Cobalt Metal Exposure Scenarios_2015 update Version 05/11/2015

Transcription

1 9. ES 9: Use at industrial site; Industrial use of cobalt in the production of diamond tools 9.1. Title section Base metals and alloys (PC 7) Metal surface treatment products, including galvanic and electroplating products (PC 14) Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment (SU 15) Environment CS 1: Industrial use of cobalt in the production of diamond tools ES1 STP Discharge CS 2: Industrial use of cobalt in the production of diamond tools ES2 Direct Discharge CS 3: Industrial use of cobalt in the production of diamond tools ES3 Marine Discharge Worker ERC 5 ERC 5 ERC 5 CS 4-6: Raw material handling PROC 26, PROC 8b, PROC 9 CS 7-8: Wet process PROC 5, PROC 4 CS 9-11: Hot (metallurgical) processes PROC 25, PROC 14, PROC 22 CS 12-13: Mechanical finishing processes PROC 24, PROC 21 CS 14: Packaging PROC 21 CS 15-16: Cleaning & Maintenance PROC 8a, PROC 26 Subsequent service life exposure scenario(s) ES 14: Service life (professional worker); Service life of cobalt-containing tools in professional settings ES 17: Service life (consumers); Service life of diamond tools and other cobalt-containing tools other than hard metal used by consumers 9.2. Conditions of use affecting exposure Control of environmental exposure: Industrial use of cobalt in the production of diamond tools ES1 STP Discharge (ERC 5) Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life) Daily amount per site <= 0.22 tonnes/day Annual amount per site <= 51.0 tonnes/year Emission days >= days/year Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber Conditions and measures related to sewage treatment plant Estimated substance removal from wastewater via municipal sewage treatment 40% 1

2 Conditions and measures related to treatment of waste (including article waste) Dispose of waste or used sacks/containers according to local regulations. Other conditions affecting environmental exposure Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 2000 m3/d Receiving surface water flow >= m3/d Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= Control of environmental exposure: Industrial use of cobalt in the production of diamond tools ES2 Direct Discharge (ERC 5) Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life) Daily amount per site <= 0.22 tonnes/day Annual amount per site <= 51.0 tonnes/year Emission days >= days/year Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber Conditions and measures related to sewage treatment plant No STP Conditions and measures related to treatment of waste (including article waste) Dispose of waste or used sacks/containers according to local regulations. Other conditions affecting environmental exposure Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 2000 m3/d Receiving surface water flow >= m3/d Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= Control of environmental exposure: Industrial use of cobalt in the production of diamond tools ES3 Marine Discharge (ERC 5) Amount used, frequency and duration of use (or from service life) Daily amount per site <= 0.22 tonnes/day Annual amount per site <= 51.0 tonnes/year Emission days >= days/year Chemical precipitation or sedimentation or filtration or electrolysis or reverse osmosis or ion exchange Electrostatic precipitator or wet electrostatic precipitator or cyclones or fabric/bag filter or ceramic/metal mesh filter or wet scrubber Conditions and measures related to sewage treatment plant No STP Conditions and measures related to treatment of waste (including article waste) 2

3 Dispose of waste or used sacks/containers according to local regulations. Other conditions affecting environmental exposure Assumed effluent discharge flow from site >= 2000 m3/d Receiving surface water flow >= m3/d Receiving water dilution (fresh or marine) >= Control of worker exposure: Raw material handling (PROC 26, PROC 8b, PROC 9) Physical form covered in this ES: Solid, powder / dust. Physical form covered in this ES: Solid, granulate. Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Medium. Use of an integrated local exhaust ventilation with an efficiency of at least 90.0% is required. Level of automation should be semi-automated. Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation APF of RPE = 10 (90.0% respiratory protection) Control of worker exposure: Wet process (PROC 5, PROC 4) Physical form covered in this ES: Aqueous solution. Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low. Use of a local exhaust ventilation with an efficiency of at least 78.0% is required Control of worker exposure: Hot (metallurgical) processes (PROC 25, PROC 14, PROC 22) Physical form covered in this ES: Massive object. Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Low (temperature based). 3

4 Limit the process temperature to 1200 C. Limit the process pressure to kPa. Ensure enclosure of furnace operation. Use of an integrated local exhaust ventilation with an efficiency of at least 90.0% is required. Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation APF of RPE = 10 (90.0% respiratory protection) Control of worker exposure: Mechanical finishing processes (PROC 24, PROC 21) Physical form covered in this ES: Bound in article. Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Medium (abrasion based) Control of worker exposure: Packaging (PROC 21) Physical form covered in this ES: Bound in article. Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: Very low Control of worker exposure: Cleaning & Maintenance (PROC 8a, PROC 26) Physical form covered in this ES: Solid, powder / dust. Maximum emission potential covered in this ES: High. Process is carried out at ambient pressure. Maintenance and repair work only at facilities which are not in operation. Minor cleaning tasks may be conducted under operation. Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation APF of RPE = 40 (97.5% respiratory protection). 4

5 9.3. Exposure estimation and reference to its source Environmental release and exposure: Industrial use of cobalt in the production of diamond tools ES1 STP Discharge (ERC 5) Release route Release rate Release estimation method Water kg/day Release factor Air kg/day Release factor Soil 0 kg/day Release factor Protection target Exposure concentration Risk characterisation Freshwater Local PEC: 0.18 µg/l 0.30 Sediment (freshwater) Local PEC: 7.41 mg/kg dw 0.78 Sewage treatment plant Local PEC: 0.01 mg/l 0.04 Agricultural soil Local PEC: 0.42 mg/kg dw 0.04 Air Local PEC: 1.17 ng/m 3 No environmental hazard Man via Environment - Inhalation Local PEC: 1.17 ng/m³ < 0.01 Man via Environment - Oral Exposure via food consumption: µg/kg/d Environmental release and exposure: Industrial use of cobalt in the production of diamond tools ES2 Direct Discharge (ERC 5) Release route Release rate Release estimation method Water kg/day Release factor Air kg/day Release factor Soil 0 kg/day Release factor Protection target Exposure concentration Risk characterisation Freshwater Local PEC: 0.17 µg/l 0.28 Sediment (freshwater) Local PEC: 6.88 mg/kg dw 0.72 Agricultural soil Local PEC: 0.01 mg/kg dw < 0.01 Air Local PEC: 1.17 ng/m 3 No environmental hazard Man via Environment - Inhalation Local PEC: 1.17 ng/m³ < 0.01 Man via Environment - Oral Exposure via food consumption: µg/kg/d

6 Environmental release and exposure: Industrial use of cobalt in the production of diamond tools ES3 Marine Discharge (ERC 5) Release route Release rate Release estimation method Water kg/day Release factor Air kg/day Release factor Soil 0 kg/day Release factor Protection target Exposure concentration Risk characterisation Marine water Local PEC: 0.11 µg/l 0.05 Sediment (marine water) Local PEC: 8.71 mg/kg dw 0.92 Agricultural soil Local PEC: 0.01 mg/kg dw < 0.01 Air Local PEC: 1.17 ng/m 3 No environmental hazard Man via Environment - Inhalation Local PEC: 1.17 ng/m³ < 0.01 Man via Environment - Oral Exposure via food consumption: µg/kg/d Worker exposure: Raw material handling (PROC 26, PROC 8b, PROC 9) Inhalation, local, long-term 21 µg/m³ (Measured HH: Analogous data) Worker exposure: Wet process (PROC 5, PROC 4) Inhalation, local, long-term 11 µg/m³ (External Tool: MEASE) Worker exposure: Hot (metallurgical) processes (PROC 25, PROC 14, PROC 22) Inhalation, local, long-term 17 µg/m³ (Measured HH: Analogous data) Worker exposure: Mechanical finishing processes (PROC 24, PROC 21) Inhalation, local, long-term 24 µg/m³ (Measured HH: Analogous data) Worker exposure: Packaging (PROC 21) Inhalation, local, long-term 9 µg/m³ (Measured HH: Analogous data) Worker exposure: Cleaning & Maintenance (PROC 8a, PROC 26) Inhalation, local, long-term 24 µg/m³ (Measured HH: Analogous data) 0.6 6

7 9.4. Guidance to DU to evaluate whether he works inside the boundaries set by the ES Please refer to Section 0.3 of this "ES for Communication". 7