We Can Do It. Here! MSU Climate Change Symposium April 26, Dave Barnes Western Michigan University

Transcription

1 We Can Do It MSU Climate Change Symposium April 26, 2010 Here! Dave Barnes Western Michigan University 1

2 The world's scientific community has concluded with a very high level of confidence that emissions of greenhouse gases are causing the Earth's climate to warm. The State of Michigan can play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions through.. encouraging technology innovation and the adoption of policies that provide net economic and environmental benefits 2

3 Source: Final Michigan Greenhouse Gas Inventory; Center for Climate Strategies, November

4 Source: Final Michigan Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Reference Case Projections , Center for Climate Strategies, November

5 5

6 Addressing GHG emissions/ climate change for the next 50 years with current technologies Reducing GHG emissions to ensure atmospheric CO 2 concentration < 500ppm* *Unfortunately some believe that, at an atmospheric CO 2 concentration in excess of 380ppm, we are already at a climate change tipping point.. S. Pacala and R. Socolow

7 8 Energy Technology Categories and Possible Pathways to GHG Emissions Mitigation Using Existing Technologies; An International perspective transportation International Energy Agency,

8 Rapidly transforming U.S. Fossil Fuel Intensive energy infrastructure to a low/no GHG emissions infrastructure on the time frame necessary to address climate change Is a Formidable Challenge 8

9 9

10 While the age of Michigan's coalburning power generation fleet is a challenge, it is also an opportunity. Many plants will be candidates for retrofit or replacement within the forecast period, so the opportunity to move to lower-ghg fuels and advanced coal combustion technology is substantial 10

11 Advanced (fossil fuel-based electric generation) technologies combined with carbon capture and sequestration (and geostorage) or reuse (CCSR), may have the potential to materially lower CO 2 emissions associated with fossil fuel-based electric Michigan should initially encourage enhanced oil recovery and the accompanying modest carbon storage from this activity, and sequestration in depleted oil and gas fields within the 2--5-year time frame. 11

12 By 2015, Michigan should encourage and support additional pilot/demonstration activity for deep carbon geostorage in several locations in the state. By 2020, Michigan should have a robust legal and policy framework consistent with national intent that enables full-scale industrial carbon geostorage capabilities. 12

13 AKA: Geological Carbon Sequestration The safe and permanent storage of CO2 in geological media Reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. From: CO2CRC13

14 Storage Capacity Volume requirements of anthropogenic CO2 sources vs Pore volume, area, temperature/pressure (>2,600 ft, MD) Injectivity Potential Permeability, porosity, and thickness Containment/Security Seal and trap suitable for CO2 Site Details Site technical and economic viability Distance from source, depth to reservoir Non-interference with Existing Natural Resources 14

15 As much as 16,000ft of bedrock sedimentary strata (below glacial drift) } MI Storage Potential >40Gt MI Emissions ~93Mt/yr 15

16 1,000,000 4,000,000 16

17 17

18 Midwest RCSP is one of seven U.S. DOE/NETL RCSP s. Nine-state region of IN, KY, MD, MI, NY, NJ, OH, PA, WV Phase I Launched, fall 2003; Phase II commenced October Michigan Basin site is one of three demonstration CO 2 injection test sites. 18

19 Initial ~20 days of CO 2 injection: >10,000 mt Variable injection rates to pipeline Annualized injection rates: ~220,000 mt/yr Data extrapolation suggest maximum injection rates: ,000 mt/year An additional 50,000 metric tons of CO 2 has been injected into the reservoir zone: Analysis in Progress Analysis and interpretations of injection data by: Joel Sminchak, Battelle Memorial 19

20 Bass Islands Structure Isopach, and Storage Capacity 20

21 21

22 22

23 23

24 Northern Niagaran CO 2 /EOR Potential (barrels of Petroleum): Million (today's value > $1 billion) Geostorage potential: million metric tons of CO 2 24

25 25

26 Estimated Geological Storage Capacity in Michigan: 29 billion metric tons of CO 2 * *Recent investigations indicate substantial increase in capacity in SE Michigan 26

27 Acknowledgment to: Congressman Fred Upton and his Staff for support of our work through Congressional Earmark Funding 27

28 28