ECBC & Voluntary Green Rating Systems

Transcription

1 ECBC & Voluntary Green Rating Systems Prof. Roshni Udyavar Yehuda Rachana Sansad s Institute of Environmental Architecture TOT Workshop on THOUGHTFUL COOLING 9 11 January 2015 Rachana Sansad Auditorium Mumbai

2 Contents 1. ECBC background, overview & compliance 2. Voluntary Green Building Rating Systems 3. Indian context - LEED, GRIHA, Eco-housing & IGBC 4. Comparison of passive and active cooling measures in ECBC Green Building Rating Systems 5. Scaling up and implementation

3 ECBC Background, overview & compliance

4 Million Units Why ECBC? Electricity Consumption in Sectors over the years, Maharashtra 19 times 80 times 1,446 times 59 times 6 times 62 times 53 times Sectors to Target Industrial Domestic Agriculture Commercial Railways Public Water works Public lighting Miscellaneo us Sectors Source: Economic Survey of Maharashtra , Planning Dept. GoM

5 Why ECBC? Sector-wise Consumption in for Maharashtra - MEDA Hoardings 2kW and above 0.16% Govt. Buildings 1.30% Water Pumping 5.14% Street Lighting 0.37% Residential Buildigns 200 KW connected load 41.20% Commercial Buildigns 100 KVA & above 51.83% Source: MEDA

6 Units Why ECBC? Per Capita Consumption of Electricity in Commercial Sector over the years, Maharashtra Years Per capita consumption has increased by 20 times in Commercial sector, Maharashtra in 2011 since 1960 Source: Economic Survey of Maharashtra , Planning Dept. GoM and Central Electrical Authority, Power Scenario 2012

7 Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) The objective of ECBC is to provide minimum requirements for energy efficient design and design of buildings and their systems The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) launched by BEE in 2007 (amended 2010) under the Energy Conservation Act The rules relating to Energy Conservation Building Codes can be notified under clause (a) of section 15 of clause (l) of sub-section (2) of section 56, for buildings with a connected load of 100kW or contract demand of 120 kva and above and intended to be used for commercial purposes;

8 SCOPE OF ECBC New buildings with: Connected load in excess of 100 kw OR Contract demand in excess of 120 kva Also applies to Additions & Major Renovations when: Addition + Existing building area > 1000 m2 Renovated portions of a 1000 m2 or larger building On conflict with safety regulations, safety regulations will precede

9 ECBC: TYPES OF BUILDING COVERED Large Commercial Buildings Office Buildings Large Amenity Buildings IT Parks Government Buildings Hospitals Retail Malls Hotels Major Residential Buildings

10 Steps to meet ECBC compliance Applicable Building Systems Building Applying For ECBC Compliance Compliance Approaches 4.2 ENVELOPE 5.2 HVAC 6.2 SERVICE HOT WATER & PUMPING Meet Mandatory Provisions of Sections LIGHTING 8.2 ELECTRICAL POWER Prescriptive Method balance of some low performance components with other higher performance components Trade-off option (for ENVELOPE only) Whole Building Performance Method Provides minimum performance requirements ECBC Compliance Flexibility in meeting or exceeding energy efficiency requirements (as compared to a baseline building)

11 Overview of ECBC Mandatory Requirements ENVELOPE Fenestration Opaque Construction Building Envelope Sealing HVAC Natural Ventilation Minimum Equipment Efficiencies Controls Piping And Ductwork System Balancing Condensers SHW&P Solar Water Heating Equipment Efficiency Supplementar y Water Heating System Piping Insulation Heat Traps Swimming Pools Compliance Documentatio n LIGHTING Lighting Control Exit Signs Exterior Building Grounds Lighting ELECTRICAL POWER Transformers Energy Efficient Motors Power Factor Correction Check Metering & Monitoring Power Distribution Systems

12 Overview of ECBC Prescriptive Requirements ENVELOPE HVAC LIGHTING Roofs Opaque Walls Vertical Fenestration Skylights OR TRADE-OFF OPTION Prescriptive As Per Specs Given OR ASHRAE Economizers Variable Flow Hydronic Systems Building Area Method OR Space Function Method Installed Interior Lighting Power Exterior Lighting Power

13 ECBC ENVELOPE - Mandatory Requirements 1. Envelope U-factor of roof, wall & U-factor & SHGC of fenestration 2. Envelope air leakage specifications ECBC ENVELOPE - Prescriptive Requirements 1. Roof and opaque walls U-factor 2. Fenestration U-factor SHGC 3. Cool Roofs initial solar reflectance 4. Minimum visual transmission & Window-wall ratio for daylighting windows and skylights

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15 Solar Heat Gain Efficient The ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space through the fenestration area to the incident solar radiation; A Ratio with value typically ranging from 0.9 to 0.1

16 Solar Heat Gain Efficient Solar Heat Gain Coefficient = Directly Transmitted + Absorbed & Re-radiated

17 DEFAULTS FOR UNRATED VERTICAL FENESTRATION

18 MAX U-FACTOR & MAX SHGC AS PER CLIMATE & WWR FOR VERTICAL FENESTRATION

19 MIN VLT AS PER WWR VERTICAL FENESTRATION MAX U-FACTOR & MAX SHGC AS PER CLIMATE FOR SKY LIGHTS

20 MAX U-FACTOR & MIN R-VALUE AS PER CLIMATE & BUILDING TYPE FOR WALLS MAX U-FACTOR & MIN R-VALUE AS PER CLIMATE & BUILDING TYPE FOR ROOFS

21 ECBC HVAC - Mandatory Requirements 1. Natural ventilation as per guidelines in NBC 2. Minimum equipment efficiencies 3. Controls time clock, temperature control & cooling tower and closed circuit fluid ECBC HVAC - Prescriptive Requirements 1. Economizers 2. Variable Flow Hydronic systems

22 NBC 2005 PART 8 SECTION 1 LIGHTING & VENTILATION DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR NATURAL VENTILATION By wind action: Orientation to prevailing wind direction OR 45 0 if wind direction E/W Inlet position - windward side at low level & outlet opening position leeward side. Inlet size if wind direction constant, 30-50% total area of openings OR equal area on all sides if variable wind Surrounding hedges, shrubs, trees don t obstruct inlet, not planted within 8m from building Sill height 85% of critical ht. for max air movement For only one wall exposed - 2 windows preferred to 1 Width of window 2/3 rd of wall width, for identical windows on opposite walls Position of windows diagonally opposite, windward window near upstream corner Roof overhangs promote air motion in working zone Horizontal slot between wall & horizontal louver to prevent wind deflection Verandah open on 3 sides to increase air motion for most orientations Partition perpendicular to main flow at floor level with 0.3m spacing in leeward side of wide span buildings Leeward side building shouldn t be taller than adjoining windward block etc. By Stack Effect: Difference in air temperature between outside and inside air If inside warmer, warm air rises through opening at higher level Provide ventilators closer to ceiling / roof

23 NBC 2005 PART 8 SECTION 1 LIGHTING & VENTILATION ENERGY CONSERVATION IN VENTILATION SYSTEM Maximum use of wind-induced natural ventilation by: Adequate no. of fans in hot & dry and warm & humid Capacity of fan (55D m 3 /min) based on room length (D) Height of fan blades above floor (3H + W/ 4) (H=ht. of room, W= ht. of work plane) Min distance between blades and ceiling 0.3m Electronic regulators Size based on usable area of room

24 MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS FOR CHILLERS COP ratio of the rate of heat removal to the rate of energy input EER ratio of net cooling capacity in BTU/hr to total rate of electric input in watts IPLV part load efficiency for air-conditioning and heat pump based on part-load EER, COP, or KW/ton

25 POWER CONSUMPTION RATING FOR UNITARY AC - IS 1391 PART 1 POWER CONSUMPTION RATING FOR SPLIT AC - IS 1391 PART 2 POWER CONSUMPTION RATING FOR PACKAGED AC - IS 8148

26 PIPING INSULATION OF HEATING SYSTEMS PIPING INSULATION OF COOLING SYSTEMS DUCTWORK INSULATION

27 Voluntary Green Building Rating Systems

28 What is a rating system? Method of evaluating performance against a set of criteria Provides Quantification and ranking Standardization of procedures and norms Independent evaluation Design & technical guidelines Benchmarks & Base Case

29 A few existing green rating systems BREEAM LEED Green Globe Green Star Energy Star/ ECBC Ecotel Built Green Earth Advantage BEAM GBTool GRIHA Eco-housing

30 Green Building Rating Systems Performance or Prescriptive Based Comprehensive assessment tools Design checklist Energy & Environmental Performance Framework to assess overall design

31 Green Building Rating Systems Standards in Energy Efficiency ASHRAE LEED INDIA/ IGBC 2004 Eco-Housing (municipality) 2005 GRIHA (government) 2006 ECBC (government energy ministry) 2007

32 LEED: Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design

33 LEED Energy & Atmosphere Mandatory Requirements 1. Fundamental Commissioning of Building Energy Systems To verify project s energy-related systems are installed, and calibrated to perform according to the owner s project requirements, basis of design and construction documents. 2. Minimum energy performance WBP or prescriptive compliance - To establish the minimum level of energy efficiency 3. Fundamental refrigerant management - To reduce stratospheric ozone depletion

34 LEED Energy & Atmosphere Prescriptive Requirements 1. Enhanced commissioning (2 points) - To begin the commissioning process early in the design process and execute additional activities after systems performance verification is completed. 2. Optimize energy performance (Up to 19 points) - To achieve increasing levels of energy performance beyond the prerequisite standard 3. Measurement and Verification (3 points) - To provide for the ongoing accountability of building energy consumption 4. On-site Renewable energy (Up to 7 points) - To encourage and recognize increasing levels of on-site renewable energy 5. Enhanced refrigerant management (2 points) - To reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance with the Montreal Protocol 6. Green power (2 points) - To encourage the development and use of grid-source, renewable energy technologies on a net zero pollution

35 Platinum Gold Silver Certified LEED: Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design

36 Eco-housing: Criteria, Points & Ratings The Eco-Housing Assessment Criteria are applicable to all residential building/ building complexes, and single family residences. The criteria are based on local environmental issues and have a checklist of measures aimed at architects, builders, financial institutions, and homeowners. To determine the environmental performance of a building, the Eco-Housing assessment criteria are divided into the following seven broad categories, with each individual category describing a set of measures that need to be fulfilled.

37 Eco-housing: Criteria, Points & Ratings Site Planning Environment Architecture Energy Conservation and Management Efficient Building Materials Water Conservation Solid Waste Management Other Measures

38 Eco-housing: Criteria, Points & Ratings Site Planning 140 Environment Architecture 80 Energy Conservation & Management 240 Efficient Building Materials 190 Water Conservation 150 Solid Waste Management 120 Other Measures 80 Total number of points 1000 Points can be earned by meeting the performance goals of the criteria. 27 mandatory measures have to be complied with and there is a choice as to the implementation of the voluntary measures.

39 Ecohousing Environmental Architecture Mandatory Requirements 1. Design strategies for Thermal Comfort (Upto 45 points) 2. Protection from rains (5 points) Ecohousing Environmental Architecture Non-mandatory Requirements 1. Set up a Design Team (5 points) 2. Daylighting (Upto 15 points) 3. Computer simulation (10 points)

40 Design Strategies for Thermal Comfort (Composite Climate eg. Pune) Minimizing solar gain in summer 20 Building orientation, window area and placement 5 Shading Devices 5 Building form and internal zoning 4 Additional passive solar design systems 3 Glazing systems 3 Other systems such as solar chimney,etc. Facilitate air movement & ventialation 15 Orientation 4 Building Form & Design 4 Window Placement & Design 3 Additional Passive Design Systems 4 Mandatory 45 points

41 Ecohousing Energy Management Mandatory Requirements 1. Renewable energy for external and common area lighting (Upto 40 points) 2. Renewable energy for electric consumption (Upto 20 points) 3. Renewable energy for water heating (Upto 20 points) 4. Boosters for water heaters (10 points) 5. Hot water plumbing (10 points) Ecohousing Energy Management Non-mandatory Requirements 1. Power Factor (10 points)

42 3.13. Renewable energy for external and common area lighting Non-mandatory 40points Use renewable energy based (solar PV, biomass, wind, fuel cells) lighting system for minimum of 25% external lighting (wattage) requirement on site namely walkways, driveways and landscaped areas or for common/ circulation areas within a building like passage, staircases, lifts, corridors, lobbies, rdfuse areas with the provision of backup system for lighting in case of any problems in renewable energy based lighting system Between 25 40% of lights on renewable energy 20 Between 41-60% of lights on renewable energy 30 Between % of lights on renewable energy 40

43 3.14. Renewable energy for electric consumption Non-mandatory 20points Out of the total electric consumption (both indoor & outdoor) Minimum 3% to be managed using renewable sources 5 Minimum 5% to be managed using renewable sources 10 Minimum 10% to be managed using renewable sources 15 Minimum 15% to be managed using renewable sources 20

44 3.15. Power Factor Power Factor to be more than 0.9 Mandatory 10points The power factor of an AC electric power system is defined as the ratio of the real power to the apparent power It is a number between 0 to 1 inclusive. Real power is the capacity of the circuit for performing work in a particular time. Apparent power is the product of the current and voltage of the circuit. Due to energy stored in the load and returned to the source, or due to a non-linear load that distorts the wave shape of the current drawn from the source, the apparent power will be equal to or greater than the real power. Low power factor loads increase losses in a power distribution system and results in increased cost for electrical energy use.

45 3.16. Renewable energy for water heating Non-mandatory 25points Providing water heating systems using renewable energy Minimum 40% of total water requirement 15 Between 60-75% of total water requirement 20 Between % of total water requirement 25 Total water requirement can be considered to be 25 liters per person per day

46 3.17. Boosters for water heaters Provide water heaters with non-electric booster or electric boosters with heating COP>3 (COP = Coefficient of Performance) Non-mandatory 10points

47 3.18. Hot water plumbing Non-mandatory 10points Provide plumbing for hot water to houses with HDPE/ MDPE insulation

48 Eco-housing: Criteria, Points & Ratings Rating system POINTS ACHEIVED > 800 ECO-HOUISNG RATING Minimum of 500 points to qualify for Eco- Housing rating.

49 Griha: Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assesment Currently the system has been developed to help design and evaluate new buildings (buildings that are still at the inception stages). A building is assessed based on its predicted performance over its entire life cycle inception through operation

50 GRIHA: Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE Inter and Intra-site issues BUILDING DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION Resource conservation, reduction in resource demand, resource utilization efficiency, resource recovery & reuse, occupant health and well being land, water, energy, air & green cover BUILDING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE monitoring of consumption, Occupant health & well-being, issues related to local and global environment

51 GRIHA: Green Building Rating System Sustainable Site Planning Water Management Energy Optimization Sustainable Building Materials Waste Management Health and well being Building Operation and Maintenance Innovation

52 GRIHA: Green Building Rating System

53 Griha Energy Optimization Applicable Criteria 1. Optimize building design to reduce conventional energy demand (8 points mandatory) 2. Optimize energy performance of building within specified comfort limits (16 points partly mandatory) 3. Renewable energy utilization (5 points partly mandatory) 4. Enhance outdoor lighting system efficiency and use renewable energy (3 points) Griha Energy Optimization Selectively Applicable Criteria 1. Renewable energy based hot water system (3 points)

54 GRIHA: Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assesment Criteria: 33; Points: 100; Ratings: 5 Points scored Rating One star Two star Three star Four star Five star

55 Comparison of Passive and Active Cooling Measures in ECBC Green Building Rating Systems

56 LEED: Focus on Energy Efficiency LEED Materials and Resources, 14% Indoor Environmental Quality, 15% Sustainable Sites, 26% Water Efficiency, 10% Energy and Atmosphere, 35%

57 ECO-HOUSING: Focus on Energy Efficiency

58 GRIHA : Focus on Energy Efficiency Building Operation and Maintenance, 2% GRIHA Waste Management, 5% Health and well being, 14% Sustainable Site Planning, 17% Sustainable Building Materials, 14% Water Management, 13% Energy Optimization, 35%

59 Scaling Up and Implementation

60 Potential of ECBC Estimates based on simulation models indicate ECBC compliant buildings can use 40 60% less energy than conventional buildings It is projected that a nationwide mandatory enforcement of ECBC will yield annual energy savings to the tune of 1.7 billion kwh At the lowest estimate, this implies an annual saving of nearly Rs. 6 billion; with new rates for commercial establishments, this amount would be far higher It has been estimated that the implementation of ECBC for commercial buildings with connected load above 100kW, will lead to energy savings to the tune 65 Million units which can supply electricity to 40,000 rural families for a year without additional installation of power plants, at current rate of commercial growth in cities. Source: Draft Green Building Policy, RSIEA, Maharashtra ECBC

61 Implementation Status of ECBC Rajasthan, Oddisha, Andhra Pradesh, Uttrakhand and the Union Territory (UT) of Puducherry have issued notifications for notified ECBC for their states while states like Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka and have amended their codes. Notification Issued Notification Issued Notification Issued Notification in Progress Notification in Progress Amendment Initiation Next for Punjab, Gujarat and Kerala have initiated the amendments process of ECBC for their states. Source: CEPT

62 Energy Efficiency in Buildings Concepts in Efficiency Carbon Neutral Design aims to reduce the carbon emissions in the operating life as well as the construction and materials, and additionally the carbon associated with the commercial, institutional or residential use of the building by the occupants. This incorporates the nature of the work or activity that is carried on within a building. Locating the building to reduce transportation costs will factor into this equation, and thereby includes neighborhood and local or regional planning issues Zero Energy Design (ZED) Reduction of the operating energy requirements for a building, focusing on the eventual use of zero fossil energy. The official ASHRAE definition for a Net Zero Energy building is buildings which, on an annual basis, use no more energy than is provided by on-site renewable energy sources.

63 Energy Efficiency in Buildings Concepts in Efficiency Net Zero Site Energy Net Zero Source Energy Net Zero Energy Cost Net Zero Energy Emission

64 The Principles of Sustainable Construction are actually quite simple... It s just too bad that common sense is not commonplace! - Architect Alejandro Aravena, Chile Holcim Forum 2013

65 Thank You