Overview of Water Quality Conservation Measures for Enclosed Water Bodies in Japan

Transcription

1 Overview of Water Quality Conservation Measures for Enclosed Water Bodies in Japan Shunji Watanabe, Deputy Director Water Environment Management Division, Environmental Management Bureau, Ministry of the Environment 1 I. Water Pollution in Enclosed Water Bodies and Corresponding Measures (Basic Concept) Specified sources of pollution Lifestyle-related (sewers and other developments) Business-related (effluent s) Stockbreeding and fishery-related (effluent s, structural and usage s) Unspecified sources of pollution Agricultural, urban and natural (appropriate fertilization, rainwater seepage, etc.) Pollutant load from specified sources of pollution <External inflow> Pollutant load from unspecified sources of pollution Enclosed water bodies <Lakes and reservoirs> Internal industrial pollutant load Accumulated pollutant load Natural purification through conservation and recovery activities around lakes Dredging, aeration, water conveyance and other projects Water quality Natural factors Societal factors Damage to drinking water Damage to drinking water supply supply Blessings of lakes and Blessings of lakes and reservoirs reservoirs Promotion of inspection and research activities 2

2 II. Structure of Law Concerning Special Measures for Conservation of Water Quality of Enclosed Water Bodies Provides special measures directed at designated lakes and reservoirs in addition to the s of the Water Pollution Control Law Basic policy for conservation of water quality of enclosed water bodies based on cabinet decision (targeting enclosed water bodies in general) Designated lakes and reservoirs decided by cabinet at request of prefectural governors (10 enclosed water bodies including Lake Biwa and Lake Kasumigaura made designated lakes and reservoirs) "Water Quality Conservation Plan" for each designated lake and reservoir Prefectures formulate plans which are subject to approval by the Minister of the Environment after deliberation at the Conference on Environmental Pollution Control Regulatory standards for pollutant load In addition to of emission concentration as per the Water Pollution Control Law, restricts daily pollutant load Project implementation Sewage system and septic tank maintenance, dredging, etc. Designation of lake conservation zones Conservation of lake area plants possessing purification Capabilities (action notification system for lake zones) Structural and usage s on small-scale stockbreeding and fishery operations inside water bodies Designation of effluent water control zones Emphasis on measures targeting surface water Instruction and advice for persons from facilities other than those being regulated Total volume control (if necessary) 3 III. Pollutant Load Ratio (Lake Biwa: COD) H2 58,923 kg/ Day H17 38,396 kg/ Day 29% 31% 37% 18% 10% 8% 10% 3% 19% 18% 4% 12% 生活系産業系畜産系農地系市街地系自然系 Domestic Industrial Stock Agricultural Urban Natural 4

3 1. Plant and Operation Site Drainage Measures Scope of Regulations New construction and expansion Existing facilities 50 m 3 /day or more Equal to or more than the value defined in expanded standards Less than the value defined in expanded standards 50 m 3 /day Equal to or more than the value defined in expanded standards Less than the value defined in expanded standards Specified facility Load No s No s Deemed specified facility*1 Facilities not covered by Law Concerning Special Measures for Conservation of Water Quality of Lakes and Marshes*2 Load No s No s Blue indicates where the new load s of the amended law come in No s No s *1 Kitchen facilities, cleaning facilities, septic tanks (for between 201 and 500 people) for hospitals (with between 120 and 299 beds) *2 Sewage treatment facilities, night soil treatment plant installed by local authorities, facilities related to maintenance projects performed on drainage facilities for agricultural communities (human waste treatment facilities only) 5 1. Newly constructed operation sites Policy on Regulatory Standards for Pollutant Load C( 濃度 ) () 排水基準 standard C 0 濃度規制に対し 負荷量規制により削減される汚濁負荷量 Cut load by C=a*Q b-1 a*q x b 排出水量がQ x のときの許容汚濁負荷量 Permitted load in case of Qx 65 Q x Q( 排出水量 ) Quantity 2. Existing operation sites C( 濃度 ) () C 0 C=a 0 *Q 0 b0-1 負荷量規制により削減される汚濁負荷量 Cut load by C=a*Q b-1 a 0 *Q 0 b0 a*q x b-1 *(Q x -Q 0 ) 3. Wastewater treatment facilities C( 濃度 ) () C 0 65 Q 0 Approximate emissions at the time of enforcement of regulatory standards Q x Quantity Q( 排出水量 ) 負荷量規制により削減される汚濁負荷量 Cut load by C=C 0 *d 65 C 0 *d*q x Q x 排出水量がQ x のときの許容汚濁負荷量 Permitted load in case of Qx Quantity Q( 排出水量 ) 6

4 2. Measures for Domestic Wastewater <Types of treatment for domestic wastewater and rates of prevalence> Vault toilet Flush toilet septic tanks (in principle, new construction prohibited) Collection Untreated effluence Effluence Individual septic tanks (Johkasou) Untreated effluence Septic tank (combined treatment) H12 H13 H14 H15 H16 Sewer Sewer for agri-community Johkasou Community plants 下水道農集排浄化槽コミプラ Sewage system, drainage facilities for agricultural communities, community plants Pipe and drain Septic tank (Johkasou) combined treatment Treatment plant Effluence 7 Trends in percentages of different domestic treatment facilities and percentage of population having each in recent years Basin population Kasumigaura Sewer Septic tank(johkasou) Sewer for agri-community Sewer (release out of basin) Out of service Sewer (release within basin) Lake Biwa Septic tank (Johkasou) Sewer Sewer for agri-community Septic tank (Johkasou) Septic tank (Johkasou) Out of service Sewer for agri-community Basin population Sewer (release within basin) Sewer for agri-community 8

5 Public Awareness Promotional Activities Creation and distribution of pamphlets, flyers, etc. Poster displays, signs, etc. Symposiums, forums, workshops, study groups and other events Distribution of sink-corner strainers, filter paper and other materials Public awareness campaigns by instructors of domestic wastewater measures Forming of community councils led by residents and other such organizations 9 Don t wash away! Let s begin living with nature-friendly lifestyle for river and sea If you wash away BOD(g) How many bathtubs do you need to make good water for fishes able to live? Tempura oil Mayonnaise Milk Beer Miso soup Water after washing rice Sauce Shampoo Detergent 10

6 Bathroom WE CAN!!! Washing Toilet 11 Structural Diagram of Small-Scale Septic Tank (FRP) (Johkasou) Quality of treated water BOD <=20 mg/l Affluence Anaerobic filtration tank Contact aeration tank Sedimentation tank Disinfection tank Effluence Sludge Sludge 12

7 3. Measures for Unspecified Sources of Pollution 13 Progress of Agricultural Measures in Shiga (1) Contents of measures in Water Quality Conservation Plan for Enclosed Water Bodies In the 5th Water Quality Conservation Plan for Enclosed Water Bodies covering Lake Biwa, the measure for agricultural areas with respect to groundwater is to further promote environmentally friendly agriculture in which the amount of chemical pesticides and fertilizers is well below conventional practice and considerations are made for maintaining harmony with the environment such as appropriate management of agricultural wastewater. 14

8 (2) Measures for Agricultural Wastewater (1) Public awareness promotional activities 15 (2) Project for creation of facilities for repeated use of water for rice paddies (Mizusumashi Plan) Creation of facilities to reuse agricultural wastewater 16

9 (3) Ordinance for Promotion of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture The Shiga Prefectural Ordinance for Promotion of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture was enacted in March 2003 for the purpose of fostering sound development of agriculture in Shiga and conservation of Lake Biwa and other natural resources in order to provide consumers with better, safer agricultural products and to ensure harmony between the environment and agricultural production. 17 Overview of partial amendment to Law Concerning Special Measures for Conservation of Water Quality of Enclosed Water Bodies -Improvement of water quality in closed water bodies has stagnated (this was also pointed out in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications policy evaluation) -Revitalization of residents' campaigns and raising of interest and a awareness Policies for improvement of water quality of enclosed water bodies must be expanded The following The will following be will added be to added the to measures the that measures have that been have in been in place up place to up this to point this point (pollutant load (pollutant s load on s plants on and plants operation and sites, operation sites, domestic wastewater domestic measures, wastewater etc.) measures, etc.) 1. Further reduction of pollutant load going into enclosed water bodies (1) Establishment of new effluent water control zones -Designate areas where measures against pollutant loads coming from agricultural and urban lands are necessary -Formulate and implement plan for promoting measures against effluent water (2) Review s on plants and operation sites Apply pollutant load s to existing operation sites which had heretofore only applied to new constructions and extensions 2. Appropriate conservation of environment around lakes to ensure water w purification Establish new lake environment conservation zones -Designate areas where conservational activities are particularly necessary for the preservation of water quality (e.g. reed beds around lakes) -Make notification of plant picking activities mandatory 3. Other Other measures such as placing priority on opinions of local residents in the procedures for formulating water quality conservation plans for enclosed water bodies 18

10 Effluent Water Control and Lake Environment Conservation Zones Designated Areas Affluent river Affluent river Efflue nce Effluent water control zones Efflue nce Efflue nce Lake Kasumigaura (various natural shores in Nishiura and Oiwata) Efflue nce Comprised of rice paddies, fields, urban areas, etc. Designated enclosed water bodies Lake environment conservation zone Affluent river Lake Suwa (manmade shore at Shibusaki) Lake Biwa (west side) 19 Shoreline Vegetation at Lake Shinji Matsue City Lake Shinji Vegetation on northern shore Vegetation on western shore Hirata City <- Hii River Hikawa Town <- Goemon River 20

11 Water Conveyance Project In conjunction with flood control and water utilization projects, this project aims to improve the water quality of enclosed water bodies by infusing clean water from fast flowing rivers into polluted enclosed water bodies. A monitoring committee was set up at Tega Marsh to monitor and survey hydrological properties, water quality, plant and animal life, and other environmental indicators. Infusion of clean water Tega River Purification Facility 21 V. Annual Change in COD (75%) of Designated Enclosed Water Bodies Note: Values for Lake Biwa are from southern side Values from Lake Kasumigaura are from western side 22

12 Lake Biwa from official website of Ibaraki Pref. Lake Kasumigaura Thank you for listening. 23