Carbon Dioxide Utilisation (CDU)

Transcription

1 Carbon Dioxide Utilisation (CDU) Peter Styring Professor of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry The University of Sheffield United Kingdom UKCCCS Biennial Sheffield 2013

2 The CO2Chem Network Network has 550 individual members (April 2013) 80% from the UK, 20% from rest of the world 225 different organisations are represented 76 Academic = 34% 103 Industry = 46% 46 Other = 20% Website at Website has members database, links to research papers, presentations from events and latest news Networking at a CO2Chem event in 2011 led to an FP7 proposal that was funded to 2 million. The partners had never met before that event.

3

4 Key Research Priorities

5 Public Perception of CDU Systems Approaches to CDU Integration Carbon Capture for CDU Mineral Carbonation CO2Chem Network Electrochemical Approaches Biotransformations Solvents and Synthons Fuels Polymers

6 Research Cluster Aims To encourage collaborations to form and grants to be applied for. Allow industry and academics to learn from each other. Give all participants the opportunity to share their current research. Identify barriers to reaching research goals and strategies to overcome them. Review and revise the cluster research targets on an annual basis. Clusters meet at least annually and one whole network meeting is held per year.

7 Current Activities Recent review paper in The Catalyst Review Moderating a session for DECC 4 Kingdom Initiative discussion on Uses for CO 2 Contract with Elsevier to edit a textbook on CO 2 utilisation Giving a plenary session at ICCDU 2013, plus network members giving oral presentations Second industry meeting planned for Autumn 2013

8 Current Activities Writing a follow up document to Carbon Capture and Utilisation in the Green Economy focussing on energy storage Speaking engagements in UK, Denmark, Germany Joint meeting with two other Grand Challenge networks in Sept 2013 Hosting Faraday Discussion on CDU in 2016

9 Global Warming Svante Arrhenius in early 20 th century calculated that CO 2 emissions from human activities might one day contribute towards global warming Confirmed In 1938, Guy Stewart Callendar

10 Sources of CO 2 Residential 15% Industrial 10% Power generation 33% Emissions CO 2 accounts for 80% of greenhouse gases Greenhouse gases contribute to global warming Other 2% Transport 24% Business 16% 33% of CO 2 emissions from power generation in the UK CO 2 Emissions by Sector, UK 2008 (Department of Energy and Climate Change, 2010) Energy Source Running out of economically and environmentally viable fossil fuels

11 United States Carbon Utilization and Storage Atlas 2012, DoE

12 12 Direct CO 2 emissions from industrial processes (except power and heat generation) EU in million tons (total 300 million tons) Cement production Lime production Ammonia production Metal production Wastewater handling 25 Managed waste disposal 65 Dr. Fabrizio Sibilla, Michael Carus Source data: European Environment Agency (EEA), 2012) The amount of CO 2 needed from the EU27 industrial chemistry sector to cover their actual feedstock demand is 235 million tons

13

14

15 Carbon Dioxide Concentrations Atmosphere (2009) % Fossil fuel consumption ca. 10% Natural gas streams up to 20% Underground wells % Fermentation 100%* Industrial processes: ammonia & hydrogen production, ethylene oxide synthesis, acid neutralisation * Trace H 2 S

16 Process Storage T, p pipeline CO 2 Air N 2 Catalytic Reactor Municipal waste EWP CO 2 Capture CO 2 C-1 chemistry heat power water H 2 C-12 / C-18

17 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) CO 2 oil

18 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) CO 2 oil + CO 2 CO 2

19 Economic Viability CCS: Point Source Capture / Remote Storage / No Utilisation / Economic Loss EOR: Point Source Capture / Remote Storage/ Crude Oil into Supply Chain / Economic Gain CDU: Point Source Capture / Local Storage / Diverse Chemical Production / Economic Gain Long-term need for air capture and local production with local energy integration

20 Carbon Capture and Utilisation in the green economy Using CO 2 to manufacture fuel, chemicals and materials Authors Peter Styring (The University of Sheffield), Daan Jansen (ECN) Co-authors Heleen de Coninck (ECN), Hans Reith (ECN), Katy Armstrong (The University of Sheffield)

21 CO2Chem

22

23

24

25

26 W., P. Burgherr, G. Heath, M. Lenzen, J. Nyboer, A. Verbruggen, 2011: Annex II: Methodology. In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation Lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions by electricity source Technology Description 50th percentile (g CO2/kWh e ) Hydroelectric reservoir 4 Wind onshore 12 Nuclear various generation II reactor types Biomass various 18 Solar thermal parabolic trough 22 Geothermal hot dry rock 45 Solar PV Polycrystaline silicon Natural gas Coal various combined cycle turbines without scrubbing various generator types without scrubbing

27 CO 2 Utilisation and Turnover Comparison of possible products Carbon dioxide utilised / tonnes per day urea methanol acetic acid salicylic acid Product kerosene Turnover / 1000 per day carbon dioxide utilised / tonnes per day turnover / 1000 per day

28 Costing Diesel and Aviation fuel production design scenario Capital investment estimate: 84 million Annual turnover: 40 million Payback: estimated at 5 years

29 Technology Analysis Taken from Juaied, Saudi Aramco, 2013

30 Life Cycle Analysis Taken from Juaied, Saudi Aramco, 2013

31 Conclusions CCS is essential in the short-term to meet emissions reduction targets CCS-EOR can provide short-term payback but is not viable long-term or environmentally if realistic boundaries are set CDU can yield a profit but is unlikely to satisfy emissions reduction targets (max. 20% contribution)

32 Join CO2Chem To join the network Katy Armstrong, the Network Manager: