Will the Waste Industry Morph Into the Resource Management Industry? A Paradigm Shift May be Upon Us

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1 Will the Waste Industry Morph Into the Resource Management Industry? A Paradigm Shift May be Upon Us Presented by Steven M. Viny, CEO SWANA Waves of Change Conference Clearwater, Florida February 9, 2015

2 Baseline Forecasts Waste Generation May Have Peaked

3 Baseline Forecasts Recycling Continues to Increase

4 U.S. Waste Diversion Rates According to the USEPA Americans produce about 4.38 lbs. of waste per day Most recent USEPA data shows that Americans recovered, recycled, and composted 34.5% burned 11.7% landfilled 53.8% of their solid waste About million tons landfilled

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6 Baseline Forecasts USEPA data suggests that we are only a few percentage points away from transitioning from a shift in paradigm from a Waste Industry to a Materials Management industry

7 How Will We Get There?

8 What Will Drive the Paradigm Shift? Answer: New Innovative Technology Legislation Economics

9 Innovative Technologies that will Increase Recycling/Waste Diversion Mixed Waste Processing aka Dirty MRF Plastics to liquid Fuels Mass Burn - Incineration Gasification/Pyrolysis Organics Composting Anearobic Aerobic wet composting

10 What Can Today s Dirty Mrf Remove? Waste is Sorted to Extract Materials for their Highest and Best Value Recyclables» Paper, metals, plastics, engineered fuel Non-combustibles» glass, dirt, other Organics» High moisture content/reduced calorific benefit» Composted to produce ADC High chlorinated materials» PVC Heavies» Hard to shred items such as concrete, brick, etc The light combustible fraction of MSW can be mechanically recovered into Engineered Fuel (EF) Primarily consists of light paper and non-chlorinated film plastic Approximately 7000 BTU/lb

11 minimrf tm Process Diagram Oversized Metal.55% Small Ferrrous.55% 1.67% Oversized Metal Steel Products.55% UBC Processing Re-melt to make can sheet 100% Lightweight Combustibles (future state) Organic Fraction Alternative Daily Cover Soil Replaces clean soil and other purchased cover Note: Percentages listed are estimates (actual quantities may vary) Percentages are based on processable waste only LIGHT HEAVY Primary Shredder NIR PLASTIC NIR PAPER NIR PVC PAPER 15%.55% PVC Secondary Shredder ENGINEERED FUEL 40.56%

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13 Begin with Residential MSW

14 Remove non recyclable bulk

15 MSW loaded into MWP system

16 MWP System

17 Fines

18 Class 1 Compost Facility

19 Class 1 Compost Growth Plot Study before Photo

20 Class 1 Compost Application to 8 Acre Growth Plot Study

21 Class 1 Compost Growth Plot Study After Photo 1 st year growth

22 Ferrous metal recovery

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24 Aluminum Recovery

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26 Manual Sort for Paper Front end hand separation

27 Automated Paper Sort NIR separation of Light fraction post ballistic sort

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30 Engineered Fuel Recovery

31 Engineered Fuel used in a Rotary Kiln

32 Baseline Forecasts Coal Will Remain as the Dominant Fuel for Electrical Energy

33 Coal America s Fuel In 2014, the U.S. consumed million tons of coal 93% of this amount was for electrical generation trillion kilowatt-hours per year Over 90% of the coal mined in the U.S. is used by Utility companies U.S. Cement Industry consumes over 16 million tons of coal each year U.S. exported 97.6 million tons of coal in 2014

34 Favorable Economics thru the use of EF as a Coal Substitute Basic fuel cost assumptions Oil $9.80 MMBTU Natural Gas $4.25 MMBTU Coal $2.25 MMBTU EF $1.00 MMBTU Therefore, economic savings for the combustion unit of 55% to 90% can be achieved by using EF! Also benefits in the form of reduced sulfur emissions and possible renewable energy credits

35 Vadxx Energy Overview o Developer of Waste Plastics to Liquid Fuels Facilities o 8 Years in Business developing the technology including Pilot Plant scale up o Industry Experienced Management Team in Place; o $27M in start up capital Raised to Date o First Continuous Process For such a Technological Application o Provides for a Source of Regional Fuel

36 Vadxx Technology and Value Proposition o 60 Tons Per Day Input comprised of Difficult to Recycle Plastics (#3-#7 Plastics) o Continuously Move Through 7 Zones in Rotating, Closed Reactor System o Output then moves to Continuous Distillation to Yield 12K Gallons of Diesel Fuel Per Day o 25K Sq ft Facility on 3 Acres o EPA small emitter (13 tons per year)

37 FIRST SITE AKRON, OH STARTS UP IN MAY 2015

38 Vadxx Status Update o Site #1 Ready to Start Up in May 2015 o Small Scale, Repeatable Install and Commissioning o Liberation Capital funding partnership o US/Ohio EPA permits approved 3 Ohio sites o Fortune 500 EPC Contractor Rockwell o 15 Month Lead Time Typical for Future Facilities

39 Economic Benefits o 20 Full Time Skilled Employees; $1.2M Payroll o EPA Small Emitter o Simple and Relatively Short Permit Process o Landfill Avoidance for 20K Tons Per Year o Plastic does not decompose in the landfill o Greatly reduces light blowing plastics thus reducing litter and flagging waste at the landfill o Produces a Locally Manufactured Transportation Fuel Thus Reducing the Carbon Footprint

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41 WTE Palm Beach County, Florida Renewable energy facility #2 (REF#2) will reduce the volume of material it combusts by over 90%. Over 80% total landfill diversion from all operations when REF#2 comes on line. Only ash, non combustible and non recoverable material will go to the landfill. REF#1 (existing RDF facility) 2000 tpd REF# tpd Represents an increase to America s diversion of about 0.8%! RMPF 400 tpd

42 Gasification/Pyrolysis

43 Gasification - Plasco

44 Gasification - Enerkem

45 Achieving Zero Waste Food Waste Recycling

46 Sustainable Solutions Waste Management WWTP Biosolids Foodwaste Nutrients Natural fertilizer and animal bedding Renewable Energy Electricity Compressed Natural Gas Fats, Oil & Grease Heating & Cooling

47 Full-Circle Solution 1,000,000 gallon tank capacity 50,000 tons per year 1MW of electricity per hour 4 MMBtu of heat per hour Nutrient rich fertilizer product Systems can be successfully located in both agricultural and urban settings. Biogas can be used to produce CNG (compressed natural gas) reducing transportation costs. Nutrients are concentrated and returned to the field and water is recycled. Digesters can be constructed on-site or owned and operated by a third party as a regional facility. Anaerobic digestion can handle all types of food waste including meats that can t be managed by composting.

48 Digester Ready Waste Streams P reprocessing using advanced maceration technology is a solution for diverting food waste from landfills by generating contaminantfree AD-ready waste streams from: food manufacturers cafeterias restaurants hospitals hotels supermarkets colleges & universities sports venues A Better Way to Manage Organic Waste: Allows for better planning to reduce waste generation Fewer waste pick-ups = cost savings Odor reduction & vector reduction

49 Dry Composting

50 Box Style Dry Composting

51 Covered Windrow Aerobic Composting

52 New Legislation supports the use of Engineered Fuel New Federal revision to the RCRA definition of Solid Waste allows EF to be considered a fuel rather than regulated as a waste Rule establishes a decision matrix US EPA executed this revision in February, 2011 With this revision, the USEPA recognizes qualifying EF as a commodity. As a result, solid waste regulations no longer apply to EF s handling and management post processing with the MiniMRF system.

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54 Government Mandates to Increase Recycling Most states plan to increase their recycling goals Creates new direct jobs as well as many indirect jobs Helps build/maintain the local economy Shows eco-conservation that helps keep cities competitive Example: Florida HB % recycling by Currently the rate is 31% (per Florida DEP) USEPA Solid Waste Hierarchy Recycling/Composting and Energy Recovery are among the most preferred methods of waste management and treatment and disposal is the least preferred method

55 Conclusion Is a paradigm shift in the Waste Industry on the horizon? You be the judge! Per USEPA, Diversion is at 46.2% Big targets for increased diversion include:» Food waste 11.1%» Plastics 9.4%» Paper 8.8%» Metals 4.8%» Yard Waste 4.7%» Wood 4.4%

56 Conclusion New technology exists to process waste for: Extraction of recyclable commodities Energy Soil amendment Legislation continues to demand increased levels of waste diversion New USEPA definition of Solid Waste Non-hazardous materials which can be uses as a fuel are no longer regulated as Solid Waste

57 Opinion: Conclusion Waste diversion will increase where it is determined to offer: Improved economics Improved environmental benefits A solution to meet regulations Improved public image/perception

58 Conclusion As a company, we support all forms of waste diversion for beneficial reuse including recycling, composting, the production of Engineered Fuel, WTE, gasification, pyrolysis and others. Fits well with State and Local Government Waste Diversion Plans Politically and Financially attractive

59 Contact Information Steven M. Viny, CEO (216) Renaissance Pkwy. Cleveland, Ohio 44128