U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY BRINE EXTRACTION AND STORAGE TEST (BEST) PROJECT UPDATE

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1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY BRINE EXTRACTION AND STORAGE TEST (BEST) PROJECT UPDATE Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum Mid-Year Meeting Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates May 1, 2017 Presented by John A. Hamling Principal Engineer Energy & Environmental Research Center

2 DISCLAIMER AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT Disclaimer: This presentation was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government, nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. LEGAL NOTICE: This work was prepared by the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC), an agency of the University of North Dakota, as an account of work sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory. Because of the research nature of the work performed, neither the EERC nor any of its employees makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement or recommendation by the EERC. Acknowledgment: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory under Award Nos. DE-FE and DE-FE

3 1 BRINE EXTRACTION FOR PRESSURE MANAGEMENT Incremental Cost Wells and infrastructure cost Operating and energy cost Requires disposal Treatment and discharge Reinjected into a different suitable geologic formation Efficiency losses bbl out > incremental bbl in Complicates project Additional health, safety, and environmental risk 3

4 1 GEOLOGIC CO 2 STORAGE WILL BE AT A PREMIUM Buoyant fluid Large volumes = large footprint Regulatory compliance, liability, and associated costs Conformance and utilization efficiency Access to pore space Leasing, unitization, trespass Assuring permanence and credits Because of a host of technical, social, regulatory, environmental, and economic factors, brine disposal tends to be more accessible and generally quicker, easier, and less costly to implement compared to dedicated CO 2 storage. 4

5 Brine extraction can enable dedicated CO 2 storage and improve the geologic CO 2 storage potential of a site.

6 TWO COMPLEMENTARY COMPONENTS Active Reservoir Management (ARM) Test Reduce stress on sealing formation Geosteer fluid plume Divert pressure from leakage pathways Reduce area of review (AOR) Improve injectivity, capacity, and storage efficiency Validate monitoring techniques, and forecast model capabilities Brine Treatment Test Bed Alternate source of water Reduced disposal volumes Salable products for beneficial use Illustration modified from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 6

7 ACTIVE WATER DISPOSAL SITES AS A PROXY FOR DEDICATED CO 2 STORAGE

8 THE DESIGN (BALANCE) 8

9 FIELD IMPLEMENTATION Evaluate ARM strategies Validate ARM performance against forecasts Evaluate ARM economics Demonstrate monitoring techniques Brine treatment technology test bed and technology demonstration Demonstrate ARM implementation and operations Synergies 9

10 THREE DEVELOPMENT STAGES OVER 48 MONTHS 1. Site preparation and construction 2. Site operations, including ARM and extracted brine treatment technology testing 3. Project closeout/decommissioning and data processing/reporting 10

11 TWO FIELD PROJECTS Energy & Environmental Research Center Western North Dakota Commercial saltwater disposal facility ARM via new extraction well and injection well Enclosed water treatment test bed (single unit) Electric Power Research Institute Northern Florida Coal power plant with active wastewater disposal ARM and passive reservoir management via new extraction well and injection well Open-air water treatment test bed (multiunit) Plant Smith Panama City, FL 11

12 FLORIDA BRINE EXTRACTION AND STORAGE TEST 12

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14 FLORIDA SITE Proposed Infrastructure Allows for Brine Extraction and Injection (recirculation)

15 PLANT SMITH GEOLOGY Thick, permeable saline aquifers Eocene Series ( ft) Lower Cretaceous including the Tuscaloosa Group ( ft) Formations represent significant regional CO 2 storage reservoirs in the southeast United States Multiple confining units for wastewater isolation and plume management Various waters available for treatment Wastewater ~1000 mg/l total dissolved solids (TDS) Shallow Eocene Formation water ~28,500 mg/l TDS Deep Lower Cretaceous (Tuscaloosa Formation) water ~166,000 mg/l TDS 15 ARM Test Formation

16 PRESSURE MANAGEMENT SCENARIOS TO BE FIELD- TESTED AT PLANT SMITH The existing Gulf Power pressure relief well and a new extraction well (to be installed) will be used to validate passive and active pressure management strategies. Large contrast between injected wastewater and native brine also enables geophysical monitoring and steering of the plume. Use of pressure relief well results in 40% less brine needing extraction. Model Results 1: Pressure distribution from active injection and extraction Model Results 2: Addition of passive relief well reduces pressure on a hypothetical fault and less brine needing extraction

17 MVA INVERSION FOR PRESSURE AND SALINITY Borehole Continuous and time-lapse (discrete) borehole measurements of fluid pressure, flow rate, temperature, and electrical conductivity will be used to provide high-resolution, ground-truth, direct measurements at discrete locations (1-D). Electromagnetic (EM) Time-lapse crosswell and boreholeto-surface EM (BSEM) will provide indirect measurements of the higher-resistivity injected ash pond water with spatial resolutions in 2-D and 3-D approaching several meters to tens of meters, respectively. InSAR InSAR will be used to map surface deformations resulting from subsurface pressure increases over 16-day intervals. Joint Inversion We will use LBNL s powerful inverse modeling and parameter estimation tool itough (in its parallel version MPiTOUGH2) for the automated joint inversion of hydrological, large-scale geophysical (EM) data and surface deformation data.

18 PROPOSED WATER TREATMENT USER FACILITY Infrastructure 4 open-air test pads with secondary containment Utilities Live water ranging from ,000 mg/l TDS Operations On-site operations manager Security Validation Third-party sampling/analyses (EPRI) 18

19 KEY RESEARCH ACTIVITIES Project duration 48 months ( ) Permit and install two new wells ( ) Site characterization ( ) Construct and operate pipeline ( ) Build/operate water injection, extraction, and treatment system ( ) Execute MVA ( ) Implement adaptive management strategy ( ) Analysis and reporting (2020) Site closure (2020)

20 NORTH DAKOTA BRINE EXTRACTION AND STORAGE TEST 20

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22 NORTH DAKOTA SITE

23 1 SITE GEOLOGY Inyan Kara Inyan Kara Formation Nearshore/shallow marine sandstone 1568 m depth (5145 ft) ~120 m thick (400 ft) Broom Creek Formation Eolian/nearshore marine sandstone 2277 m depth (7470 ft) ~20 m thick (65 ft) Both formations have thick sealing units and are potential CO 2 storage targets in the Williston Basin. 23 Swift

24 MODELING AND SIMULATION 24

25 Difference Business as Usual Brine Extraction 25

26 Difference Business as Usual Brine Extraction

27 MVA PROGRAM Reservoir Surveillance Well evaluation Logging, coring, testing BSEM Active reservoir surveillance Pressure, temperature, flow rates, fluid density Tracer survey Fluid sampling Safety and Performance Tank and pipeline monitoring Flow and density meters Power and chemicals Pipeline monitoring High-level/low-level shutdown Remote sensing 27

28 BRINE TREATMENT TEST BED Enable development, pilot testing, and advancement of extracted and produced water treatment technologies that can meaningfully reduce brine disposal volumes and provide an alternate source of water and/or salable products for beneficial use. 28

29 BRINE TREATMENT TEST BED Permanently installed heated enclosure with a concrete floor integrated with ARM-related infrastructure day extended-duration tests 24/7/365 operations-capable Monitoring of energy, flow, chemical usage, etc. Waste management Pilot treatment rates ranging from 5 to 25 gpm Pretreatment Blending of water to target TDS level of 180,000 mg/l or tailored blends to suit capabilities and/or limitations of selected technologies Suspended solids removal (dissolved air flotation [DAF]) Dissolved organics removal (granular activated carbon [GAC]) Technology demonstration bay Accommodates standard semitractor trailer (53 ft long) inside the building 300 kw electric power Propane (5000-gal tank) Noncontact cooling water (30 gpm) Rural Water Supply

30 BRINE TREATMENT TEST BED OPERATIONS Shakedown testing of all pretreatment equipment prior to pilot tests. Selected technologies connected to the test bed facility electric, propane, cooling water (EERC assistance to ensure safety requirements are satisfied). Technology vendors to provide operations staff, with assistance by EERC staff. During steady-state operation, EERC staff will conduct energy and material balances (power consumption, process flows, influent and effluent quality analyses). Extended operating periods (60+ days) to identify maintenance requirements and any operational issues. Operations will be scheduled to coincide with preferable operational windows (weather, ARM test program, etc.) where possible. Top-ranked technologies may receive operating cost offsets. 30

31 NORTH DAKOTA PROJECT TIME LINE July 7, 2016 July 2017 April 2020 July 2020 Site Preparation Operations Decommissioning Contracting BSEM survey Public outreach Well interference testing Site survey ARM demonstration Permitting and bonding Tracer survey Install brine handling Brine treatment technology testing Drill BEST-E1 well Brine treatment technology assessment Drill BEST-I1 well Repeat BSEM survey Utility installation Install pipeline Brine treatment facility installation, testing, and training 31 Brine treatment technology selection Contracting Decommissioning and transfer operations to Nuverra Project reporting

32 SOLICITING BRINE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES NETL, EPRI, and the EERC are coordinating efforts to define water treatment goals and solicit technologies for pilot testing. The two facilities will provide unique water treatment scenarios but will have similar operational capabilities. Both facilities will provide opportunity for extended duration testing. The test bed facilities are anticipated to be operational beginning in 2017 (EERC) and 2018 (EPRI). 32

33 SUMMARY The U.S. Department of Energy s Brine Extraction and Storage Test (BEST) Projects are designed to field-test ARM strategies that can improve CO 2 storage potential for dedicated geologic storage projects. Two field projects are being implemented in the United States, one in North Dakota and one in Florida. Brine treatment technology test bed facilities will be built and operated to pilot test technologies capable of treating high-tds extracted brines. The program is focused on dedicated geologic CO 2 storage applications, but the outcomes will likely benefit a broad range of industries.

34 THANK YOU!

35 CONTACT INFORMATION Energy & Environmental Research Center University of North Dakota 15 North 23rd Street, Stop 9018 Grand Forks, ND (phone) (fax) John A. Hamling, Principal Engineer 35

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