Tissa U. Liyanage, Pradeepa R. Jayaratne and Amal S. Kumarage

Transcription

1 Tissa U. Liyanage, Pradeepa R. Jayaratne and Amal S. Kumarage Annual Sessions, Institute of Engineers Sri Lanka 2th October 28 1

2 Problem Identification Public bus transport in most developing countries is not at a satisfactory level especially from the passenger s point of view. Major issues that are reported often are: Overloading especially at peak hours Waiting and travel time delays Anti-social behaviour of bus crews High fare compared to quality of service provided Inadequate and unacceptable user comfort Lack of user rights Lack of services on non profitable route service Dangerous and unsafe to use. 2

3 The primary objective is to identify the scalar value of the different problems faced by bus passengers in Sri Lanka. Secondly to compare the effect and significance of such problems between Urban and Rural passengers. 3

4 Apparent Reasons for the Problems in Bus Passenger Transportation Inappropriate demand management and short-supply of public transport to satisfy both user and operator simultaneously. Negligence of the qualitative parameters of the transport supply demanded by passengers (comfort, convenience, user rights, ) Lack of awareness of the passenger rights among passengers themselves Lack of understanding the contextually different problems by passenger communities as well as policy agencies. (For example the requirements of typical urban passengers differ to those of rural passengers). 4

5 Bus Transport in Sri Lanka (21) Mode of Travel Travel Kilometres (Mn) Vehicle Passenger Bus 966 (8%) 45,47 (68%) Private Vehicles 7,861 (64%) 15,831 (24%) Railways 11 (%) 3,6 (5%) Three Wheelers 1,548 (13%) 1,161 (2%) Truck/Land Vehicles 1,813 (15%) 97 (1%) Water Transport 3 (%) Total 12,22 (%) 66,96 (%) Kumarage,21 5

6 Colombo Metropolitan Region (CMR) Mattegoda Housing Scheme Kudaligama Village 6

7 Identification of Passenger Problems Data Collection (Urban & Rural) Household Survey On Site Survey Data Collection Problems from Passenger Point of view Service Supply Level by Buses Analysis of Passenger Problems Analysis of Demand and Supply Data Analysis Comparison of Analyzed Results with Actual Conclusion & Recommendation Results 7

8 Urban Area (Mattegoda (Mattegoda Housing Scheme) Kottawa,12km from Colombo Mattegoda Housing Scheme km A 4 S km Household Survey Data Total households = 12 Surveyed Sample = 12 (%) B,C & F Type Population = 3 On-Site Surveys ( 138, 342) Bus Passenger Travel Time Survey Bus Passenger Loading Survey (Location S1 & several places on A4 road ) 8

9 Rural Area (Kudaligama (Kudaligama Village) Kudaligama,14km from Matugama km Matugama Town S 2 B B8 8 Household Survey Data Total households = 7 Surveyed Sample = 121 (16%) Population = 18 On-Site Surveys ( 433) Bus Passenger Travel Time Survey Bus Passenger Loading Survey (Location S2 ) 9

10 Questions posed to Bus Passengers Overloading 2. Travel Time Delay 3. Waiting Time 4. Unsatisfactory Condition of Buses 5. Unsatisfactory Condition of Bus Stops 6. Bus Conductor s Behaviour 7. Bus Driver s Behaviour 8. Not Issuing Tickets 9. High Bus Fare. Lack of Early Morning and Late Night Services 1.

11 8 Overloading 6 Travel Time Percentage Response (%) Urban Rural Percentage Response (%) Urban Rural Very Good (9-) Good (7-9) Unsatisfied (4-7) Service Level Poor (-4) Very Good (9-) Good (7-9) Unsatisfied (4-7) Service Level Poor (-4) 6 Waiting Time Percentage Response (%) Urban Rural Very Good (9-) Good (7-9) Unsatisfied Service Level (4-7) Poor (-4) 11

12 8 Bus Conductors Behaviour 8 Bus Drivers Behaviour Percentage Response (%) Urban Rural Percentage Response (%) Urban Rural Very Good (9-) Good (7-9) Unsatisfied Service Level (4-7) Poor (-4) Very Good (9-) Good (7-9) Unsatisfied Service Level (4-7) Poor (-4) Percentage Response (%) Urban Rural Condition of Bus Percentage Response (%) Condition of Bus Stops Urban Rural Very Good (9-) Good (7-9) Unsatisfied Service Level (4-7) Poor (-4) Very Good (9-) Good (7-9) Unsatisfied Service Level (4-7) Poor (-4) 12

13 7 Ticket Issuing Percentage Response (%) Urban Rural Very Good (9-) Good (7-9) Unsatisfied Service Level (4-7) Poor (-4) tage Response (%) Percent Morning & Night Services Urban Rural Very Good (9-) Good (7-9) Unsatisfied Service Level (4-7) Poor (-4) 7 High Bus Fare Percentage Response (%) Urban Rural Very Good (9-) Good (7-9) Unsatisfied Service Level (4-7) Poor (-4) 13

14 Classification of the Problem Level Quality of the Service from Passenger Point of View Range Average Marks Excellent or Very Good 9-95 Good Acceptable Unacceptable

15 Urban Rural Average Response of the Problems Very Good Average Score (%) Overloading Ticket Issuing Morning & Night Service Travel Time Bus Conductor Behavior Condition of Bus Stops Bus Drivers Behavior Waiting Time Condition of Bus High Bus Fare Problems Acceptable Unacceptable 15

16 Overloading is the most critical problem from Passenger point of view. It is unacceptable for both Urban and Rural bus passengers. Ticket issuing is the second most important problem for urban users but for rural users, this is well satisfied. 7 out of problems are more severe to urban users, where as waiting time, condition of buses, high bus fare are much sensitive to rural users. Condition of supportive infrastructure (bus stands, Bus stops, shelters) are equally important issues for both urban and rural users. 16

17 Comparison of Supply Vs Demand for Bus Passenger Transport in Urban and Rural Areas Passenger/Seat Urban Demand Rural Demand Urban Supply Rural Supply Time (Hour of Day) 17

18 Comparison between Urban & Rural Road Sections High Variation of Delay (Irregular travel behaviour) Low Variation of Delay Due to lingeringat junctions High Speed due to competition by other buses which share the demand on the main road. High travel time at rural road sections as a result of lack of competition High speed at common bus route sections where the competition from other routes persists (Competition is a decisive factor for speed) High variation of delay in rural roads but, not in urban roads during the time period of day. 18

19 Conclusion There is considerable dissatisfaction of the quality of bus services at both urban and rural areas The nature of the dissatisfaction is different between locations. The suburban area referred in this analysis, demands more qualitative bus transport and are prepared to even pay higher fares. But the needs of rural area are more in terms of the deficiency in quantity of transport. They are conscious of costs and correspondingly make lesser demands on quality. 19

20 Conclusion However both communities note that delays and overloading are a source of great irritation. Delays appear to be in the form of lingering at bus halts where there is a higher likelihood of passenger collecting. The loading pattern of both bus routes clearly indicates the absence of a controlling timetable. 2

21 Recommendation Since we cannot see favourable improvements from controlling agencies to this situation for a long period of time, it is important to test a procedure to minimise the negative impact of some of the quality issues with passenger participation. This can be made successful by implementing passenger empowerment policies to allow public transport passengers to participate in the event within a legal frame. The analysis of this research paper can be used to understand the present problems and their magnitude while such policies are formulated. 21

22 Thank you Acknowledgement The authors wish to acknowledge the use of data collected under the project Partnerships in Transport Passenger Empowerment funded by SEVANATHA Urban Resource Centre. 22