Containerized Systems for Renewable Energy-Powered Distributed Generation

Transcription

1 Containerized Systems for Renewable Energy-Powered Distributed Generation Mark G. Hodges NDIA E2S2 May 2009

2 Potential Users Residential/Communities Agricultural Cooperatives Telecommunications Industrial and Manufacturing Utilities Military 2

3 Military Applications 3

4 System Approach Scalable, renewable energy-powered distributed generation for any application Systematic and replicable approach to design and siting in diverse operating environments Integrated, plug-and-play and tested prior to shipment Dumbing-down of current technology Use of public domain mapping and data Use of public domain optimization software 4

5 Advantages Streamlines system delivery and assembly logistics [components not locally acquired shipped in container(s)] Rapid deployment and start-up Rugged and relocatable Offsets need for housings built onsite Reduction of ongoing logistical tail of fuel and energy supply 5

6 System 20 and larger CONEX (Container Express), modular Rugged, secure, transportable, redeployable Delivery of system components Supports a variety of technologies and applications One proven example is Skybuilt Mobile Power Systems (MPS) 6

7 System Components Container Generation system Electrical Distribution connections Battery banks (optional) Communications for systems monitoring and control (optional) 7

8 Current Status Development funded, by CIA In-Q-Tel Military and intelligence applications Operational Based almost entirely on proven commercial off the shelf (COTS) components 8

9 Making it Happen Platform 20 CONEX, optimized mix of power generation technologies, electrical and batteries Generation Systems Wind, solar, hydroelectric, geothermal, biogas Energy Sources Renewable energy sources and databases Optimization range of public domain evaluation and optimization software 9

10 Sample Platform Skybuilt 10

11 Skybuilt 3D View 11

12 Skybuilt Remote Application 12

13 Electrical Power Control and Energy Storage 13

14 Power Generation Systems Small Wind Power ( KW) Micro and Minihydroelectric Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Solar Thermal (heating, energy) Covered In-Ground Anaerobic Reactor (CIGAR) (methane, ~ 100+ KW) Other biomass-based (methane, gasification) Geothermal (> 165 F, ~ 200 KW/unit) Hybrid systems (multiple sources/fossil fuel back-up) 14

15 100 KW Wind Farm, Panjshir Valley, Afghanistan 15

16 Other Wind Systems 16

17 Solar Photovoltaic Thermal 17

18 Micro and Minihydroelectric 18

19 Biogas and Geothermal 19

20 Energy Source(s) Locate and quantify renewable energy resource(s) Select the best technology mix Demonstrate technical and financial feasibility Small projects, limited budgets 20

21 Resource Mapping Small projects, small budgets KW, not MW scale Much information in the public domain for US and other developed countries Less information in developing countries Onsite refinement may be required once feasibility is demonstrated Data more abundant in US, but often reasonably available elsewhere 21

22 Wind Energy CONUS NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) maps (US and various abroad) State maps (US) NOAA/NWS reporting stations (primarily US) Commercial OCONUS Archived military operational data Other OCONUS sources Commercial 22

23 World Wind Energy Estimates USDOE,

24 3TIER FirstLook Wind Prospector 24

25 3TIER FirstLook 25

26 3TIER First Look Δ NCEP ADP - FirstLook 26

27 3TIER for Wind and Solar FirstLook (prospecting) FullView (assessment) PowerSight (forecasting) 27

28 US Wind Energy Map (50 m.) NREL 28

29 50 m. Wind - Arizona NREL 29

30 Wind Energy - Afghanistan 30

31 Solar Radiation NREL 31

32 State and City-Specific Phoenix, AZ Average max and min khrs/m 2 /day by month South-facing flat plate 1-axis tracking flat plate 2-axis tracking flat plate Direct beam, for concentrators Average climatic conditions (T, RH, heating and cooling degree days and wind speed) NOAA/NWS 32

33 Solar Energy Map Afghanistan 33

34 Geothermal SMU Geothermal mapping of North America NREL mapping State data Country studies Exploratory drilling may be required 34

35 Geothermal Energy Mapping Afghanistan 35

36 Micro and Minihydroelectric Micro = < 100 KW Mini = 100-1,000 KW Small = 1-30 MW Hydrological and siting information not as well organized in DOE mapping and data DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Evaluating a Potential Microhydropower Site cfm/mytopic=11070?print Map at 36

37 High Head / Low Power Hydroelectric 37

38 Biofuels Per sq/km Per person Mass Crop residues Forest residues Mill releases Urban wood waste Methane Dedicated energy crops NREL 38

39 Renewable Energy Resource GIS Overlays Overlays for identification of multiple options NREL U.S. Atlas of Renewable Energy Wind Solar Geothermal Biomass Federal Lands T&D Railroads and highways Elevation Calculators 39

40 NREL Renewable Energy Atlas of the West 40

41 Composited Renewable Energy Resource Maps (DOE EIA, 2007) 41

42 NREL Mapping Drafting off of Larger Projects Community wind energy - Wind energy potential with wind power class of 3 or greater. Utility scale wind energy - Wind energy potential with wind power class of 4 or greater. Utility scale Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) - Direct normal resource availability of 6 kwh/m2/day or greater. Utility scale solar photovoltaic solar (SPV) energy - Direct normal resource availability of 5 kwh/m2/day or greater. Biopower facility - Cumulative biomass resources of 140,000 metric tons/year or greater within 50 miles. Biorefinery facility - Cumulative crop residues of 333,000 metric tons/year or greater within 50 miles. 42

43 USEPA OSWER Tracked Sites Utility and community scale wind potential Utility scale concentrated solar power (CSP) Utility scale photovoltaic solar generation potential Biopower facility siting potential Biorefinery siting potential Non-grid connected wind energy potential Non-grid connected photovoltaic solar energy generation potential 43

44 Commercial Renewable Energy Resource Maps and Siting Software 3TIER AWS Truewind Ventyx Others 44

45 Low-Cost Optimization Software and Data Projects and budgets are small Public domain software Public domain data Easy to use Not data intensive Need-specific or energy prospecting 45

46 Optimization Based on Operating Environment Energy input(s) Power output(s) Load profile hourly/daily Spatial characteristics of service area Rates Existing vs. proposed costs Financing Return on investment Siting issues (ownership, environmental) 46

47 Available Tools RETScreen (Renewable-energy and Energy-efficient Technologies Screening). Decision support system Evaluate the energy production and savings, costs, emission reductions, financial viability and risk for various types of renewable-energy and energyefficient technologies (RETs). Natural Resources Canada 47

48 RETScreen RETSCREEN simplifies preliminary evaluations Relatively small amounts of input data Calculates key technical and financial viability indicators automatically Costs ~ 10%that of other assessment methods Standardized procedures allow objective comparisons Increases potential for successful clean energy project implementation Case studies for every type of project 48

49 RETScreen 49

50 HOMER HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables) Grid and grid-connected power systems Remote, stand-alone, and distributed generation (DG) Technical and financial optimization and sensitivity analyses Evaluate a large number of options based on technology costs and energy resource availability. 50

51 HOMER 51

52 Hybrid2 Hybrid2 Probabilistic/time series computer model Data for loads, wind speed, solar insolation, temperature Power system designed or selected by the user Predicts the performance of the hybrid power system. Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (RERL), U. Mass., Amherst 52

53 Hybrid2 53

54 ViPOR ViPOR (Village Power Optimization Model) Optimization of design of village electrification systems Map of a village and some information about load sizes and equipment costs Decides which houses should be centrally connected, which should be stand-alone or if grid connect is the least cost Distribution grid is optimally designed with consideration of local terrain. 54

55 ViPOR 55

56 Environmental Impacts 22CFR216 NEPA EA/EIA Negative declarations / exempt Emerging resource Google Earth and other public domain mapping Coverage in 13 Western states (~860 million acres of land) and growing Collaboration of National Audubon Society (NAS) and Natural Resource Defense Council (NRDC) 56

57 Google Earth Green Energy Tool 57

58 Additional Financial Analysis Data, US DSIRE (Databases for State Incentives for Renewable Energy) Incentives (Local, State, Federal see USEPA Maps and Incentives Sheets es.htm Current and projected US residential electricity prices 58

59 DSIRE Financial Incentives for Renewable Energy Financial Incentives for Energy Efficiency Rules, Regulations, & Policies for Renewable Energy Rules, Regulations, & Policies for Energy Efficiency 59

60 DSIRE 60

61 EPA Website Maps and Incentives by State Site Locations Tax Incentives (abatements, deductions, credits, etc.) Net Metering Funding (grants, loans, bonds, etc.) Limitations on Liability Technical assistance Points of contact 61

62 Electricity Costs Averaged Disaggregate from source data Use as input to financial analysis model 62

63 Estimated Costs $ 1,500 5,000 / KW capacity installed $ 15,000 30,000 / outfitted container $ 60,000 - $ 200,000+ for 30 KW Assume 2.2 gph diesel for 30 KW at 75% load Payback in < 1 year, depending on fuel costs 63

64 Questions? Mark G. Hodges MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc. 404 SW 140th Terrace, Newberry, FL (352)