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1 This presentation is posted for public use. ACEEE does not endorse any product or service. ACEEE accepts no responsibility for any facts or claims this presentation may contain.

2 Don t think of this as the LAST presentation

3 Think of it as having dozens of opening acts! Thank you for coming!

4 Forget That Hover Car: Finding a Sustainable Future Through Water and Energy Codes ALICE LA PIERRE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY COORDINATOR, AND ARCHITECT CITY OF BERKELEY

5 Berkeley s Current Energy Ordinances 1986: Commercial Energy Conservation Ordinance (CECO): Requires an initial audit before any work is done, to discover existing energy consuming features, and determine what can be made more efficient, based on existing use. All energy systems, including building envelope, are addressed. Triggered at point of sale, or $50k+ remodeling or retrofit; work is tied to permits

6 Berkeley s Current Energy Ordinances 1989: Residential Energy Conservation Ordinance (RECO): Requires that residential buildings, including multifamily, undergo prescriptive audit to determine state of 13 energy and water measures Requires compliance of all applicable measures up to the Max. Spending Allowance (3/4 of 1% of final sale price, or $750/$100k of sale price or fraction thereof) Triggered at point of sale, or $50k+ remodeling or retrofit; work is tied to permits

7 Berkeley s Current Energy Ordinances Why did Berkeley enact these ordinances? History Lesson! 1950s postwar US: attitude of unlimited resources

8 Berkeley s Current Energy Ordinances 1950s postwar US: attitude of unlimited resources The promise of nuclear power too cheap to meter.

9 Berkeley s Current Energy Ordinances 1950s postwar US: attitude of unlimited resources The promise of nuclear power too cheap to meter. Huge environmental problems in the mid century

10 Berkeley s Current Energy Ordinances 1950s postwar US: attitude of unlimited resources The promise of nuclear power too cheap to meter. Huge environmental problems in the mid century Illegal toxic dumping and burying

11 Berkeley s Current Energy Ordinances 1950s postwar US: attitude of unlimited resources The promise of nuclear power too cheap to meter. Huge environmental problems in the mid century Illegal toxic dumping and burying Toxins in our waterways

12 Berkeley s Current Energy Ordinances 1950s postwar US: attitude of unlimited resources The promise of nuclear power too cheap to meter. Huge environmental problems in the mid century Illegal toxic dumping and burying Toxins in our waterways Coal fired power plants/strip mining

13 Average Americans 1970 What were you doing in 1970? Earth Day founded by Senator Gaylord Nelson of Minnesota on April 22, 1970

14 Average Americans

15 The Future!

16

17 Federal Government 1970 Creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (AFTER we put a man on the moon) Focused on solid waste pollutants, endangered species, and smoke stack emissions for the first 30 years 1973 OPEC Oil Embargo

18 Oil Import Prices

19 Berkeley s Energy Efficiency Goals, Successes and Challenges CECO commercial buildings (1986) RECO residential buildings, 1989 (overall bigger impact, due to the volume of sales and remodels) Average of 300 home sales or transfers annually Average of 300 remodels annually

20 RECO Measures & WAGS for Savings Item Requirement Annual Energy Cost Savings (per device) Annual Savings (per device) Water-efficient Toilets 1.6 gal/ flush or flow reduction $ gal/ flush devices Showerheads 3.0 gal/ minute flow rate $10-$52 2 gal/ min Faucet Aerators 2.75 gal/ minute flow rate $4.00 Water Heater Blankets Insulation wrap of R-12 value $ $ MMBtu) Hot & Cold Water Piping Insulate 2 feet from heater to R-3 $ $ MMBtu value Hot Water Piping Pump Insulate all pipes to R-3 value $ $ Exterior Door Weatherstripping Furnace Duct Work Fireplace Chimneys Permanently affix weather stripping, and door sweeps or door shoes Seal duct joints and insulation wrap to R-3 Must have damper, doors, or closures $ $ ,000 Btu/ CFM* $ MMBtu $ ,000 Btu/ CFM* Ceiling Insulation Insulate to R-30 value or greater $ MMBtu Common Area Lighting (multiunit buildings) Replace bulbs with CFL of at least 25 lumens 75% of lighting portion of electricity costs 75% of electrical use per lamp installed

21 RECO Measures Loopholes in the Ordinance Allows pass through of work to Buyer 1 time per property; as a result, lots of buildings had no retrofit for the first 10 years of the ordinance Berkeley has ~44,000 housing units 65% is multifamily housing (triplex or greater) Estimate ~3,300 housing units have undergone RECO since ordinance was enacted Includes single family and multifamily

22 Residential Energy Consumption (PG&E data) Electricity: 1,320,000 kwh Natural Gas: 811,800 therms Water Savings: 132, 048,000 gallons (assumes a household of 4 we have a lot of student households with more than this, but also 1 and 2 person households) Jump in construction of all electric MF buildings (~800 units) Residential Consumption Change Change Electricity (MWh) 170, , , % 7.9% Natural Gas (1000 therms) 24,386 23,190 19, % What happened in 2000? ENRON.

23 RECO Lessons Learned Need a Performance Based Ordinance (currently drafted) Need funding for more data collection and analysis under new ordinance (using performance based auditing software that will include water analysis) Marketing of Ordinance to Realtors and Property owners: Easier to sell water efficiency, because people relate to drought. Water is tangible, whereas energy isn t. Hover cars and jet packs don t represent real sustainability.

24 Questions? Thank you! Alice La Pierre Energy Efficiency Coordinator, City of Berkeley B Arch, UC Berkeley/Wellesley/MIT HERS Rater; Building Science Specialist Energy@CityofBerkeley.info