WHO Social media toolkit for Air pollution and Child Health: Prescribing Clean Air Launch 29 October 2018 Geneva, Switzerland

Transcription

1 WHO Scial media tlkit fr Air pllutin and Child Health: Prescribing Clean Air Launch 29 Octber 2018 Geneva, Switzerland Air Pllutin and Child Health: Prescribing Clean Air The reprt Air Pllutin and Child Health: Prescribing Clean Air summarizes the latest scientific knwledge n the links between expsure t air pllutin and adverse health effects in children. It is intended t infrm and mtivate individual and cllective actin by health care prfessinals t prevent damage t children s health frm expsure t air pllutin. Althugh mre rigrus research int hw air pllutin affects children s health will cntinue t be valuable, this reprt and similar nes befre it prvide ample evidence t justify strng, swift actin t prevent the damage it clearly prduces. Health prfessinals, plicy makers, members f civil sciety and the general public must cme tgether t address this threat as a pririty, thrugh cllective, crdinated effrts. Fr the millins f children expsed t plluted air every day, there is little time t waste and s much t be gained. Scial media tlkit fr the release f the WHO reprt Air Pllutin and Child Health: Prescribing Clean Air: Table f Cntents 1. Intrductin t scial media resurces 2 2. Children s Expsure T Air Pllutin key messages & Tweets 2 3. Effects f Air Pllutin n Children s Health and Children s Unique Expsure Risk - key messages & Tweets 4 4. Surces f Air Pllutin key messages & tweets 6 5. Recmmended Actins fr Health Prfessinals key messages & tweets8 6. BreatheLife campaign - Health & climate c-benefits f reducing air pllutin key messages and tweets 8 1

2 1. Intrductin t scial media resurces This tlkit prvides a set f sample scial media messages, which stakehlders and supprters f the WHO reprt, Air Pllutin and Child Health: Prescribing Clean Air, may wish t use in their persnal and institutinal accunts t distribute and amplify messages. HASHTAGS: Key hashtag: #BreatheLife #AirPllutin #BeatAirPllutin #PrescribingCleanAir HANDLES: Other Institutins: 2. Children s Expsure T Air Pllutin key messages & Tweets Expsure t air pllutin is an verlked health emergency fr children arund the wrld. While such expsure is a persistent prblem in sme high-incme cuntries (HICs) especially in lw-incme cmmunities within thse cuntries the vast majrity f child deaths frm expsure t particulate matter air pllutin ccur in lw- and middle-incme cuntries (LMICs). The prprtins f children expsed t levels f fine particulate matter (PM2.5) higher than the WHO air quality guidelines are as fllws: 93% f all children < 18 years f age and abut 630 millin children under 5 years in the wrld; in LMICs, 98% f all children under 5 years; in HICs, 52% f children under 5 years; in the WHO African and Eastern Mediterranean regins, 100% f all children under 5 years; in LMICs in the Suth-East Asia Regin, 99% f all children under 5 years; in LMICs in the Western Pacific Regin, 98% f all children under 5 years; and in LMICs in the Americas Regin, 87% f all children under 5 years. Outdr air pllutin Ambient Air Pllutin is derived mainly frm fssil fuel cmbustin, industrial prcesses, waste incineratin, agricultural practices and natural prcesses such as wildfires, dust strms and vlcanic eruptins. The main surces f air pllutin may vary frm urban t rural areas, but n area is, strictly speaking, safer. AAP was respnsible fr 4.2 millin premature deaths in 2016; f these, almst were children under 5 years ld.. Indr air pllutin The risks assciated with breathing Husehld Air Pllutin can be just as great. 2

3 Breathing clean air at hme is essential fr children s healthy develpment, but widespread dependence n slid fuels and kersene fr cking, heating and lighting results in far t many children living in heavily plluted hme envirnments. Wmen and children in lw- and sme middle-incme cuntries (LMIC) spend much f their time arund the hearth, expsed t smke frm cking fires, resulting in indr cncentratins f sme pllutants that are five r six times the levels in ambient air Abut three billin peple wrldwide still depend n plluting fuels and devices fr cking and heating The widespread lack f access t clean husehld energy has tragic cnsequences n a vast scale: HAP was respnsible fr 3.8 millin premature deaths in 2016, including ver deaths f children under 5 years f age. TWEETS ON CHILDREN S HEALTH 1..@WHO s new reprt n #AirPllutin and children s health finds that almst 630 millin children under 5 are expsed t air pllutin levels that d nt meet WHO limits [link t be added] @DrMariaNeira] 2..@DrTedrs launches reprt that finds 93% f children arund the wrld are expsed t air pllutin levels that d nt meet WHO limits [link t be added 3..@WHO Expsure t #AirPllutin is an verlked health emergency fr children arund the wrld. It s time everyne takes ntice #PrescribingCleanAir [link t be added] 4..@WHO In lw and middle-incme cuntries, 98% f all children under 5 years are expsed t dirty air. In high-incme cuntries, 52% f children under 5 breathe plluted air #PrescribingCleanAir [link t be added] 5..@WHO In the African and Eastern Mediterranean regins, 100% f all children under 5 years breathe dirty air. We can change this tgether [link t be added] 6..@WHO In Suth-East Asia, 99% f all children under 5 years breathe dirty air n a daily basis. Tgether, we can tackle this public health emergency #PrescribingCleanAir [link t be added] 7..@WHO in lw and middle-incme cuntries in the Western Pacific, 98% f all children under 5 years breath dirty air. Tgether, we can change this. #PrescribingCleanAir [link t be added] In lw and middle-incme cuntries in the Americas, 87% f all children under 5 years breathe dirty air. We can change this tgether#prescribingcleanair #AirPllutin [link t be added] 9. Outdr air pllutin was respnsible fr 4.2 millin premature deaths in Of these, arund were children under 5 years ld. The time t act n #AirPllutin is nw #PrescribingCleanAir #BeatAirPllutin [link t be added] 3

4 10. Husehld air pllutin was respnsible fr 3.8 millin premature deaths in 2016, including ver deaths f children under 5 years f age. This is a public health crisis #PrescribingCleanAir #BeatAirPllutin [link t be added] @DrMariaNeira] 11..@WHO Abut three billin peple wrldwide still depend n plluting fuels and devices fr cking and heating, leading t a lifetime f breathing dirty air. #PrescribingCleanAir. [link t be added] Click here t access the infgraphic @DrMariaNeira] 3. Effects f Air Pllutin n Children s Health and Children s Unique Expsure Risk - key messages & Tweets Expsure t pllutants in the air threatens the health f peple f all ages, in every part f the wrld, in bth urban and rural areas, but it affects the mst vulnerable amng us children in unique ways Children are at greater risk than adults frm the many adverse health effects f air pllutin, wing t a cmbinatin f behaviural, envirnmental and physilgical factrs. Children are especially vulnerable during fetal develpment and in their earliest years, while their lungs, rgans and brains are still maturing. Children breathe faster than adults, taking in mre air and, with it, mre pllutants. Children live clser t the grund, where sme pllutants reach peak cncentratins. They may spend much time utside, playing and engaging in physical activity in ptentially plluted air. Newbrn and infant children, meanwhile, spend mst f their time indrs, where they are mre susceptible t husehld air pllutin, as they are near their mthers while they ck with plluting fuels and devices. Children have a lnger life expectancy than adults, s that latent disease mechanisms have mre time t emerge and affect their health. Children s bdies, and especially their lungs, are rapidly develping and therefre mre vulnerable t inflammatin and ther damage caused by pllutants. In the wmb, they are vulnerable t their mthers expsure t pllutants. Expsure befre cnceptin can als impse latent risks n the fetus. The cnsequences f their expsure thrugh inhalatin, ingestin r in uter can lead t illness and ther health burdens that last a lifetime. Children depend entirely n us adults t prtect them frm the threat f unsafe air. Glbally in 2016, ne in every eight deaths was attributable t breathing dirty air a ttal f 7 millin deaths. Sme deaths in children under 5 years and deaths in children aged 5 15 years were attributed t the jint effects f AAP and HAP in Tgether, HAP frm cking and AAP cause mre than 50% f acute lwer respiratry infectins (ALRI) in children under 5 years f age in LMICs. Of the ttal number f deaths attributable t the jint effects f HAP and AAP wrldwide in 2016, 9% were in children. 4

5 In 2016, AAP was respnsible fr apprximately deaths frm ALRI and almst 24 millin disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) amng children under 5 years In 2016, HAP was respnsible fr apprximately deaths frm ALRI and 37 millin DALYs amng children under 5 years (Fig. 3). These tragically high tlls are fr just ne disease, ALRI. The ttal burden f mrtality and mrbidity amng children due t expsure t AAP and HAP is much greater. Evidence f the many different adverse health effects f expsure t air pllutin is discussed belw. Expsure t air pllutin cntributes t mre than half f all deaths frm ALRI in children under 5 years in LMICs, making it ne f the leading killers f children wrldwide. The five leading causes f death in children under 5 glbally are prematurity, acute respiratry infectins, intrapartum-related cmplicatins (including birth asphyxia), ther grup 1 cnditins and cngenital anmalies (9). Premature birth is the nly factr that kills mre children under 5 glbally than acute respiratry infectins (Fig. 4). In the African Regin, acute respiratry infectin is the leading cause f death f children under 5. TWEETS ON AIR POLLUTION S EFFECT ON CHILDREN S HEALTH 1..@WHO: Expsure t pllutants in the air threatens the health f peple f all ages, but it affects the mst vulnerable amng us children in unique ways #AirPllutin #PrescribingCleanAir Click here t access the infgraphic @DrMariaNeira] 2..@WHO Children depend entirely n us t prtect them frm the threat f unsafe air. Are we ding enugh? Learn mre abut the impact f dirty air n little lungs: [link t be added] 3. #AirPllutin led t deaths in children under 5 years and deaths in children aged 5 15 years in As health prfessinals, we can and must d better #PrescribingCleanAir 4..@WHO: Breathing dirty air caused the deaths f almst 600,000 children in As health prfessinals, we can and must d better #PrescribingCleanAir @DrMariaNeira] 5..@WHO: Children are uniquely vulnerable t the damaging health effects f air pllutin. See hw at [link t be added] #PrescribingCleanAir Click here t access the infgraphic @DrMariaNeira 7..@WHO new reprt finds that f the ttal number f deaths attributable t the air pllutin wrldwide in % f these were in children. See what health prfessinal can d t cmbat dirty air #PrescribingCleanAir 8..@WHO Expsure t air pllutin cntributes t mre than half f all deaths frm acute lwer respiratry infectin in children under 5 years in lwer and middle-incme 5

6 cuntries, making it ne f the leading killers f children wrldwide #PrescribingCleanAir #BeatAirPllutin 9..@WHO: Breathing dirty air can be a life sentence t illness #PrescribingCleanAir #BeatAirPllutin Click her t access the infgraphic @DrMariaNeira 10..@WHO The evidence is clear: air pllutin has a devastating impact n children s health [link t be added] T access WHO Health and Climate Infgraphics in English click here. T access WHO Health and Climate Infgraphics in French click here. 4. Surces f Air Pllutin key messages & tweets Ambient Air Pllutin (AAP) AAP caused abut 4.2 millin premature deaths in 2016 (10) It is estimated that, in 2016, children under 15 years f age died frm expsure t AAP. Ambient air is plluted frm many surces, bth anthrpgenic and natural, which differ in urban and rural areas. In urban settings, the main surces are fssil fuel cmbustin fr energy prductin, transprt, residential cking, heating and waste incineratin. Rural cmmunities in LMICs are expsed t pllutin emitted primarily frm husehld burning f kersene, bimass and cal fr cking, heating and lighting, frm agricultural waste incineratin and frm certain agr-frestry activities Addressing AAP is a high pririty fr gvernments and multilateral agencies arund the wrld. Many prven slutins are available t reduce emissins f dangerus pllutants in cities, including cleaner transprt, cleaner cking and heating fuels and technlgies, energy-efficient husing and urban planning, lw- r zer-emissin pwer generatin, cleaner, safer industrial technlgies and better municipal waste management (11). Husehld Air Pllutin (HAP) HAP the single largest envirnmental health risk factr wrldwide is prduced mainly by incmplete cmbustin f plluting fuels fr cking, heating and lighting (6,11). In 2016, WHO estimated that abut three billin peple 41% f the wrld s ppulatin used plluting fuels mainly fr cking, mst f them in LMICs (6,11). This number has remained largely unchanged fr the past three decades. The damage t health caused by such widespread dependence n plluting energy surces is severe and extensive: in 2016, HAP frm slid fuel use resulted in an estimated 3.8 millin premature deaths. This tll is equivalent t 6.7% f glbal mrtality, greater than that frm malaria, tuberculsis and HIV/AIDS cmbined. Of these deaths, were amng children under 5 years f age (6,8). HAP is als an imprtant surce f AAP, as residential cking 6

7 cntributes as much as 12% f glbal PM2.5 t ambient air (11). In many parts f the wrld, children are especially vulnerable t HAP because they spend a great deal f time in the hme and with their mthers as they tend the hearth. Smke emitted frm burning bimass, cal, charcal and kersene t meet the basic needs f cking, heating and lighting is the primary cntributr t HAP. Burning these fuels prduces cmplex mixtures f cntaminant. In dwellings with pr ventilatin, emissins f fine particulate matter and ther pllutants frm stves can reach 100 times the maximum expsure level recmmended by WHO (11). Achieving universal access t clean, safe husehld energy is a high pririty n the glbal sustainable develpment agenda, reflected in SDG 7: ensure access t affrdable, reliable, sustainable and mdern energy fr all. Scial determinants f air pllutin Pverty is strngly crrelated with expsure t air pllutin. Children in LMICs and in lw-incme cmmunities within HICs disprprtinately suffer the effects f air pllutin. Pverty causes peple t rely n plluting fuels fr their basic needs and cmpunds the health risks assciated with their use. Pverty als limits peple s capacity t imprve the envirnment in which they raise their children. Air pllutin is ften a chrnic prblem in pr-quality husing and temprary settlements. The expsure f peple living in refugee camps can be particularly high, as they are frced t scavenge fr nearby wd and ther fuels r t rely n kersene stves fr heating and cking. Wmen and girls are the primary users and prcurers f husehld energy arund the wrld. Dependence n the energy surces that prduce the mst HAP (e.g. wd and ther slid fuels) als pses ther imprtant health and safety risks. In many LMICs, children have the daily r weekly task f fuel cllectin, ften walking lng distances with heavy lads f wd and ther fuels. A WHO analysis f survey data frm 16 African cuntries in 2016 fund that girls in husehlds that used plluting fuels spent abut 18 hurs each week cllecting wd r water, whereas girls in husehlds in which clean fuels were used primarily spent 5 hurs each week in thse tasks (6,11). This wrk rbs children f time spent fr playing and studying. It als leads t musculskeletal disrders and can expse children, particularly girls, t higher risk f vilent attack, rape r injury as they venture far frm their husehld (11, 4). TWEETS ON SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION 1. Outdr air pllutin caused arund 4.2 millin premature deaths in Of these, 286,000 were amng children under 15 years f age 2. Husehld Air Pllutin is the single largest envirnmental health risk factr wrldwide and is prduced mainly by incmplete cmbustin f plluting fuels fr cking, heating and lighting. We need safer hmes fr all ur children 7

8 3. In 2016, WHO estimated that abut three billin peple 41% f the wrld s ppulatin used plluting fuels mainly fr cking, mst f them in lw and middleincme cuntries (6,11). @DrMariaNeira 4. In 2016, husehld air pllutin frm slid fuel use resulted in an estimated 3.8 millin premature deaths. Of these deaths, were amng children under 5 years f age @DrMariaNeira 5. Pverty is strngly crrelated with expsure t air pllutin and children in lw and middle-incme cuntries and in lw-incme cmmunities within high incme cuntries disprprtinately suffer the effects. 5. Recmmended Actins fr Health Prfessinals key messages & tweets Health prfessinals are trusted surces f infrmatin and guidance. They play an imprtant rle nt nly in treating ill health caused by air pllutin but als in educating families and patients abut risks and slutins and cmmunicating with the brader public and decisin-makers They must increase their rle in the management f childhd expsure t air pllutin thrugh imprved methds f care and preventin and cllective actin. Health prfessinals can prvide evidence t shape public health plicy and advcate fr effective plicies t reduce children s expsure t air pllutin. The brader health sectr must becme mre engaged in preparing a cmprehensive apprach t addressing this crisis. TWEETS ON AIR POLLUTION SOLUTIONS 1..@WHO Infrmed actin by health prfessinal can help reduce the expsure f children t air pllutin and save lives. See hw at [link t be added] #PrescribingCleanAir 2. Everyne has a rle t play, at every level in cleaning up dirty air fr children acrss the wrld [link t be added] #PrescribingCleanAir 3. Health prfessinals must cme tgether t address this threat as an emergency, thrugh cllective, crdinated effrts. #PrescribingCleanAir 4. Fr the millins f children expsed t plluted air every day, there is little time t waste #PrescribingCleanAir 6. BreatheLife campaign - Health & climate c-benefits f reducing air pllutin key messages and tweets 8

9 Health & climate leaders must lead n cmbatting the threat f air pllutin, a driver f climate change and killer f nearly 600,000 children annually. Reducing emissins f greenhuse gases thrugh better transprt, fd and energy-use chices, such clean ckstve scan result in imprved health, particularly thrugh reduced air pllutin. Mayrs and urban leaders are invited t jin cities like #Lndn, #Santiag, #Washingtn DC in the campaign t prtect children by reducing air pllutin t WHO air quality levels. WHO, UN Envirnment & the Climate and Clean Air Calitin invite yu t jin the #BreatheLife campaign t stp air pllutin deaths and prtect ur cities children Breathelife2030.rg is mbilizing health and climate sectrs t wrk tgether t prtect children by tackling air pllutin and climate pllutants. It is estimated that, by 2030, climate change will be respnsible fr deaths each yet. Many f the same pllutants that threaten health, such as black carbn and zne are als imprtant agents f climate change. Interventins that reduce carbn emissins are likely t result in benefits fr bth children s health and the climate. TWEETS ON AIR POLLUTION & CO-BENEFITS Nte: All MULTILINGUAL BreatheLife infgraphics can be fund in all six UN languages at this link Hashtags #BreatheLife #Beatpllutin #PrescribingCleanAir calls n Mayrs and urban leaders t jin cities like #Lndn, #Santiag, #Washingtn DC in the campaign t prtect children s lives and reduce air pllutin t WHO air quality levels. Click here t access the infgraphic calls n Mayrs and urban leaders t jin cities like #Lndn, #Santiag, #Washingtn DC in the t prtect the health f children and reduce air pllutin t WHO air quality levels 3. Over 93% f children wrldwide breathe plluted air. in the Breathelife2030.rg campaign t help #BreatheLife back int ur children s cities Click here t access the infgraphic 4. 93% f children breathe unsafe air. Prtect children by reducing air pllutin t safe levels. Ask yur city t act: bit.ly/blactnw1 9

10 Click here t access the infgraphic 5. Let yur leaders knw that reducing #ai4pllutin saves children s lives and can help get us n track t meet the #ParisAgreement by 2030: bit.ly/blactnw1 6. #AirPllutin kills nearly 600,000 children annually. Help tackle this silent killer at: BreatheLife2030.rg #PrescribingCleanAir 7. #AirPllutin causes mre than 50% f deaths frm acute lwer respiratry infectins in children under 5. BreatheLife back int ur children s cities at BreatheLife2030.rg #PrescribingCleanAir 8. Air pllutin is the invisible killer causing nearly 600,000 deaths in children each year. Help #BeatAirPllutin at BreatheLife2030.rg Click here t access the infgraphic 9. 9 ut f 10 children live in areas that fail t meet WHO air quality guideline gals. Jin the campaign t imprve urban air quality fr children everywhere #PrescribingCleanAir Click here t access the infgraphic 10