Strategy for Promotions and Development of Wind energy in Bangladesh

Transcription

1 Paper ID: Proceeding of the National Seminar on Renewable Energy-2011 Dhaka, Bangladesh. April 6-8, 2011 Strategy for Promotions and Development of Wind energy in Bangladesh Mohammed Shahed Hossain 1*, Minhaz Rahman 2, A.K.M. Nazrul Islam 3 and Md. Fuhad Hassan 4 1 Department of MIS, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh 2 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh 3 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh 4 Department of Textile Engineering, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh Abstract: Usage of wind energy has been increased in recent times especially because of its availability and lost cost rate. In Bangladesh wind energy is a very recent concept and yet several place research is going on to measure the wind speed. Both private and government organizations are working but without coordination. This paper presents the problems during the time of implementing wind energy and the strategy for promotion and development of wind energy in Bangladesh to solve that problem. With improved design for wind turbines, financial package, political will to support large-scale wind projects through public sector undertakings, and a remunerative price for wind generated electricity, it is hoped that wind energy will play a supplementary role to meet the growing power demands in the country. Key Words: Bangladesh, Wind energy, Energy Policy 1. Introduction Routine closedown, reduction of generation capacity due to prolonged use beyond economic life and the other contributing factors result of such shortfall of generating capacity, compared to the demand in Bangladesh. Thus, Load-shedding became inevitable throughout the country during peak hours. So new energy source is then searching. But unfortunately the total energy in Bangladesh major comes from oil and coal 56% where solar, wind and geothermal take places 5% of the total energy. Wind Energy has also made some inroads but its potential is mainly limited to coastal areas, and offshore islands with strong wind regimes. These coastal settings afford good opportunities for wind-powered pumping and electricity generation in Bangladesh. Although wind energy has not been fully explored, it has the potential to be a source of decentralized energy for Bangladesh. However, based on current turbine technology, for wind energy to be economically viable it has to deliver to a wind turbine an average annual wind speed of at least 5.36 m/s and above. 2. Wind region of Bangladesh Bangladesh has approximately 724 km. long coastal belt, more than 200 km long hilly coastline and more than 50 islands in the Bay of Bengal. The strong South/South-westerly monsoon wind coming from the Indian Ocean, after travelling a long distance over the water surfaces, enters into Asia over the coastal areas of Bangladesh. This trade-wind blows over our country from March to October. The wind is enhanced when it enters the V-shaped Corresponding author: 1*.shahed_me47@yahoo.com

2 coastal regions of our country. Since this trade wind strikes the coastal belt of Bangladesh, after travelling a long distance over ocean water surfaces, it becomes energetic. 3. Current Wind energy scenario in various parts in Bangladesh At present, Power is entrusted by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) to foster development of RETs in Bangladesh. The following associations are working simultaneously are- Local Government Engineering Department (LGED); Renewable Energy Research Center- University of Dhaka; Center for Energy Studies, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET); Bangladesh Power Developement Board (BPDB); Bangladesh Center for Advanced Studies (BCAS); Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committe (BRAC); Grameem Shakti (GS); Renewable Energy Program (REP). At present, several wind resource assessment program (WERM, SWERA, WRAP of BPDB) is ongoing in the country. There are 18 location from the data are collected. The locations are Barisal, Bogra, Chittagong, Comilla, Cox s Bazar, Dhaka, Dinajpur, Hatiya, Jessore, Khulna, Khepupara, Kutubdia, Mongla, Patenga, Rangamati, Sandip, Sathkira, Sylhet, Teknaf and Thakurgaon. The first wind speed studies conducted by BAEC, the study sponsored by GTZ in the coastal districts and off-shore islands. The aim of this project is to assess the potential of utilizing wind energy as mechanical and electrical power. Wind resource assessment over Bangladesh has been done independently by RISOE National Laboratory, Denmark using KAMM (Karlsruhe Atmospheric Meso- scale) model. Wind energy density predicted by RISOE show locations with power density above 200W/m 2 over 2000km 2 which is highly encouraging. 4. Government policies regarding wind energy An independent institution, Sustainable Energy Development Agency (SEDA), shall be established under the Companies Act, 1994, as a focal point for sustainable energy development and promotion, renewable energy and energy efficiency. In 1998, The Government of Bangladesh (GOB) lifted import duty and Value Added Tax (VAT) from solar photovoltaic and wind turbines. 5. Present situation of wind energy in Bangladesh Grameen Shakti installed 4 hybrid power stations (combination of wind turbine and diesel generator) in four cyclone shelters of Grameen Bank for lighting. BRAC under REP installed 11 small Wind Turbine at a capacity of 0.3 KW in various coastal area of Bangladesh. BCAS installed a wind pump in an agricultural field at Patenga with the output of 8000 liters/day. BPDB installed pilot basis 1MW at Muhuri Dam, at Feni District of Bangladesh and target to reach up to 10MW power at the same place. Moreover 1 MW New Wind Project implemented at Kutubdia as well. LGED has set up a number of 27 ft high wind pumps having a power of 0.5 h.p. (385W) at a wind speed of 4m/s in Tangail, Kuslitia, Cox's Bazar and other places. But due to the low wind speed no quantitative results are available. LGED again installed 10Kwp in Wind-Solar hybrid system at St. Martins Island and another 400Wp at Kuakata LGED guest house. A research Group of BUET is now conducting a wind speed study at close to Dhaka at a height of about 60ft withwind speed of 2-3 m/sec.

3 6. Problems towards the development Policy Barriers Policy makers don t have any dedicated financial incentive policies to encourage wind energy. There is a strong lack of legal, regulatory and policy frameworks for market oriented programs that emphasize promotion and encouragement of commercialization and private sector involvement. But unfortunately the policy makers are giving on primary technology and R&D but on scarred basis. There is no standardized power purchase agreement for wind energy. Various ministries, agencies and institutions are working but required a good coordination in between them by utilizing limited human and financial resources efficiently. Technical Barriers The main disadvantage regarding wind power is down to the winds unreliability factor. The most common reason for failure of earlier wind energy project was that they were installed without appropriate wind energy resource survey. Another big problem in wind energy is noise pollution. The noise pollution generated by the wind turbine is sometimes similar to a small jet engine thus local people living within a few meters have to face a great trouble. There was a risk that the turbine might be affected in cyclones. There is lack of standard and quality control for wind energy equipment. Local manufacturing and/or assembly of wind energy technology components are currently very limited as well as technical capacity to design, install, operate, manage and maintain wind energy. Commercial Barriers Limited knowledge on the wind energy market potential for both public and private is one of the major problems in Bangladesh. Government budgets for subsidizing wind energy project are limited as the demand for financing the various national priority areas (health, education, disaster management etc.) is great. Small and dispersed size of the wind energy market in Bangladesh does not facilitate benefits such as economies of scale as the initial capital cost in this sector is too high. Financial institutions are biased and there is no dedicate financing on wind energy. Information Barriers Lack of information about wind energy resources, technical or economic information about wind energy, equipment suppliers, and potential financiers is a major problem to the researchers. Awareness on wind energy in public, industry, utility, financial institutions and policymakers is below the expectation level. Availability and access to existing wind energy resource information is limited as the obtained information are scattered. Human Resource Barriers Expertise in technical, business management and marketing section in wind energy sector is shortage.

4 7. Strategy for Promotion and Development Implementing in Hybrid system In many areas, the winds strength is too low to support a wind turbine or wind farm, and this is where the use of solar power or geothermal power could be great alternatives or hybrid can be a good alternative. Because of low isolation and high wind speed in Monsoon, a solarwind-hybrid backed up by a diesel generator is a necessity for the sake of uninterrupted supply. Organizing the scattered information A central information point does not exist, instead information is scattered among various sectors. Making a center where public, private organization can collect the required data. Also, the potential of wind energy has not been fully explored in Bangladesh, mainly due to lack of reliable wind speed data. Gathering and allocation of Wind energy fund There is the need to create more financial support avenues to promote large scale wind farms. A wind fund in line with the one in UK can be created in India to support wind projects. Such a fund will provide equity finance for small-scale wind energy projects and will offer investment. Geographic information systems for wind sitting Latest methods like Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have to be utilized for large area screening of prospective sites for wind power development. Wind speeds at the height of a wind turbine depend strongly on terrain elevation, exposure, slope, and orientation to prevailing winds, which can be calculated from a GIS-based Digital Elevation Model (DEM). In addition, with the appropriate database, a GIS can account for other factors that affect wind site suitability, such as the distance to transmission lines, proximity to protected areas, and type of vegetation cover. Off-shore wind farms Off-shore wind farms produce on an average produce 30% more energy compared to Onshore. Moreover with Megawatt size wind turbines available, it is sensible to install them offshore on large scale. In India a beginning can be made to identify windy sites off-shore to erect large wind turbines. Steps against natural disaster Coastal side of Bangladesh is in great danger by cyclone so additional care will be needed to protect the turbine during the cyclones. Segmentation of the entire Bangladesh Under the availability of wind energy bassis Bangladesh can be divided into two regions- one Macro (National)region and other one is Micro(site) basis. Economic wind speeds are available only at very specific coastal and offshore island sites. In other parts of Bangladesh, i.e. Chittagong Hills Tracts, Panchagar etc., however, there may also be pockets of wind

5 speeds, depending on formation of thermals, tunnel-effects. Further work in this direction is being continued. However, the general observation on the critical factor of good wind speed availability is that, the roughage factor in the frontal zone of a wind turbine or wind farm site must be minimum to avoid frictional deceleration of wind speeds. On this consideration, one should go as close to the sea as possible. An implementation should be divided into three term basis- short, mid and long term. Focusing on wind energy management system As there is no certain management system in wind energy sector is followed in Bangladesh so the government of Bangladesh, researchers and organization related to it will work on it. 8. Future Plan in Wind Sector At March 2010, government announced for the installation of generating 100MW-200MW of electricity wind-based independent power plant in the Bay of Bengal.This will be the first large wind-based power plant in Bangladesh. A pilot wind turbine plant may be set up and be linked with the existing 250 KW diesel power station at Kutubdia, to study the overall performance of a hybrid wind-diesel system in an isolated local grid. Grammen Shakti is experimenting with the possibility of developing systems to utilize wind energy in the coastal areas of Bangladesh 9. Conclusion If GHG emission is reduced by implementing wind or wind related hybrid system Bangladesh may earn around 50 million dollars or so per year. With the existing condition, with the help of turbine 1820 MW power can be generated easily at a cost of 7280 millon US dollar. This two statistics show that with the money got from emission reduction, it is easier to install new wind power plant in Bangladesh easily. Now it is only required the government willingness to this sector. References [1] Final Report of Solar and Wind Energy Resource Assessment (SWERA) Bangladesh Project; Supported by: United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), Global Environment Facility (GEF); Country Partner: Renewable Energy Research Centre (RERC) University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. [2] M. Arif Hossain, M. Zakir Hossain, and A.K.M. Sadrul Isalm, Wind Resource Assessment of the North-West Division of Bangladesh, 2 nd International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, December 26-28, 2002, Dhaka, Bangladesh. [3] M. Arif Hossain, M. Zakir Hossain, and A.K.M. Sadrul Isalm, Wind Resource Assessment of Bangladesh : Bay Belt Meteorological Stations of Barisal Division, BSME-ASME International Conference on Thermal Engineering, 31 Dec Jan 2002, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp [4] A.K.M. Sadrul Islam and Mazharul Islam Status of Renewable Energy Technologies in Bangladesh, ISESCO Science and Technology, Vision Volume 1- May 2005 (page 51-60) [5] M. Shamim Kaiser, M. Arifur Rahman, M. Mostafizur Rahman, S.A. Sharna Wind energy assessment for the coastal part of Bangladesh, Journal of Engineering and applied science, 2006