Safe CO 2 Pipeline Transport Understanding the Hazards and Risks

Transcription

1 Safe CO 2 Pipeline Transport Understanding the Hazards and Risks Rosemary Whitbread 13 th March 2012 Enabling a better working Britain for the last 100 years An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive

2 APGTF Strategy - Transport

3 HSE s Current Policy Position THE HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS AND REGULATORY STRATERGY RELATED TO ENERGY DEVELOPMENTS An expert report by the Health and Safety Executive contributing to the Government's Energy Review, June 2006 Connolly S and Cusco L Potential hazards from high pressure carbon dioxide releases during carbon dioxide sequestration processes 12th International Symposium on Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries, Edinburgh, May Comparison of risks from carbon dioxide and natural gas pipelines Prepared by the Health and Safety Laboratory for the Health and Safety Executive 2009 Consultation on Amendments to the Pipeline Safety Regulations 1996 Jan March 2010 Classifying carbon dioxide as a dangerous fluid Update Feb 2012 HSE continues to review evidence base to ensure the regulatory framework is appropriate Operators can best meet their duties under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 by applying the principles of the major hazard regulatory framework

4 A Risk Assessment Approach

5 How harmful is CO 2? The HSE Dangerous Toxic Load (DTL) Describes exposure conditions (concentration and time) causing a defined level of toxicity Used in Industrial Major Accident risk assessment Expressed as: ppmn.min = DTL where n is an exponent Specified Level of Toxicity (SLOT) DTL: severe distress, many people need treatment, some hospitalised, occasional deaths Significant Likelihood of Death (SLOD) DTL: 50% mortality in exposed population Toxicity of CO 2 in context Carbon Dioxide Hydrogen Sulphide Sulphur Dioxide 5 minute exposure limit 15,000 ppm 15 ppm 5 ppm 8 hour exposure limit 5,000 ppm 10 pmm 2 ppm

6 Pipeline Rupture CO 2 Stream Impurities? Construction Material New/Reused pipeline Failure rates

7 HSL Lab-scale dense phase CO 2 jet release facility Free-jet and plate impingement Sub and super critical release conditions Measurements: Upstream temperature and pressure Mass flow rate Visualisation of jet structure (shadowgraphy/schlieren) Temperature Concentration Particle sizing Developing a land use planning methodology for CO 2 Represent HSE in JIPs Controlled and repeatable conditions to generate high quality data to validate near field jet models

8 CO 2 PIPEHAZ Quantitative Hazard Assessment for Next Generation CO2 Pipelines Funded by European Commission under the 7 th Framework Energy Programme Objectives Addressing accurate predictions of fluid phase, discharge rate, atmospheric dispersion Quantifying all hazardous consequences Basis for emergency response & land use planning

9 CO 2 PIPEHAZ

10 MATTRAN Materials for Next Generation CO 2 Pipeline Transport Systems multi-consortium project sponsored by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Aim providing the tools and information necessary for pipeline engineers to select appropriate materials and operating conditions to control corrosion, stress corrosion cracking and fracture propagation in pipelines and associated equipment carrying supercritical CO 2

11 MATTRAN

12 DNV CO 2 PIPETRANS Phase 1 fast track one year project Provides guidance and sets out criteria for safe, reliable and cost efficient development, design, construction and operation of pipelines intended for CCS scale transmission of CO 2 in pipelines Applicable to both onshore and offshore pipelines Supplement to current pipeline standards Based on industry experience from CO 2 pipeline operators and best available knowledge Industry consensus achieved, enabling CCS projects to move forward by enhancing the robustness Phase 2 closing significant knowledge gaps and updating the recommended practice

13 DNV CO 2 PIPETRANS

14 DNV CO 2 PIPETRANS Scope of Work WP 1 Dense phase CO 2 release modelling validation data WP 2 Full scale crack arrest testing WP 3 Corrosion WP 4 Material compatibility (elastomers/polymers) WP 5 Examine effects of contaminants on the phase diagram WP 6 Hydrate formation/ Waste solubility WP 7 Public communication and interaction WP 8 Update of Recommended Practice

15 CO 2 COOLTRANS National Grid funded JIP investigating dense phase CO 2 pipeline design requirements risk assessment environmental impact and safe operation informing regulation and codes for safe operation of anthropogenic pipelines

16 Other Research CO2 VIP JIP (SPT) Improvement in hydraulic modelling software including transient and steady state experiments SARCO2A and B Requirements for Safe and Reliable CO2 Transportation Pipeline - collaborative European industry project IFE Norway Research on anthropogenic CO2 corrosion with focus on the effect of impurities TWI MASCO2T Materials assessment for supercritical CO2 transport FP7 Energy Call - Topic ENERGY : Impact of the quality of CO2 on transport and storage

17 New Challenges How much certainty do we need before we can start developing the necessary infrastructure? How do we ensure appropriate knowledge transfer both between the various projects and with the wider CCS community? Does the timetable for the research fit with the proposals for an International Standard for CCS?

18 Thank you T: M: th October 2011