 per cent). 23 Average annual income per household in Uganda is USD The list of countries whose designated national authorities (DNAs) have indicated their acceptance of the proposed values is available on the UNFCCC CDM website < 22 Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Uganda National Household Survey 2009/2010. Page 118. Accessed at

19 CDM Executive Board Page 19 The boundary of the activity is the Republic of Uganda. Households within this boundary cook primarily with wood in rural areas and charcoal in urban areas. Efficient biomass cookstoves are not widely available in the country, as indicated in the table below from the Uganda National Household Survey 2009/2010 undertaken by the Ugandan Bureau of Statistics. As shown in the table, 69.1 per cent of the population cooks with a three-stone fire (wood users), 18.5 per cent use a charcoal stove, 8.5 per cent have an improved stove, and fewer than 4 per cent cook with a type of fossil fuel stove or electricity. In addition to the cooking practices, the baseline survey characteristics cover access to clean water and general water purification practices. The Uganda Demographic Health Study 2011 surveyed households to determine access to clean water and methods of purification. This study was sanctioned and published by the Uganda Government National Bureau of Statistics, and is the most comprehensive and nationally representative surveys of Uganda s demographic and health status. Over 10,000 interviews were conducted across Uganda to obtain the results. Relevant statistics from the study are summarized in the table below. 23 Central Intelligence Agency. Uganda. Accessed at 24 United Nations Statistics Division. Uganda. Accessed at

20 CDM Executive Board Page 20 According to the study, 70 per cent of households in Uganda have access to an improved water source. The main source, comprising 38 per cent of users with access is a borehole. Having an improved source of water, however, does not constitute treated drinking water. The study shows that 53 per cent of households do not treat their water, 44 per cent purify through water boiling, and only 4 per cent use a safe treatment method that is not boiling (i.e. water guard, bleach/chlorine, ceramic filter, or solar disinfection). By default, all safe water technologies distributed in this VPA are below 20% penetration, as even their combined penetration rate does not exceed 4%. The baseline characteristics for institutions were determined by a study commissioned by Impact Carbon and performed by the CIRCODU. The objective of the survey was to collect nationally representative data on institutional population characteristics, cooking habits, stove types, and fuel use. Survey implementation and analysis follows the GS methodology utilized by the activity and is presented in its entirety in the 2013 Uganda Baseline Kitchen Survey Institutions report. The results of the survey show the following technology use across the institutions surveyed:

21 CDM Executive Board Page 21 Institutions use primarily wood and charcoal fuels for cooking, with LPG, Kerosene, and other fuels making up the rest. The percentage of institutions sums to greater than 100 per cent due to the fact that many institutions have multiple stove types. In line with using multiple cooking technologies, institutions also used multiple fuel types. Charcoal and wood are the most commonly used fuels and only 5 per cent of institutions surveys reported collecting firewood in place of purchasing it. All other fuels (charcoal, LPG, Kerosene) are assumed to be purchased. Leakage due to transportation is assumed to be less than 5% but will also be assessed ex-post every 2 years. Moreover, in line with the current methodology, the following leakage studies will be included to assess the emission reductions generated by the activity: a) The displaced baseline technologies are reused outside the project boundary in place of lower emitting technology or in a manner suggesting more usage than would have occurred in the absence of the project. - There is no evidence that the project increases the use of higher emitting technologies outside the project boundary where lower emitting technologies are in place (i.e. three-stones fires). The baseline technology used in Uganda is three-stone fires and/or open charcoal and wood cook stoves, which are a similar type of technology that is used outside the project boundary (Uganda) i.e. in Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, etc. Evidence of the use of these traditional technologies can be found in the baseline surveys conducted by similar GS projects from North East Africa 25. This trend has not and will not be reversed by the project activity. - DHS data provides evidence that non-project beneficiaries mainly use less efficient wood and charcoal cook stoves, which is the same technology identified as the baseline scenario for this 25 See GS public registry portfolio for activities implemented in North East African countries.

22 CDM Executive Board Page 22 project for both cooking and boiling water. There is therefore minimal risk that the non-project beneficiaries may use higher emitting technologies due to the project activity. - Given that the leakage assessment does not expect an increase in fuel consumption by the nonproject beneficiaries attributable to the displacement of the baseline technology outside the project boundary, calculations do not need to be adjusted to account for this leakage at the time of validation. However, the relevant parameters/data may be updated if necessary as specified by the monitoring plan through the kitchen surveys to be conducted. Overall justification at the time of validation: No leakage. b) The non-renewable biomass or fossil fuels saved under the project activity are used by non-project users who previously used lower emitting energy sources. - There is no evidence that the project increases the use of higher emitting fuel outside the project boundary where lower emitting energy sources take in place. Wood fuels remain a valuable and declining resource. Moreover many users collect locally available wood for free. The free supply of wood is external to economic markets for wood and thus, to a large extent, these communities are shielded from market forces on wood fuel prices. This trend will not be reversed by the project activity. - DHS data shows provides evidence that both non-project and project beneficiaries mainly use firewood and/or charcoal to fuel traditional cookstoves. There is therefore no risk that the nonproject beneficiaries may adopt higher emitting energy sources due to the project activity. - Given that the leakage assessment does not expect an increase in fuel consumption by the nonproject beneficiaries attributable to the project activity, calculations do not need to be adjusted to account for this leakage at the time of validation. However, the relevant parameters/data may be updated if necessary as specified by the monitoring plan. Overall justification at the time of validation: No leakage. c) The project significantly impacts the NRB fraction within an area where other CDM or VER project activities account for NRB fraction in their baseline scenario. The impact of the project activity on the NRB fraction within the project boundary is found to be negligible. The size of the project activity is small compared to the scale of the project boundary (country of Uganda) and thus is not likely to be significant within the target population. Overall justification at the time of validation: No leakage. d) The project population compensates for loss of the space heating effect of inefficient technology by adopting some other form of heating or by retaining some use of inefficient technology. The climate throughout Uganda is temperate to hot. Recently conducted monitoring surveys indicate that space heating is not likely to be significant within the target population. 26 No evidence exists that the 26 See Baseline Monitoring Report as provided to the DOE.

23 CDM Executive Board Page 23 project will result in increased fuel use for heating from inefficient stoves, but nonetheless overall fuel consumption will be monitored and will account for both heating and cooking. If this condition changes during the crediting period and homes start requiring residential heating, the project stoves are capable of providing heat from the combustion chamber, as well as from residual heat captured in the liner post-combustion. Thus, project improved cooking stoves (ICS) may in fact act as more efficient heat sources than traditional cook stoves. The scarcity and/or cost of fuel is an additional incentive to not use multiple stoves for heating thus reducing the likelihood that space heating is compensated by inefficient stoves. Nevertheless, this potential leakage source is addressed through the subsumed character of the FT during the monitoring period. Overall justification at the time of validation: No leakage e) By virtue of promotion and marketing of a new technology with high efficiency, the project stimulates substitution within households who commonly used a technology with relatively lower emissions, in cases where such a trend is not eligible as an evolving baseline. - Project stoves shift cooking practices only from high emission to low emission cooking. Traditional stoves are replaced with the ICS. Typical cooking tasks that were performed on other technologies may continue because of their ease and speed of cooking, or will be reduced due to the additional appeal and fuel savings associated with the use of the distributed ICS. - Lower disposable income prevents a transition from wood users to charcoal given the cost of coal, as opposed to wood that can be collected for free. Nevertheless, this potential leakage source is addressed through the Kitchen Survey and the design of the emission reduction calculations. A leakage adjustment factor will therefore be applied in the future if significant fuel switching from wood to charcoal is observed. Justification: Although potential leakage is not identified at the time of validation, the quantitative results of the Fuel Test (FT) subsumes the potential sources of leakage. Because the FT represents actual fuel savings, the results already incorporate the effects of these potential leakages. The potential sources of leakage discussed above will be followed throughout the project period. Fuel- switching will be continuously monitored in the monitoring Kitchen Surveys for both rural and urban sales, and the leakage factor w i ll be re-evaluated accordingly. A leakage investigation will be conducted every two years using relevant survey methods that can be combined with monitoring surveys as is applicable. Leakage risks deemed very low can be ignored as long as the case for their insignificance is substantiated. When appropriate, sources of leakage should be assessed in the context of suppressed demand and satisfied level of service. If relevant conditions as defined in Annex 2 of the methodology are demonstrated to apply, the leakage may not exist or may be diminished. Under the methodology monitoring is required for the measurement of certain parameters. Testing/surveying of all, or a representative sample, of technologies/households/users will be conducted to determine these parameters. The VPA does not require a debundling check as the GS methodology used by the VPA does not require the VPA to undertake a debundling check.

24 CDM Executive Board Page 24 D.3. Sources and GHGs Baseline scenario Source GHGs Included? Justification/Explanation Heat Delivery CO 2 Yes Important source of emissions CH 4 Yes Important source of emissions N 2 O Yes Important source of emissions Project scenario Heat Delivery CO 2 Yes Important source of emissions CH 4 Yes Important source of emissions N 2 O Yes Important source of emissions Figure 5 Baseline Scenario Diagram for Efficient Cookstoves Figure 6 Project Scenario Diagram for Efficient Cookstoves

25 CDM Executive Board Page 25 Figure 7 Baseline Scenario for Water Purification Figure 8 Project Scenario for Water Purification All efficient cookstoves and water purification technologies disseminated under the VPA are located within the VPA boundary shown in section A.7. The VPA boundary is within the host country(ies) covered by the PoA, i.e. the boundary of the PoA. D.4. Description of the baseline scenario Following the GS methodology, A baseline scenario is defined by the typical baseline fuel consumption patterns in a population that is targeted for adoption of the project technology. Hence, this target population is a representative baseline for the project activity. For the baseline and project scenarios below, the following technology types are defined as follows: Unimproved Wood Stove three stone fire or conventional device using wood with no improved combustion air supply or flue gas ventilation that is without a grate or a chimney, with an assumed default thermal efficiency of 10%; Improved Wood Stove conventional device using wood with an improved combustion air supply or flue gas ventilation that has a grate or chimney, with a thermal efficiency greater than

26 CDM Executive Board Page 26 20% as determined by the Water Boiling Test Version 3 27 as developed by the Partnership for Clean Indoor Air (PCIA); Unimproved Charcoal Stove - conventional device using charcoal with no improved combustion air supply or flue gas ventilation that is without a grate or a chimney, with an assumed default thermal efficiency of 10%; Improved Charcoal Stove - conventional device using charcoal with an improved combustion air supply or flue gas ventilation that has a grate or chimney, with a thermal efficiency greater than 20% as determined by the Water Boiling Test Version 3 4 as developed by the PCIA. The VPA considers under the GS methodology the following baseline scenarios: Name Description of Baseline Target Population Unimproved Wood The baseline technology is an unimproved wood stove with a thermal efficiency of 10% Unimproved Wood with Water Technology The baseline technology is an unimproved wood stove with a thermal efficiency of 10% used along with a water purification technology Improved Wood The baseline technology is an improved wood stove with a thermal efficiency above 20% Improved Wood with Water Technology The baseline technology is an improved wood stove with a thermal efficiency above 20% used along with a water purification technology Unimproved Charcoal The baseline technology is an unimproved charcoal stove with a thermal efficiency value of 10%. The assumed wood equivalent per kilogram of charcoal is 6 kilograms 28 Unimproved Charcoal with Water Technology The baseline technology is an unimproved charcoal stove with a thermal efficiency value of 10% and a water purification technology. The assumed wood equivalent per kilogram of charcoal is 6 kilograms 4 Improved Charcoal The baseline technology is an improved charcoal stove with a thermal efficiency value above 20%. The assumed wood equivalent per kilogram of charcoal is 6 kilograms 4 Improved Charcoal with Water Technology The baseline technology is an improved charcoal stove with a Households using an unimproved wood stove in the VPA boundary Households using an unimproved wood stove and water purification technology in the VPA boundary Households using an improved wood stove in the VPA boundary Households using an improved wood stove and water purification technology in the VPA boundary Households using an unimproved charcoal stove in the VPA boundary Households using an unimproved charcoal stove and a water purification technology in the VPA boundary Households using an improved charcoal stove in the VPA boundary Households using an improved charcoal stove and a water purification technology in the 27 Partnership for Clean Indoor Air, Water Boiling Test Version 3, accessed at 28 AMS-II.G Version 5

27 CDM Executive Board Page 27 thermal efficiency value above 20% and a water purification technology. The assumed wood equivalent per kilogram of charcoal is 6 kilograms 4 Fossil Fuel The baseline technology is a fossil fuel fired stove with an assumed thermal efficiency value of 50%. The emission factor depends on the fossil fuel type Institutional Wood The baseline technology is a wood-fired institutional stove Institutional Charcoal The baseline technology is a charcoal-fired institutional stove Institutional Fossil Fuel The baseline technology is a fossil fuel-fired institutional stove VPA boundary Households using a fossil fuel stove in the VPA boundary Institutions using a wood stove in the VPA boundary Institutions using a charcoal stove in the VPA boundary Institutions using a fossil fuel stove in the VPA boundary All of the baselines above can serve as baselines in the VPAs under the GS Methodology. The VPA has performed the following baseline studies for each baseline scenario: Baseline non-renewable biomass (NRB) assessment, if biomass is one of the baseline fuels Baseline survey (BS) of target population characteristics, which may be drawn from previous studies and/or reports based on surveys of the same target population conducted according the GS methodology requirements. Baseline performance field test (BFT) of fuel consumption (e.g. kitchen performance test (KPT) in case of cookstoves) The baseline NRB assessment is identical for all baseline scenarios utilizing wood or charcoal, i.e. all with the exception of Fossil Fuel and Institutional Fossil Fuel. The baseline NRB assessment is as described in section D.2: The NRB Assessment follows the Default Values of Fraction of Non-Renewable Biomass published by the CDM Board, at its sixty-seventh meeting approved the approach to calculate the values as indicated in the information note annexed to that meeting report (EB67, annex 22), for LDCs, SIDS and Parties with 10 or less registered CDM project activities as of 31 December The default value given the Republic of Uganda and approved by the Ugandan DNA is The BS of the target population, which illustrates the characteristics of the target population, is described in the Baseline Study that was provided to the DOE, which draws from the Uganda Demographic Health Study and Uganda National Household Survey 2009/ Both of these studies are nationwide surveys representative of the VPA target population and undertaken by the Ugandan Bureau of Statistics. 29 The list of countries whose designated national authorities (DNAs) have indicated their acceptance of the proposed values is available on the UNFCCC CDM website < 30 Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Uganda Demographic Health Study Accessed on January 15 th, 2014 at 31 Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Uganda National Household Survey 2009/2010. Accessed on January 15 th, 2014 at

28 CDM Executive Board Page 28 The BFT for the baseline scenarios will be undertaken prior to verification for their respective project scenarios described below. The VPA consider the following project scenarios for the various baseline scenarios: Baseline Scenario Project Scenario Description of Project Scenario Unimproved Wood Efficient Wood Stoves Introduction of efficient wood stoves with a thermal efficiency above 20% to households using an unimproved wood stove in the VPA Unimproved Wood with Water Technology Low Greenhouse Gas Water Purification Technologies Efficient Wood Stoves boundary Introduction of low greenhouse gas water purification technologies to households using an unimproved stove to boil water in the VPA boundary Introduction of efficient wood stoves with a thermal efficiency above 20% to households using an unimproved wood stove in the VPA boundary Target Population Households in the VPA boundary using, or who would have used, an unimproved wood stove for cooking Households in the VPA boundary using, or who would have used, an unimproved wood stove to boil water Households in the VPA boundary using, or who would have used, an unimproved wood stove for cooking Improved Wood Efficient Wood Stoves Low Greenhouse Gas Water Purification Technologies Introduction of efficient wood stoves with a thermal efficiency above 20% to households using an improved wood stove in the VPA boundary. The project improved stove must have higher efficiency than that of the baseline. Introduction of low greenhouse gas water purification technologies to households using an improved wood stove to boil water in the VPA boundary Households in the VPA boundary using, or who would have used, an improved wood stove to cook Households in the VPA boundary using, or who would have used, an improved wood stove to boil water

29 CDM Executive Board Page 29 Improved Wood with Water Technology Efficient Wood Stoves Unimproved Charcoal Efficient Charcoal Stoves Unimproved Charcoal with Water Technology Low Greenhouse Gas Water Purification Technologies Efficient Charcoal Stoves Improved Charcoal Efficient Charcoal Stoves Improved Charcoal with Water Technology Low Greenhouse Gas Water Purification Technologies Efficient Charcoal Stoves Introduction of efficient wood stoves with a thermal efficiency above 20% to households using an improved wood stove in the VPA boundary Introduction of efficient charcoal stoves to households using an unimproved charcoal stove in the VPA boundary Introduction of low greenhouse gas water purification technologies to households using an unimproved charcoal stove to boil water in the VPA boundary Introduction of efficient charcoal stoves to households using an unimproved charcoal stove in the VPA boundary Introduction of efficient charcoal stoves to households using an improved charcoal stove in the VPA boundary. The project improved stove must have higher efficiency than that of the baseline. Introduction of low greenhouse gas water purification technologies to households using an improved charcoal stove to boil water in the VPA boundary Introduction of efficient charcoal stoves to households using an improved charcoal stove in the VPA boundary Households in the VPA boundary using, or who would have used, an improved wood stove to cook Households in the VPA boundary using, or who would have used, an unimproved charcoal stove to cook Households in the VPA boundary using, or who would have used, an unimproved charcoal stove to boil water Households in the VPA boundary using, or who would have used, an unimproved charcoal stove to cook Households in the VPA boundary using, or who would have used, an improved charcoal stove to cook Households in the VPA boundary using, or who would have used, an improved charcoal stove to boil water Households in the VPA boundary using, or who would have used, an improved charcoal stove to cook

30 CDM Executive Board Page 30 Fossil Fuel Low Greenhouse Gas Water Purification Technologies Institutional Wood Low Greenhouse Gas Water Purification Technologies Institutional Charcoal Low Greenhouse Gas Water Purification Technologies Institutional Fossil Fuel Low Greenhouse Gas Water Purification Technologies Introduction of low greenhouse gas water purification technologies to households using fossil fuel to boil water in the VPA boundary Introduction of low greenhouse gas water purification technologies to institutions using wood to boil water in the VPA boundary Introduction of low greenhouse gas water purification technologies to institutions using charcoal to boil water in the VPA boundary Institutions using a fossil fuel stove in the VPA boundary Households in the VPA boundary using, or who would have used, an fossil fuel to boil water Institutions in the VPA boundary using, or who would have used, wood fuel to boil water Institutions in the VPA boundary using, or who would have used, charcoal fuel to boil water Institutions in the VPA boundary using, or who would have used, fossil fuel to boil water D.5. Demonstration of eligibility for a VPA Criteria Criteria Description Criteria Evidence Satisfied? Number Name 1 Technology Each VPA will employ low greenhouse gas water purification systems and/or efficient biomass cookstove technologies, as described in PoA-DD Section A.6. The technologies each will have continuous useful energy outputs of less than 150kW per unit. For technologies or practices that do not deliver thermal energy in the project scenario but only displace thermal energy supplied in the baseline scenario, the 150kW threshold applies to the displaced baseline technology. Technologies utilizing new biomass feedstock are not included. Description, technical specifications, and for cookstoves a thermal efficiency certificate showing a thermal efficiency equal to or greater 20% and for water purification technologies a laboratory tests or official that the technology is compliant with the WHO s Evaluating household water treatment options: Health based targets and microbiological performance specifications ; or an applicable national standard or guideline are provided for all Yes

31 CDM Executive Board Page 31 The cookstove technologies will also meet minimum criteria as outlined below: - Thermal efficiency equal to or greater 20% - The technologies each will have continuous useful energy outputs of less than 150kW per unit technologies under the VPA in section A.5 and have been provided to the DOE.. Zero emission technologies will be checked at the time of installation, and ongoing through the parameter usage rate (U p,y ) for water technologies. All water technologies will have water quality that is compliant with the WHO s Evaluating household water treatment options: Health based targets and microbiological performance specifications ; or an applicable national standard or guideline. The water technologies will also meet minimum criteria as outlined below: Small-scale technologies for household consumption, no project emissions - Minimum flow rate: 1 L/hr or, in the case of chemical traeatment (eg. Chlorine) one dose treating 5 l - Minimum capacity/lifespan: 4000 L or 1 year - Fixed or portable: Portable - Removal of E.coli: 99(2- log) - Minimum Watts/Voltage: N/A - Technologies which when operating, generate zero emissions this prohibits technologies which when operating to use fossil fuels or an electricity supply that is not 100% renewable. Technologies for institutional water consumption, no project emissions - Minimum flow rate: 2 L/hr or in the case of chemical

32 CDM Executive Board Page 32 traeatment (eg. Chlorine) one dose treating 5 l - Minimum capacity/lifespan: 8000 L or 1 year - Fixed or portable: Portable or Fixed - Removal of E.coli: 99 (2- log) - Minimum Watts/Voltage: N/A - Technologies which when operating, generate zero emissions this prohibits technologies which when operating to use fossil fuels or an electricity supply that is not 100% renewable. Technologies for institutional water consumption in communities (eg. Villages), no project emissions - Minimum flow rate: 1 L/hr or in the case of chemical traeatment (eg. Chlorine) one dose treating 5 l - Minimum capacity/lifespan: 4000 L or 1 year - Fixed or portable: Portable or Fixed - Removal of E.coli: 99 (2- log) - Minimum Watts/Voltage: N/A - Technologies which when operating, generate zero emissions this prohibits technologies which when operating to use fossil fuels or an electricity supply that is not 100% renewable. - 2 Location Each VPA will be located within the physical/geographical boundary of the PoA Section A.7 provides geographic reference showing the activity is within the physical/geographical boundary of the PoA 3 Additionality Each VPA will satisfy the The VPA satisfies Yes Yes

33 CDM Executive Board Page 33 criteria for demonstrating additionality through one of the following options: 1. Option 1 Positive List End-users are households or institutions or SMEs Annual emission reductions of the VPA 60,000. Annual emission reductions of each sub-system 600 (i.e. 1 per cent of the small-scale limit of 60,000) No retro-active crediting 2. Option 2 GS Barrier Penetration of the technology(ies) employed under the VPA in the target area is less than 20% 3. Option 3 CDM Barriers Additionality is demonstrated as per the EB 70 Annex 8 Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality using one of the following barrier analysis: Investment barriers Technological barriers Other barriers additionality through Option 2 as shown in section D.2 by citing a study to show the penetration of the technology(ies) employed under the VPA in the target area is less than 20%. 4 De-Bundling As per Gold Standard methodology TPDDTEC, and according to GS Annex F, debundling provisions in EB 54 Report Annex 13 do not apply to Voluntary PoAs. The VPA does not require a debundling check as stated in section D.2. due to confirmation that the VPA uses TPDDTEC methodology. 5 Double Each VPA will utilize unique Example of the unique Yes Yes

34 CDM Executive Board Page 34 Counting identifiers for every appliance under the VPA designating that the appliances belong to a specific VPA. The unique identifier will be a sticker or tag with a unique image designating each appliance as part of the VPA. Transparent financial statements and invoices further help to prove that sales have actually occurred, and that the allocation of these sold units to a VPA have not been double counted either in financial transactions or in the POA. A logo/brand further ensures that the stove is not credited in another POA (other than the CME of this project). The CMEs master database of sales is verifiable against both the identifier and the financial record keeping. 6 Start Date Each VPA will prove that the start date of the VPA is on or after the start date of the PoA, or state that the VPA is claiming credits retroactively. The start date of the VPA is the date on which construction, implementation, or real action concerning the VPA began. identifiers as a photograph and adherence to the CME Management System for financial record keeping as provided to the DOE. Possible mechanisms provided at the time of validation are provided to the DOE, and summarized here: 1) Brand logo/label Better Life, or 2) A type of serialization an example of this would be [VPA# - Partner - ####]. At the time of verification the CME shall clarify which mechanism is most effective and shall credit only units that are clearly identified as belonging to the VPA. The start date of the VPA is shown through a purchase order of appliances. The start date of the VPA is set to the date that the first appliance for that VPA was originally purchased and included into the VPA. In this case the VPA implementer is the same as the CME, thus the start date will be the date of a purchase order and considered real action towards implementation after the POA start date. A purchase order for technology inventory intended for resale, or for raw material for the construction of an appliance, demonstrates real action towards beginning a carbon program. For this VPA, the start date is 19/12/2013 as demonstrated in a purchase order signifying the start date. The Yes

35 CDM Executive Board Page 35 7 Crediting Period 8 Public Funding 9 CME Approval Each VPA will have a renewable crediting period. Each VPA will confirm that it is not receiving funding dedicated as Official Development Assistance (ODA) through a two-stage process. The first stage is a statement by the VPA Implementer if it is receiving public funding. If the VPA is receiving public funding second statement is required from the funder affirming that the public funding is not ODA. Each VPA will prove it has received the approval of the CME of the PoA. 10 Methodology Each VPA will apply the GS methodology: Technologies and practices to displace decentralize thermal energy consumption Version 1.0 and adhere to all applicability conditions and other requirements of the methodology. 11 Target Group Each VPA targets households or institutions that prior to the implementation of the PoA use fossil fuels and/or nonrenewable biomass to boil and purify water for drinking as well as households using nonrenewable biomass or fossil fuel on an improved or unimproved stove to cook. 12 Sampling Each VPA will adhere to the sampling requirements stipulated by the CME in section C of the PoA-DD. 13 Stakeholder Consultation and Environmental Analysis Each VPA will conduct a Local Stakeholder Consultation and adhere to the Environmental Impact Analysis requirements of the host country. purchase order has been provided to the DOE. The type of crediting period selected in section A.9 A statement that the activity is not receiving public funding or the public funding is not ODA as provided to the DOE. A letter showing the CME has approved the VPA as provided to the DOE. Application of GS methodology: Technologies and practices to displace decentralize thermal energy consumption Version 1.0 as shown in section D.2. of the VPA-DD Target groups are households or institutions as shown in section D.2. of the VPA-DD Adherence to the sampling requirements of the PoA is shown in D.7.2 Summary of the Local Stakeholder Consultation, evidence that the consultation occurred, and evidence of adherence to the Environmental Impact Analysis requirements conducted at the VPA level is shown in sections Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

36 CDM Executive Board Page 36 B and C. 14 VER Ownership Each VPA will assure ownership of the VERs is secured by the CME. A statement by the VPA Implementer that it has yielded the rights to any VERs to the CME and that the VPA Implementer will ensure end-users and distributors yield their rights to VERs as well. Impact Carbon is the only VPA implementer for this VPA thus additional agreements with VPA implementing partners are not required. Yes As the project has yet to be fully implemented at the time of validation, all requisite agreements from end-users, suppliers/ subcontractors, and other relevant parties showing that the CME has ownership of any VERs generated by the activity will be provided to the DOE at the time of request for verification. 15 Distribution Each VPA will use one or multiple of the following methods for distribution of appliances implemented under the VPA: 1. Direct sale to endusers by the VPA Implementer 2. Bulk sales by the VPA Implementer to distributors who sell the appliances on to the end user 3. Distribution of appliances to the end-user by an organization Description of the distribution method is provided in section A.3.. Yes

37 CDM Executive Board Page 37 receiving the appliances from the VPA Implementer 16 Retroactive Crediting If there is retroactive crediting, then evidence of consideration of VER revenues prior to the start date shall be provided, or state that there is no retroactive crediting The VPA is not pursuing retroactive crediting. Yes D.6. Estimation of emission reductions D.6.1. Explanation of methodological choices For VPAs using the GS methodology Technologies and Practices to Displace Decentralized Thermal Energy Consumption, the methodology is applicable to programs or activities introducing technologies and/or practice that reduce or displace greenhouse gas emissions from the thermal consumption of households and non-domestic premises. Technologies employed under the VPA include both efficient cookstoves and low-carbon water purification technologies intended as technologies and/or practices under the methodology. For VPAs under the GS Methodology, the following conditions apply: 1. The project boundary can be clearly identified, and the technologies counted in the project are not included in another voluntary market or CDM project activity (i.e. no double counting takes place). Project proponents must have a survey mechanism in place together with appropriate mitigation measures so as to prevent double-counting in case of another similar activity with some of the target area in common. Measures to prevent double-counting are provided by in the CME manual to which the VPA will adhere. The CME Manual states: each appliance disseminated through the PoA shall have a unique identifier attached to ensure that double-counting does not occur. The VPA identifier of each appliance will be recorded in the project database alongside the name and address (where possible) of the users, where the database will not allow double entries of the serial number to be made. The serial numbers will also be recorded in hard-copy via the sales receipt. As per the monitoring plan in section B.7.2 below, the CME shall annually check a sample of appliances to ensure that: The recorded address/contact of the appliance end user is still correct; The appliances are still operational (as part of the monitoring procedure); The unique identifier corresponds with those on the appliances. If the address/contact is found to no longer comply with the database and the end user is found to be different to that listed in the sales receipt, the new user will be asked to sign and complete the Carbon Rights Waiver within a new sales receipt. All new details will be recorded in the database. Where the new user does not wish to sign a Carbon Rights Waiver, the system will be listed as no longer operational in the database (i.e. no further emissions reductions will be claimed). 2. The technologies each have continuous useful energy outputs of less than 150kW per unit. For technologies or practices that do not deliver thermal energy in the project scenario but only

38 CDM Executive Board Page 38 displace thermal energy supplied in the baseline scenario, the 150kW threshold applies to the displaced baseline technology. Technologies will have a continuous useful energy output of less than 150kW per unit or provide a service that replaces a baseline technology below this threshold. For water purification technologies, the highest performing technology (flow rate) is the Nandadeep UV Filter, which purifies water at a rate of 2 litres per minute as shown in section A.5. The continuous useful energy output of the UV filter is determined as follows. As the project technology does not generate heat, the continuous useful energy output of an equivalent service as provided by the project technology is measured. The equivalent service would be purifying water though boiling on an unimproved stove (i.e. heating water to 100 o C on a baseline technology assumed to have an efficiency of 10%). The specific energy consumption (SEC) required to boil one litre of water on an unimproved wood or charcoal stove is 3,575 kj, as demonstrated below. = , = 3,575 kj With being the specific heat of water (kj/l o C) being the final temperature ( o C) 20 being the start temperature ( o C) 2,260 being the latent heat of water evaporation (kj/l) being the efficiency of an unimproved stove water boiling system replaced As the project technology purifies 2 litres per minute (120 litres per hour), the continuous useful energy output of an equivalent service is: Useful Energy Output = 120 litres/hour * 3,575 kj Useful Energy Output = 428,976 kj/hour Converting kj/hour into kw is done through the conversion rate 1 kw = 3600 kj/hour. 34 Useful Energy Output = 119 kw It follows that the useful energy output of the Nandadeep UV Filter is below the 150 kw continuous useful energy output limit. As the Nandadeep UV Filter is the highest performing water purification technology as shown in the table in section A.5. it follows that the useful energy output of the other water purification technologies is below 150kW. For efficient cookstove technologies, the power output for the different technologies was tested by CIRCODU and yielded the following results: Firepower results for project stoves measured during standard WBTs conducted in March AMS-III.AV Version 4 33 AMS-III.AV Version

39 CDM Executive Board Page 39 Stove Technology AVERAGE FIREPOWER Cold Start Hot Start Simmer (kw) (kw) (kw) Ugastove EUF SESSA FOWE AES As shown the continuous energy output of the different technologies are below the 150kW output limit. 3. The project documentation must provide a clear description of the approach chosen and the monitoring plan must allow for a good understanding of the extent to which the baseline technology is still in use after the introduction of the improved technology. The use of the baseline technology as a backup or auxiliary technology in parallel with the improved technology introduced by the project activity is permitted as long as a mechanism is put into place to encourage removal of the old technology (e.g. discounted price for the improved technology) and the definitive discontinuity of its use. The success of the mechanism put into place must therefore be monitored, and the approach must be adjusted if proven unsuccessful. Monitoring shall monitor whether the existing baseline technology is not surrendered at the time of the introduction of the improved technology, or whether a new baseline technology is acquired and put to use by targeted end users during the project crediting period this can be monitored on a representative basis. The approach will be adjusted if proven unsuccessful. If an old technology remains in use in parallel with the improved technology, corresponding emissions must of course be accounted for as part of the project emissions which may be monitored on a representative basis. The project proponent has in place mechanisms to encourage the removal of the old technology through discounting the price of the improved technologies (through direct subsidy, low interest loans, payment plans, or other low cost financing mechanisms) and/or providing education and training on the local and global benefits of the technologies. The VPA Implementer will work with distributors of the VPA technologies so the subsidy is sufficient and technologies under the VPA are made affordable for the target groups. This may be done for example through focus groups coordinated by the distributors where surveys are conducted on financial indicators such as willingness to pay. The VPA Implementer, with the help of distributors, local government organizations, community groups, and/or non-profit organizations, will coordinate the education and training programs. The campaign will explain the benefits of the project technologies over baseline stove use, thus encouraging end users to cease their baseline practices. The success of this approach will be monitored by the CME and improved if found not to be effective. 4. The project proponent must clearly communicate to all project participants the entity that is claiming ownership rights of and selling the emission reductions resulting from the project activity. If the claimants are not the end users, the end users should be notified that they could not claim for emission reductions from the project. This must be communicated to the technology producers and the retailers of the improved technology or the renewable fuel in use in the project situation by contract or clear written assertions in the transaction paperwork. 35 Summary report and data sheets provided to the DOE

40 CDM Executive Board Page 40 As detailed in the LSC and GS passport, in the VPA the transfer of credits and ownership is managed as follows: Impact Carbon (the CME and VPA Implementer) signs a contract with the cookstove and water filter/treatment partner organization that disseminates these technologies to ensure that the emissions reductions produced are included in this project and this project alone. The partner organization explains the concept of carbon credits to the end-user. This concept is explained both verbally and in a written waiver. The partner organization sings a waiver with each end-user, recognizing the end-user s title to the emission reductions and transferring it to the partner organization, which then transfers it to the CME. These signed carbon titles are retained for all installations and reviewed on an annually by an independent auditor. The CME and the partner organization consult with participating clean energy product suppliers to clarify that credits are not included in other projects and will be included only under the PoA in question. 5. Project activities making use of a new biomass feedstock in the project (e.g. shift from nonrenewable to green charcoal, plant oil, or renewable biomass briquettes) must comply with relevant Gold Standard specific requirements for biomass related project activities. Not applicable to the VPA. Following GS Methodology Technologies and practices to displace decentralized thermal energy consumption Version 1, under paragraph IV.A project activities employing a non-renewable biomass (NRB) baseline must identify the fractional non-renewability of biomass. Following Annex 1 of the GS methodology project proponents should determine the share of renewable and non-renewable woody biomass using data from surveys, reports, published literature, and government records that is reliable and credible. The VPA applies the following methodological choices: Continued Boiling in Project Households According to the GS TAC June 2012 Update, the following revision was made to Annex A (safe water supply) of the methodology Technologies and Practices to Displace Decentralized Thermal Energy Consumption : a. It was decided to allow project developers to choose between the following two options with respect to the consideration of raw water boiled in the project situation: i. Apply the current provisions of the methodology whereby data is collected on raw water boiled after introduction of water treatment technology and a cap of 7.5 l/p/d is applied on the total amount of treated water for consumption per person per day, including water needed for cooking. In this situation the definitions of Lbl,i,y and Lpj,i,y remain as described in the methodology. ii. Do NOT monitor the raw water boiled in the project situation and apply a cap of 6 l/p/d is applied on the amount of water treated by the water treatment technology for drinking water, hand washing and food washing. The 6 l/p/d cap is set so as to account for the crediting of water used for hand and food washing, in the absence of figures from WHO on minimum service level for hand and food washing (basic hygiene). In such a case, the definitions of Lbl,i,y and Lpj,i,y are therefore revised. Lbl,i,y is defined as the total amount of raw water treated with the water treatment technology. Lpj,i,y is defined as the total amount of treated water that is still boiled.

41 CDM Executive Board Page 41 This VPA selects option ii, and will place a cap of 6 l/p/d is applied on the amount of water treated by the water treatment technology for drinking water, hand washing and food washing. It follows that the parameter Q j,rawboil is not included in the emission reduction calculations. Implications of Dual Technologies in KPT Baseline and Project Scenario Testing In the GS Methodology. the fuel savings and associated emissions reductions from improved cookstoves is quantified by a baseline and project KPT, while the fuel savings from displaced water boiling are quantified through monitoring the project scenario in an ex-ante WCFT. Measuring fuel consumption in this manner may lead to double counting emission reductions from water displacement because the fuel used to boil water is captured in both the baseline KPT and WCFT. For example, consider a household whose baseline scenario is a three stone fire used for cooking and water boiling and whose project scenario is an improved stove and water filter. The baseline KPT for this household would capture all fuel used (including water boiling), while the project KPT would only be capturing the fuel used for cooking because the presence of a filter eliminates (most of) the need to boil water. Therefore, fuel savings from water would be counted both in the efficient use of fuel use from the KPT and in fuel displacement of the WCFT. In order to capture an accurate comparison of baseline-project KPTs, the testing must disaggregate how much fuel is being used in the baseline for cooking and how much fuel is being used to boil water (if any). Since this is a difficult task that has the potential to disturb normal household practices, the project will conduct baseline KPTs in households with filters in order to capture the quantity of fuel that is consumed in the baseline exclusive of the fuel used for purifying water by boiling. Leakage Assessment The leakage assessment is assessed ex-post at least every two years. A leakage investigation will be conducted every two years using relevant survey methods that can be combined with monitoring surveys as is applicable. The following potential sources of leakage are investigated: 1) The displaced baseline technologies are reused outside the project boundary in place of lower emitting technology or in a manner suggesting more usage than would have occurred in the absence of the project. 2) The non-renewable biomass or fossil fuels saved under the project activity are used by non-project users who previously used lower emitting energy sources. 3) The project significantly impacts the NRB fraction within an area where other CDM or VER project activities account for NRB fraction in their baseline scenario. 4) The project population compensates for loss of the space heating effect of inefficient technology by adopting some other form of heating or by retaining some use of inefficient technology. 5) By virtue of promotion and marketing of a new technology with high efficiency, the project stimulates substitution within households who commonly used a technology with relatively lower emissions, in cases where such a trend is not eligible as an evolving baseline. Emissions from Transportation, Delivery and Installation of Water Purification Systems in Baseline and Project Scenarios will be monitored and assessed every two years.

42 CDM Executive Board Page 42 D.6.2. Data and parameters that are to be reported ex-ante The following parameters will be reported ex-ante for both stove and water technologies: Data / Parameter Unit Description Source of data Value(s) applied Choice of data or Measurement methods and procedures Purpose of data Additional comment EF b,co2 tco 2 /TJ CO 2 emission factor arising from use of fuel in baseline scenario IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 2:Energy, Table 1.4 Wood: 112 tco 2 /TJ Charcoal: 112 tco 2 /TJ Natural Gas : 56.1 tco 2 /TJ Default emission factors Determination of baseline emissions

43 CDM Executive Board Page 43 Data / Parameter Unit Description Source of data Value(s) applied Choice of data or Measurement methods and procedures EF b, nonco2 tco 2 /TJ Non-CO 2 emission factor arising from use of fuel in baseline scenario IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 2:Energy, Table 2.5 Default emission factors: FUEL TYPE COMBINED CH4+N20 EF (t-eqco2/tj) WOOD CHARCOAL LPG The values applied are from IPCC on non-co2 emissions from stationary combustion 36, and multiplied by equivalent CO 2 global warming potentials (GWWP) for CH 4 and N 2 O of 21 and 298, respectively, which yields the following non-co 2 emission factors 37 : WOOD EF (tnon-co2/tj) GWP EF (t-eqco2/tj) CH N CH4+N20 N/A N/A Charcoal EF (tnon-co2/tj) GWP EF (t-eqco2/tj) CH N CH4+N20 N/A N/A Purpose of data Additional comment LPG EF (tnon-co2/tj) GWP EF (t-eqco2/tj) CH N CH4+N20 N/A N/A Determination of baseline emissions Term can include a combination of emission factors from fuel production, transport, and use

44 CDM Executive Board Page 44 EF p,co2 Data / Parameter Unit tco 2 /TJ Description CO2 emission factor arising from use of fuel in project scenario Source of data IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Table 1.4 Value(s) applied Choice of data or Measurement methods and procedures Purpose of data Additional comment Wood: 112 tco 2 /TJ Charcoal: 112 tco 2 /TJ Natural Gas : 56.1 tco 2 /TJ Default emission factors Determination of project emissions

45 CDM Executive Board Page 45 Data / Parameter Unit Description Source of data Value(s) applied Choice of data or Measurement methods and procedures EF p, nonco2 tco 2 /TJ Non-CO 2 emission factor arising from use of fuel in project scenario IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 2:Energy, Table 2.5 Default emission factors: FUEL TYPE COMBINED CH4+N20 EF (t-eqco2/tj) WOOD CHARCOAL LPG The values applied are from IPCC on non-co2 emissions from stationary combustion 38, and multiplied by equivalent CO 2 global warming potentials (GWWP) for CH 4 and N 2 O of 21 and 298, respectively, which yields the following non-co 2 emission factors 39 : WOOD EF (tnon-co2/tj) GWP EF (t-eqco2/tj) CH N CH4+N20 N/A N/A Charcoal EF (tnon-co2/tj) GWP EF (t-eqco2/tj) CH N CH4+N20 N/A N/A Purpose of data Additional comment LPG EF (tnon-co2/tj) GWP EF (t-eqco2/tj) CH N CH4+N20 N/A N/A Determination of project emissions Term can include a combination of emission factors from fuel production, transport, and use. This has same value as EFbaseline in projects which reduce use of the same fuel

46 CDM Executive Board Page 46 Data / Parameter NCV b Unit TJ/ton Description Net Calorific value of the fuels used in the baseline Source of data IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Table 1.2 Value(s) applied Wood: TJ/tonne Charcoal: TJ/tonne Natural Gas: TJ/tonne Choice of data Default NCVs as determined by the IPCC. Default values are considered the or international standard for greenhouse gas accounting and are the most widely Measurement accepted values used for determining emissions accounting. methods and procedures Purpose of data Determination of baseline emissions Additional comment Data / Parameter NCV p Unit TJ/ton Description Net Calorific value of the fuels used in the baseline Source of data IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Table 1.2 Value(s) applied Wood: TJ/tonne Charcoal: TJ/tonne Natural Gas: TJ/tonne Choice of data Default NCVs as determined by the IPCC. Default values are considered the or international standard for greenhouse gas accounting and are the most widely Measurement accepted values used for determining emissions accounting. methods and procedures Purpose of data Determination of project emissions Additional comment The following parameters will be reported ex-ante for water technologies only:

47 CDM Executive Board Page 47 Data / Parameter C Unit Percentage Description Portion of users of project technology who were already in baseline consuming safe water without boiling it Source of data Uganda Demographic Health Study Value(s) applied The Ugandan Demographic Health Study, Housing Characteristics and Household Population shows in Table 2.1 on Page 12, that 4.1% of total population use some form of non-boiling effective water treatment (water guard 2.8%, Bleach/Chlorine added 0.2%, Ceramic, sand, or other filter 0.5%, solar disinfection 0.1%, other 0.4%). C = =4.1 C = 4.1% 40 Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Uganda Demographic Health Study Accessed on January 15 th, 2014 at

48 CDM Executive Board Page 48 Choice of data or Measurement methods and procedures This parameter will be updated ex-post. Here we supply ex-ante values from Uganda Demographic Health Study 2011 (UDHS), which is representative of the population within the national project boundary of Uganda. DHS study was designed to be representative of the national Ugandan population, which is the same as the target population of this VPA (Uganda). The nationally representative study design was conducted as follows: A nationally representative sample of 10,086 households was selected for the UDHS. The sample was selected in two stages. In the first stage, 404 enumeration areas (EAs) were selected from among a list of clusters sampled for the 2009/10 Uganda National Household Survey (2010 UNHS). This matching of samples was done to allow linking of the 2011 UDHS health indicators to poverty data from the 2010 UNHS. The clusters in the UNHS were selected from the 2002 Population Census sample frame. In the second stage of sampling, households in each cluster were selected from a complete listing of households, which was updated prior to the survey. Households were purposively selected from those listed. All households in the 2010 UNHS that were in the 404 EAs were included in the UDHS sample. All women age who were either permanent residents of the households or visitors who slept in the households the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. In addition, in a subsample of one-third of households selected for the survey, all men age were eligible to be interviewed if they were either permanent residents or visitors who slept in the household on the night before the survey. When applying DHS data, the PP shall also provide evidence to substantiate that households and institutions do not have access to safe water from a piped source. Institutions or households using piped water shall demonstrate that the water quality is not safe. This may be demonstrated through the use of a protocol developed by the PP in line with the WHO guidelines for accessing public distribution networks, following the Manual for Sanitation Inspection and Water Quality Analysis. Any house or institution found to have safe water from a piped source shall be excluded from crediting for the year in which it was found to have received safe water. This protocol for assessing the quality of water from piped water shall be assessed on a sample basis and will required 90/10 confidence/precision. The results will be applied to the target population that is found to already be using piped water. Purpose of data Additional comment Determination of baseline emissions D.6.3. Ex-ante calculation of emission reductions Efficient Cookstoves

49 CDM Executive Board Page 49 For ERs from efficient cookstoves, when the baseline fuel and the project fuel are the same and the baseline emission factor and project emission are considered the same, the overall GHG reductions achieved by the project activity in year y are calculated as follows: =,,!, ",, #,$%&' ()*, + $%&',,-. ++ $%&',/0/,-. 1, Equation (1) Where: Σ,, Sum over all relevant (baseline b/project p) couples Cumulative number of project technology-days included in the project database for project scenario p against baseline scenario b in year y!, Cumulative usage rate for technologies in project scenario p in year y, based on cumulative adoption rate and drop off rate revealed by usage surveys (fraction) ",, Specific fuel savings for an individual technology of project p against an individual technology of baseline b in year y, in tons/day, as derived from the statistical analysis of the data collected from the field tests ()*, #,$%&' Fraction of biomass used in year y for baseline scenario b that can be established as nonrenewable biomass Net calorific value of the fuel that is substituted or reduced (IPCC default for wood fuel, Tj/ton) + $%&',,-. CO 2 emission factor of the fuel that is substituted or reduced (112 tco 2 /Tj for Wood/Wood Waste, or the IPCC default value of other relevant fuel) + $%&',/0/,-. Non-CO 2 emission factor of the fuel that is reduced 1, Leakage for project scenario p in year (tco 2 e/yr) For ERs from efficient cookstoves, when the baseline fuel and the project fuel are different and/or the emission factors are different, the overall GHG reductions achieved by the project activity in year y are calculated as follows: =,,!, ()*,,,,,-. +,,,/0/3,-. 1, Equation (2) Where: Σ,, Sum over all relevant (baseline b/project p) couples Cumulative number of project technology-days included in the project database for project scenario p against baseline scenario b in year y!, Cumulative usage rate for technologies in project scenario p in year y, based on cumulative adoption rate and drop off rate revealed by usage surveys (fraction)

50 CDM Executive Board Page 50 ()*,,,,,-. Fraction of biomass used in year y for baseline scenario b that can be established as nonrenewable biomass Specific CO 2 emission savings for an individual technology of project p against an individual technology of baseline b in year y, in tco 2 /day, and as derived from the statistical analysis of the data collected from the field tests,,,/0/3,-. Specific non-co 2 emission savings for an individual technology of project j against an individual technology of baseline b in year y, converted in tcoe2/year, and as derived from the statistical analysis of the data collected from the field tests 1, Leakage for project scenario p in year (tco 2 e/yr) Water Purification Technologies For water purification technologies the overall GHG reductions achieved by the project activity in year y are calculated as follows: ER y = ( BE b,y PE p,y ) U p,y LE p,y Equation (3) Where: U p,y Cumulative usage rate for technologies in project scenario p during year y, based on cumulative installation rate and drop off rate. And:, =, 45 ()*,, +,$%&',,-. 6++,$%&',/0/,-. 7 #,$%&' Equation (4) PE p,y = B p,y (( f NRB, p,y EF p, fuel,co2 )+ EF p, fuel,nonco2 ) NCV p, fuel Equation (5) With:, = , 9 :, ; 8, Equation (6) Where: N j,y C j B b,y Q p,y W b,y Number of person-days consuming water supplied by project scenario p through year y Expressed as a percentage, this is the portion of users of the project technology j or who in the baseline were already consuming safe water without boiling it Quantity of fuel consumed in baseline scenario b during the year y in tons Quantity of safe water in litres consumed in the project scenario p and supplied by project technology per person per day Quantity of wood fuel or fossil fuel in tons required to treat 1 litre of water using technologies representative of the project scenario p during project year y And:

51 CDM Executive Board Page 51, = , 9, ;,<'&=/0:', Equation (7) Where: N p,y C j B p,y Q p,cleanboil,y W b,y Number of person-days consuming water supplied by project scenario p through year y Expressed as a percentage, this is the portion of users of the project technology j or who in the baseline were already consuming safe water without boiling it Quantity of fuel consumed in project scenario p during the year y in tons Quantity of safe water boiled in the project scenario p per person per day Quantity of wood fuel or fossil fuel in tons required to treat 1 litre of water using technologies representative of the project scenario p during project year y Some households may utilize both technology types under a GS VPA, i.e. have water purification and efficient cookstove technologies in the same household. The calculation of ERs from the water purification technologies and efficient cookstove remains the same, but the baseline scenario is different and a separate series of KPTs is performed to determine baseline wood use with only a water purification technology. The total emission reductions claimed by the VPA during a crediting period is the sum of the emission reductions from efficiency cookstoves and water purification. In the sample calculation of ERs below, monitored parameters are given assumed values for the sake of the ER calculation. Sample Calculation for Efficient Cookstove Technology: For the sample calculation it is assumed that 3,000 full-time appliances were in operation during the monitoring period. Of the 3,000 appliances it is assumed they are spread across the baseline/project scenario combinations as follows: The usage rate is 0.9 and specific fuel savings per appliance is t/appliance/day. The project applies a default ()* value of 0.82 and default NCV and CO2 emission values for fuel is used for the non-co2 emission factor. The fuel saved is biomass and leakage is assumed to be 500 tonnes of CO 2. = 3, = 6,830 Sample Calculation for Water Purification Technology: For the sample calculation it is assumed that 1,000,000 person-days of operation occurred during the monitoring period. The usage rate is 0.9, proportion of users in the project scenario already using clean water is 4.1%, and water consumed per person per day during the project is 5.5 l/p/d. The fuel saved in the baseline is biomass and leakage is assumed to be 100 tonnes of CO 2, = ,000, ,000, = 1,584

52 CDM Executive Board Page 52, = ,000, ,000, = 0 = 1, = 2,454 " = " = 0 = 2, = 2,109 D.6.4. Summary of the ex-ante estimates of emission reductions Baseline Project emissions Year emissions (t CO (t CO 2 e) 2 e) Leakage (t CO 2 e) Year 1 11, ,188 Year 2 23, ,269 24,529 Year 3 29, ,550 30,978 Year 4 37,313 1,284 1,856 37,885 Year 5 43,802 1,605 2,137 44,334 Year 6 50,291 1,926 2,418 50,783 Year 7 57,085 2,408 2,997 57,385 Total 253,380 7,866 2, ,082 Total number 7 of crediting years Annual 36,197 1,795 36,869 average over the crediting period 1,124 D.7. Application of the monitoring methodology and description of the monitoring plan D.7.1. Data and parameters to be monitored Emission reductions (t CO 2 e) The following parameters are monitored to determine the ERs from efficient stove technologies:

53 CDM Executive Board Page 53 f NRB,i,y Data / Parameter Unit Fractional non-renewability Description Non-renewability status of woody biomass fuel in scenario i during year y Source of data Default Values of Fraction of Non-Renewable Biomass published by the CDM Board Value(s) applied 0.82 Measurement Applicable NRB assessment methods and procedures Monitoring Fixed by baseline study for a given crediting period, updated if necessary as frequency specified in section III.1 QA/QC procedures Transparent data analysis and reporting Purpose of data Determination of baseline emissions Additional comment As applicable, NRB assessment may be used for multiple scenarios P b,y Data / Parameter Unit Kg/household-day, kg/person-meal, etc. Description Quantity of fuel that is consumed in baseline scenario b during year y Source of data Baseline FT, baseline FT updates, and any applicable adjustment factors Value(s) applied 9.6 Measurement As per baseline FT, which will follow procedures outlined in Annex 4 of methods and methodology. procedures Monitoring Updated every two years, or more frequently frequency QA/QC procedures Transparent data analysis and reporting. Purpose of data Determination of baseline emissions Additional comment A single baseline fuel consumption parameter is weighted to be representative of baseline technologies being compared for project crediting

54 CDM Executive Board Page 54 P p,y Data / Parameter Unit Kg/household-day Description Quantity of fuel that is consumed in project scenario p during year y Source of data Total sales record, Project FT, project FT updates, and any applicable adjustment factors Value(s) applied 4.8 Measurement As per project FT, which will follow procedures outlined in Annex 4 of methods and methodology. procedures Monitoring Updated every two years, or more frequently frequency QA/QC procedures Transparent data analysis and reporting Purpose of data Determination of project emissions Additional comment Monitoring shall also monitor whether the existing baseline technology is not surrendered at the time of the introduction of the improved technology, or whether a new baseline technology is acquired and put to use by targeted end users during the project crediting period this can be monitored on a representative basis. The approach will be adjusted if proven unsuccessful. Field tests that measure the quantity of fuel consumed in the project scenario shall, if applicable, account for continued use of baseline stoves and associated fuel consumption. U p,y Data / Parameter Unit Percentage Description Usage rate in project scenario p during year y Source of data Annual usage survey Value(s) applied 0.9 Measurement The sample size will be sufficient to meet 90/30 confidence/precision (90/10 methods and for single sample tests). The lower bound of the one-sided 90% confidence procedures interval may optionally be used as an alternative to the 90/30 rule. The lower bound may only be used during the first two years of the crediting period. Monitoring Annual or more frequently, in all cases on time for any request for issuance frequency QA/QC procedures Transparent data analysis and reporting. Purpose of data Determination of baseline emissions Additional comment A single usage parameter is weighted to be representative of the quantity of project appliances of each age being credited in a given project scenario.

55 CDM Executive Board Page 55 Data / Parameter Unit Description N p,y Project technologies credited (units) Product sales that are recorded in the project database for project scenario p through year y Source of data Total sales record Value(s) applied Year Value , , ,500 Measurement methods and procedures Monitoring frequency QA/QC procedures Purpose of data Additional comment The total sales record is divided based on project scenario clusters to create the project database organized by month and year Continuous Transparent data analysis and reporting Determination of baseline emissions

56 CDM Executive Board Page 56 Data / Parameter Unit Description Source of data Value(s) applied Measurement methods and procedures Monitoring frequency QA/QC procedures Purpose of data Additional comment LE p,y T_CO 2 e per year Leakage in the project scenario p through year y Baseline and monitoring surveys For the purposes of the ex-ante estimations, emission reductions are multiplied by This is an assumption only for the purposes of the ex-ante estimation of emission reductions and the actual value for leakage will be determined ex-post. As per baseline and monitoring surveys. Sampling methods for data collection will follow methodological requirements. Leakage will be assessed through monitoring surveys. Survey respondents will be asked questions related to the following topics: if baseline technologies are being reused outside of the project boundary if non-renewable biomass or fossil fuels saved under the VPA are used outside of the project boundary if end-users are compensating for a loss of space-heating effects from the baseline technology by adopting some other form of heating or retaining an inefficient technology if the promotion and marketing of the project technologies is encouraging households using a less polluting technology to adopt the project technology instead. Survey respondents who admit to contributing to any of the above situations will have emissions equivalent to their estimated emission reductions counted as leakage. Every two years Transparent data analysis and reporting Determination of leakage Aggregate leakage can be assessed for multiple project scenarios, if appropriate The following parameters are monitored to determine the ERs from water purification technologies:

57 CDM Executive Board Page 57 Data / Parameter Qp,y Unit Litres per person per day Description Quantity of safe water supplied in the project scenario p during year y, using the zero or low emissions clean water supply technology Source of data Water consumption field test WCFT Value(s) applied 5.5 Measurement As per WCFT, which will be conducted with end users representative of methods and project scenario target population and currently using the project technology. procedures Monitoring As per FT updates frequency QA/QC procedures Transparent data analysis and reporting. Use of personnel extensively trained in conducting WCFTs. Results of the test will be reviewed by additional personnel trained in conducting the test. The remuneration of both the party undertaking the test and the party reviewing the result will not be linked to the performance of the VPA. Purpose of data Determination of baseline emissions Additional comment Data / Parameter Qp,cleanboil,y Unit Litres per person per day Description Quantity of safe (treated, or from safe supply) water boiled in the project scenario p, after installation of the project technology Source of data Water consumption field test WCFT Value(s) applied 0.0 Measurement As per WCFT, which will be conducted with end users representative of methods and project scenario target population and currently using the project technology. procedures Monitoring As per FT updates frequency QA/QC procedures Transparent data analysis and reporting is ensured through the use of personnel extensively trained in conducting WCFTs. Results of the test will be reviewed by additional personnel trained in conducting the test. The remuneration of both the party undertaking the test and the party reviewing the result will not be linked to the performance of the VPA. Purpose of data Determination of baseline emissions Additional comment

58 CDM Executive Board Page 58 Data / Parameter Unit Description Source of data Value(s) applied Measurement methods and procedures Quality of treated water As appropriate in alignment with QA/QC procedures Performance of treatment technology FT updates Pass/Fail As per FT. Water quality testing may be conducted either in the field or by transportation to laboratories; in all cases the testing approach must be described fully in monitoring reports, credible 3 rd party endorsement must be included, and the appropriateness of the testing approach must by justified. In cases where the effectiveness of project technologies may be indicated reliably through proxies, such as reliable evidence that they are being maintained and used correctly in accordance with manufacturers or installers, then the FTs may capture such evidence of water quality in place of chemical and biological indicator tests. Again, credible 3 rd party endorsements of FT reports are required. The effluent will be tested to meet, at a minimum, the interim performance targets of Evaluating household water treatment options: Health based targets and microbiological performance specifications (WHO, 2011). As per the World Health Organizations Guidelines 41 it is more cost-effective and feasible to monitor indicator organisms such as E.coli. Monitoring of proxies such as E.coli, faecal coliform counts, chlorine levels will be used to assess water quality. A proportion of all water purified by the technology type equal to the proportion of the samples that did not meet the requirements since the previous test (or from usage start date if no previous tests were performed) will be removed from the quantity of purified water for the purposes of the emission reduction calculation. Monitoring As per FT updates frequency QA/QC procedures The sample size will be sufficient to meet 90/30 confidence/precision (90/10 for single sample tests). The lower bound of the one-sided 90% confidence interval may optionally be used as an alternative to the 90/30 rule. The lower bound may only be used during the first two years of the crediting period. Purpose of data Determination of project baseline emissions Additional comment 41 WHO 'Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Fourth Edition Page 41

59 CDM Executive Board Page 59 U p,y Data / Parameter Unit Percentage Description Usage rate in project scenario p during year y Source of data Annual usage survey Value(s) applied 0.9 Measurement The sample size will be sufficient to meet 90/30 confidence/precision (90/10 methods and for single sample tests). The lower bound of the one-sided 90% confidence procedures interval may optionally be used as an alternative to the 90/30 rule. The lower bound may only be used during the first two years of the crediting period. Monitoring frequency QA/QC procedures Purpose of data Additional comment Usage monitoring will also check that electricity used for any unit during operation is zero emission, meaning that units using fossil fuel or an electricity supply that is not 100% renewable during operation are prohibited from being credited and will be considered not in usage for the purposes of usage surveys. Ongoing usage survey monitoring will capture whether units are continuing to use renewable sources of electricity for operation. Units found to be using fossil fuels or an electricity supply that is not 100% renewable during operation will be considered not in use and therefore incorporated into the usage rate. Annual or more frequently, in all cases on time for any request for issuance Transparent data analysis and reporting. Determination of baseline emissions A single usage parameter is weighted to be representative of the quantity of project appliances of each age being credited in a given project scenario.

60 CDM Executive Board Page 60 Data / Parameter Unit Description N p,y Person-days Number of persons consuming water supplied by project scenario p through year y For institutional water users in community settings (specifically, for Chlorine Kiosks and Chlorine Dispensers), this value is determined per the following equation: P y,water-comm,i = N * Adoption * Phh = Number of persons adopting a dispenser or kiosk. Where: N = List of HH s using water point with technology, provided by promoter or households nearest to the water point. This will be collected for a random and representative sample of community units which will be visited and the appropriate community contact with the most exposure to the unit will be surveyed to collect a comprehensive list of all households using the water point where the unit is located. Adoption = Random sampling drawn from list of N households using technology. Adoption then measured as a percentage of households using the water point who are verified through household visits as users of the technology. P hh = Average number of persons per household for households verified to be using the technology Source of data Value(s) applied Measurement methods and procedures Monitoring frequency QA/QC procedures Purpose of data Additional comment Water consumption field test WCFT Year Value 1 5,000, ,000, ,500, ,000, ,500, ,000, ,500,000 Data to determine average number of persons consuming water supplied per project technology will be collected during WCFT. As per WCFT updates Transparent data analysis and reporting. Determination of baseline emissions

61 CDM Executive Board Page 61 Data / Parameter Unit Description Source of data Value(s) applied Measurement methods and procedures Monitoring frequency QA/QC procedures Purpose of data Additional comment LE p,y T_CO 2 e per year Leakage in the project scenario p through year y Baseline and monitoring surveys 0.95 of Emission Reductions is assumed for the purpose of estimating exante ERs Leakage will be assessed through monitoring surveys. Sampling methods for data collection will follow methodological requirements. Survey respondents will be asked questions related to the following topics: if baseline technologies are being reused outside of the project boundary if non-renewable biomass or fossil fuels saved under the VPA are used outside of the project boundary if end-users are compensating for a loss of space-heating effects from the baseline technology by adopting some other form of heating or retaining an inefficient technology if the promotion and marketing of the project technologies is encouraging households using a less polluting technology to adopt the project technology instead. Survey respondents who admit to contributing to any of the above situations will have emissions equivalent to their estimated emission reductions counted as leakage. The VPA implementer will also conduct a leakage assessment from transportation. Every two years Transparent data analysis and reporting Determination of leakage Aggregate leakage can be assessed for multiple project scenarios, if appropriate Data / Parameter: Data unit: Description: Source of data: W b,y Kilograms/Litre Quantity of wood fuel or fossil fuel required to boil 1 litre of water using technologies representative of the baseline scenario b during project year y Baseline water boiling test; either conducted freshly or as reported/published in reliable literature relevant to the project target population

62 CDM Executive Board Page 62 Value(s) applied Specified at the time of first Verification. The following is assumed only for the purposes of estimating ex-ante ERs. Actual testing values will be provided to the DOE at the time of first verification: Unimproved Wood Stove: Improved Wood Stove: Unimproved Charcoal Stove: Improved Charcoal Stove: Fossil Fuel Stove: Measurement methods and procedures: Monitoring frequency: QA/QC procedures: Purpose of data Additional comment: The baseline water boiling test (BWBT) is conducted prior to verification to calculate the quantity of fuel required to purify by boiling one litre of water for 10 minutes using technologies and fuels representative of the baseline scenario (Wb,y). The BWBT will be conducted using the 90/30 rule for selection of samples, accounting for variability in the types of prevalent baseline technologies. Baseline only; Should be updated if ongoing monitoring surveys show that baseline water boiling technologies change over time Transparent data analysis and reporting Determination of fuel consumed to boil one liter of water. If the monitoring surveys reveal that the same water boiling technologies are prevalent in the baseline and project scenarios, Wb,y and Wp,y are equal. The BWBT should be updated if monitoring surveys show that water boiling technologies change over time. Data / Parameter: Data unit: Description: Source of data: Value(s) applied Measurement methods and procedures: W p,y Kilograms/Litre Quantity of wood fuel or fossil fuel required to boil 1 litre of water using technologies representative of the project scenario p during project year y Project water boiling test; either conducted freshly or as reported/published in reliable literature relevant to the project target population 0 is assumed only for the purposes of estimating ex-ante ERs: The project water boiling test (PWBT) is conducted to calculate the quantity of fuel required to purify by boiling one litre of water for 10 minutes using technologies and fuels representative of the project scenario (Wp,y). The PWBT will be conducted using the 90/30 rule for selection of samples, accounting for variability in the types of prevalent project technologies. Monitoring frequency: QA/QC procedures: Purpose of data Should be updated whenever new water boiling technologies are introduced over time. Transparent data analysis and reporting Determination of fuel consumed to boil one liter of water.

63 CDM Executive Board Page 63 Additional comment: If the monitoring surveys reveal that the same water boiling technologies are prevalent in the baseline and project scenarios, Wb,y and Wp,y are equal. The BWBT should be updated if monitoring surveys show that water boiling technologies change over time. D.7.2. Description of the monitoring plan The monitoring plan for the VPA adheres to the requirements and guidelines of the GS methodology. The VPA implementer will maintain a sales record as part of the project database, which is updated continuously, i.e. as technologies are sold/distributed. This data is collected from sales receipts that also include a carbon rights waiver. Sales receipts will be collected from all product distributors and compiled by the CME for the sales record/project database. Technologies and/or end users are selected from the sales record for surveying. The operational and management structure, including roles and responsibilities for monitoring are detailed in the CME Manual and have been provided to the DOE. A summary of the operational and management team are provided here: Management Structure: Operational Structure:

64 CDM Executive Board Page 64 The sales record will be backed up electronically and will contain at a minimum: 1. Date of purchase by the end user 2. Geographic area of sale 3. Model/type of project technologies sold 4. Quantity of project technologies sold 5. Name and telephone number (if available), and address (this information is required for all bulk purchasers, i.e. retailers and industrial users) 6. Model of use: domestic, commercial, other Data will be collected for all end users unless it is not feasible. The quantity of appliances sold, model/type of technology, as well as date of purchase is collected for every appliance under a VPA and are measured continuously. The remaining data is collected for at least 10 times the monitoring sample size and representative of the volume of different technologies operating under the project activity. The project database of appliances for which end user contact information was collected makes up the sampling frame for parameters described below that are determined via sampling. End users selected to have their contact information stored for monitoring purposes will be informed at the time that they may be contacted at a later date and asked questions about the appliance and their usage of it. Explaining this to the selected end users clarifies why their contact information is collected and increases their responsiveness. Using the project database, the CME shall annually check a representative sample of appliances to ensure that: The recorded address/contact of the appliance end user is still correct; The appliances are still operational (as part of the monitoring procedure); The unique identifier corresponds with those on the appliances. For appliances where the address/contact is found to no longer comply with the database and the end user is found to be different to that listed in the sales receipt, the new user will be asked to sign and complete the Carbon Rights Waiver within a new sales receipt. All new details will be recorded in the database. Where the new user does not wish to sign a Carbon Rights Waiver, the system will be listed as no longer operational in the database (i.e. no further emissions reductions will be claimed). As the project has yet to be fully implemented at the time of validation, all requisite carbon waiver agreements from end-users, suppliers/ subcontractors, and other relevant parties showing that the CME has ownership of any VERs generated by the activity will be provided to the DOE at the time of request for verification. Monitoring studies are conducted for each project scenario following verification of the associated initial baseline studies. The monitoring studies define parameters that could not be determined at the time of the initial project studies or that change with time.

65 CDM Executive Board Page 65 Some parameters necessary for the calculation of ERs under a GS VPA are determined through sampling. To meet the requirements of the GS methodology testing and surveying approaches undertaken to determine ERs under the VPA will be: Transparent and easy to replicate Evidently conservative Based on a sample that is randomly selected so as not to introduce material bias Account for the impact of daily and seasonal variations of parameters affected by seasons (e.g. wet and dry seasons). The specific methods for meeting the requirements of the GS methodology will be described in the monitoring report as the method may be adjusted in future to ensure seasonal variations are acc. For example, monitoring may be conducted during different times of the year to account for effects such as seasonal variation, number of people in the households, etc. The baseline and project performance field tests (BFT and PFT) measure real, observed technology performance in the field. The FTs will be undertaken by using either testing a paired sample (baseline and project performance measured for same subjects) or by independent sampling (different subjects, and usually different sample sizes, for baseline and project scenarios); where applicable a single sample test may be conducted. The findings of the performance field tests can be submitted post-registration. For monitored parameters that are proportions using multi-stage sampling, the amount of households to be visited in each group is determined and then the mininum number of groups to be sampled is calculated. The equation to deterine the number of groups is shown below. Equation (8) Where: c = Number of groups to be sampled M = Total number of groups in the population u = Number of households to be specified in each group N = Average units per group 2 SD b = unit variance 2 SD w = average of the group variances p = overall proportion = Represents the 90% confidence required 0.1 = represents the 10% relative precision This equation will be used to estimate the initial sample size. If the required level of accuracy (confidence/precision) is not achieved the sample size can be expanded or alternatively within the first two years of the crediting period the appropriate lower bound (90 or 95 per cent depending on the confidence required) will be used. For the purpose of determining the minimum sample size the following assumptions are made: M = 120 groups u = 10

66 CDM Executive Board Page 66 N = 50 2 SD b = SD w = 0.3 p = 0.5 The assumptions above in equation 8 yield:? 8.5 It follows that the minimum groups to be sampled is 9. For monitored parameters that are averages using multi-stage sampling, the amount of households to be visited in each group is determined and then the mininum number of groups to be sampled is calculated. The equation to deterine the number of groups is shown below. Equation (9) c = Number of groups to be sampled M = Total number of groups in the population u = Number of households to be specified in each group N = Average units per group SD b = variance between groups SD w = average of the group variances = Represents the 90% confidence required 0.1 = represents the 10% relative precision FT Sampling Design Where: i. Objectives and Reliability Requirements: to determine the average amount of project technology fuel savings by measuring mean values for P b,y (quantity of fuel that is consumed in baseline scenario b, during year y) and P p,y (quantity of fuel that is consumed in project scenario p, during year y). Quality assurance and control procedures and well as precision requirements to ensure the collection of reliable data are outlined below. ii. Target population: a. BFT: sample of end users without project stove technologies that are representative of end users targeted in the project activity. Where applicable, end users will be given a project water treatment technology in order to disaggregate baseline fuel consumption from baseline fuel consumption for purifying water by boiling iii. b. PFT: sample of end users with project stove technologies Sampling Method: Both the BFT and PFT households will be chosen using stratified random sampling. iv. Sample Size and Desired Precision: Sample size will be sufficient to meet 90/30 confidence/precision (90/10 for single sample tests). v. Sampling Frame: a. BFT: Representative households within the project boundary using biomass fuel in unimproved stoves for the purposes of domestic use b. PFT: Project Database as defined by date of purchase by the end user, appliance type, at a minimum.