Strategies for Persistence: Measurement and Verification. Ryan Hughes PE, CEM, LEED AP Eaton Energy Solutions

Transcription

1 Strategies for Persistence: Measurement and Verification Ryan Hughes PE, CEM, LEED AP Eaton Energy Solutions

2 AIA Quality Assurance The Building Commissioning Association is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-aia members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

3 Course Description Measurement and Verification (M&V) plays a crucial role in getting the most out of your energy producing and energy consuming equipment. M&V involves verifying system performance against system expectations. In a sense, it s about making sure you get what you paid for. This presentation will provide information and guidance including: What is Measurement and Verification (M&V)? M&V Options associated with the LEED Rating System and the IPMVP What systems are applicable for the M&V process? How do you implement M&V? Implementation details Types and examples of monitoring equipment

4 Learning Objectives At the end of this session, participants will be able to: 1. Determine which M&V option best suits their project 2. Understand the project details, HVAC systems, and control systems requirements for M&V 3. Develop and write an M&V plan 4. Complete the M&V processes once an M&V plan as been developed

5 Agenda What is M&V? IPMVP and the LEED Rating System M&V: Monitoring Equipment M&V: Developing a Plan M&V: Implementing a Plan 5

6 What is M&V? Measurement and Verification (M&V) is a systematic process through which system performance is monitored and compared to expectations. 6

7 What is M&V? It s about making sure you get what you pay for The intent of M&V is to monitor the performance of your mechanical and electrical systems to verify the systems are operating correctly and achieving the expected energy savings. 7

8 What is M&V? New car analogy Expected MPG: 36MPG Actual MPG:?? 8

9 IPMVP and the LEED Rating System International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP) N. America s Industry standard for M&V LEED Certification utilizes Option B or D under the IPMVP for the LEED M&V credits Four options provided for new-construction projects 9

10 IPMVP and the LEED Rating System IPMVP Option A: Partially Measured ECM Isolation Isolate energy measurements to Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) Some parameters are stipulated rather than measured. Spot measurement is allowed. Does not measure all energy use in building Not acceptable for LEED-NC Best applied to systems with constant and/or predictable loads (not highly variable or complex controls) 10

11 IPMVP and the LEED Rating System IPMVP Option A: Partially Measured ECM Isolation Process only reviews improvements over a standard design Not acceptable for LEED-NC Trend data is not required 11

12 IPMVP and the LEED Rating System IPMVP Option B: Retrofit Isolation Isolate energy measurements to Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) Measure all parameters associated with ECMs on a continuous or periodic basis Does not measure all energy use in building Acceptable for LEED-NC Best applied to systems with constant and/or predictable loads (not highly variable or complex controls) 12

13 IPMVP and the LEED Rating System IPMVP Option B: Retrofit Isolation Process only reviews improvements over a standard design Trend data is required Best for simple systems 13

14 IPMVP and the LEED Rating System IPMVP Option C: Whole Facility Use utility meters to measure energy use of the building Difficult to determine source of equipment deficiency and/or solution Not accepted for LEED Low-cost 14

15 IPMVP and the LEED Rating System IPMVP Option C: Whole Facility Utility bill data analysis Not acceptable for LEED-NC 15

16 IPMVP and the LEED Rating System IPMVP Option D: Calibrated Simulation Use utility meters to measure energy use of the building Measure all parameters associated with HVAC&R and lighting on a continuous or periodic basis Create an energy model for the baseline and existing operation Accepted for LEED-NC Best applied to complicated systems and/or projects through which an energy model is already being developed 16

17 IPMVP and the LEED Rating System IPMVP Option D: Calibrated Simulation Most comprehensive Requires an energy model Requires trend data Acceptable for LEED-NC 17

18 M&V Monitoring Equipment Building Management Systems Remote Data Loggers Data logging unit Sensors Computer software Utility meters 18

19 M&V Monitoring Equipment Building Management Systems Trending Capability Trend Storage Capacity 19

20 M&V Monitoring Equipment Data logging systems 20

21 M&V Monitoring Equipment Data logging sensors 21

22 M&V Monitoring Equipment Installation discharge air temperature 22

23 M&V Monitoring Equipment Installation current sensor on motor 23

24 M&V Monitoring Equipment Trend Retrieval 24

25 M&V: Developing a Plan 1- Identify the systems to measure 2- Isolate the performance characteristics to verify (expected operation) 3- Determine and account for each sensor required for performance verification 4- Install data loggers or setup trends through the building management system (BMS) 25

26 M&V: Developing a Plan System Identification Concentrate on large energy using equipment first Equipment with extensive or complicated controls Systems affected by energy conservation measures Energy conversion systems 26

27 M&V: Developing a Plan What Systems are Applicable? Any system that converts or uses energy: Lighting Energy Conversion Systems PV arrays, micro-hydro, wind turbines, ground source heat pumps Air Handling Systems furnaces, heat pumps, fan coil units Chilled Water Systems chillers, cooling towers, pumps, ice storage Heating Water Systems boilers, domestic hot water, snowmelt, radiant floors Process Equipment 27

28 M&V: Developing a Plan Performance Characteristics Document expected performance Sequence of Operation Manufacturer s data 28

29 M&V: Developing a Plan Performance Characteristics 29

30 M&V: Developing a Plan Performance Characteristics 30

31 M&V: Developing a Plan Performance Characteristics 31

32 M&V: Developing a Plan Sensor Requirements Use the performance characteristics list to determine sensor requirements Temperature Amps Humidity Light level Flow 32

33 M&V: Developing a Plan Sensor Requirements 33

34 M&V: Developing a Plan Sensor Requirements 34

35 M&V: Developing a Plan Trending Use the BMS software to generate trends Install remote data loggers Trend interval appropriate for performance characteristics Constant loads = 1 hr samples Variable loads = 5-15 minute samples Trend period varies depending on goals of M&V plan. 2-3 weeks minimum. 35

36 M&V: Implementing a Plan Part 2 Verification 1- Analyze trend data to determine actual performance 2- Compare actual performance to expected performance 3- Develop savings calculations between actual and expected performance 4- Isolate deficiencies from trends, investigate equipment, correct controls and/or replace/repair equipment 36

37 M&V: Implementing a Plan Trend Data Analysis Use analysis techniques to determine actual performance Typically done by assembling trend data in a spreadsheet and generating graphs comparing trends against each other. 37

38 M&V: Implementing a Plan Trend Data Analysis AHU Fan operation 38

39 M&V: Implementing a Plan Trend Data Analysis Outside Air Damper operation 39

40 M&V: Implementing a Plan Trend Data Analysis Supply Air Temperature Reset not maintained 40

41 M&V: Implementing a Plan Trend Data Analysis Residential PV System 41

42 M&V: Implementing a Plan Performance Comparison Compare actual performance against expected performance Typically done by assembling trend data in a spreadsheet and generating graphs comparing trends against each other. 42

43 M&V: Implementing a Plan Performance Comparison AHU Fan not turning off Supply Fan Power (amps) AHU SF Operation Expected operation Date (MM/DD) 43

44 M&V: Implementing a Plan Performance Comparison Outside Air Dampers not operating correctly 44

45 M&V: Implementing a Plan Performance Comparison AHU Supply Air Temperature not maintained 45

46 M&V: Implementing a Plan Deficiency List Generate a summary deficiency list 46

47 M&V: Implementing a Plan Investigate and Repair/Replace Use trend analysis data to isolate potential equipment deficiency sources Investigate and inspect equipment deficiency sources Functionally test equipment Calibrate sensors Repair or replace equipment as needed Correct controls programming as needed 47

48 M&V: Implementing a Plan Investigate and Repair/Replace Observation AHU Fan not turning off Potential Causes Fan placed in Hand instead of Auto Programming -- AHU remaining in occupied mode Fan control point disconnected from BAS 48

49 M&V: Implementing a Plan Investigate and Repair/Replace Observation Outside Air Dampers not operating correctly Potential Causes Faulty sensors Controls tuning Improper setpoints Faulty damper actuator 49

50 M&V: Implementing a Plan Investigate and Repair/Replace Observation AHU Supply Air Temperature not maintained Potential Causes Faulty Supply Air Sensor Controls tuning Faulty reset programming Leaking HW or CHW valves Faulty OA damper control Faulty HW or CHW control programming 50

51 M&V: Implementing a Plan Investigate and Repair/Replace Observation Poor electricity production from PV system Measurement of additional points required to isolate potential causes Outside air temperature, irradiance levels, PV tilt angle/orientation, equipment inspection, individual 51 panel power output, etc.

52 M&V: Implementing a Plan Savings Calculations Determine energy and costs associated with equipment performance degradation or deficiencies Spreadsheet calculations Required for IPMVP option A, B, C Complicated and time consuming Energy Model calibration Required for IPMVP option D Energy model must be calibrated after M&V implementation period 52

53 M&V: Implementing a Plan Savings Calculations Spreadsheet calculations (opt. A, B, C) Actual trend data must be used Simulate baseline (design) condition Simulate existing condition Energy use difference is the energy penalty (or lost energy savings) by not satisfying the design requirements 53

54 M&V: Implementing a Plan Savings Calculations Spreadsheet calculations (opt. A, B, C) Simple examples Equipment scheduling - Lights - Motors - Fans Equipment motor efficiency improvements - Motors 54

55 M&V: Implementing a Plan Savings Calculations Spreadsheet calculations (opt. A, B, C) Complicated examples HVAC Control - Supply air temperature reset - Economizer operation - Duct static pressure reset - Demand control ventilation Plant Control - Condenser water reset - Variable speed pumping - Supply temperature reset Building Control - Space temperature setback - Daylight dimming control Savings Summary Measure# ECO Description Electric Savings Summar Electric Cost Savings Summary Total Peak Elec Electric Electric DSM kw Demand Electric Energy (highest Cost Use Cost Total Cost (kwh/yr) mo.) Savings $ Savings $ Savings $ RCM 7, Condenser Water Reset 224, $ $ 12,302 $ 12,302 RCM 8, Chilled Water Pump Control 207, $ $ 11,414 $ 11,414 RCM 9, Chilled Water Supply Temperature Reset 12, $ $ 709 $ 709 TOTAL ENERGY SAVINGS: 444, $ $ 24,425 $ 24,425 55

56 M&V: Implementing a Plan Savings Calculations Energy Model calibration (opt. D) Method A (not accepted by LEED) Subtract the energy use of calibrated as-built model from the calibrated standard energy model Calibrated standard (baseline) energy model Create energy model based on code-minimum requirements Calibrate weather data in model to 1 year of actual weather data Calibrated as-built energy model Create energy model based on design but modified to include any deficiencies observed during trend period Calibrate weather data in model to 1 year of actual weather data 56

57 M&V: Implementing a Plan Savings Calculations Energy Model calibration (opt. D) Method B (accepted by LEED) Subtract the metered post-construction energy use from the calibrated standard energy model Calibrated standard (baseline) energy model Create energy model based on code-minimum requirements Calibrate weather data in model to 1 year of actual weather data Calibrated as-built energy model Create energy model based on design, but modified to include any deficiencies observed during trend period Calibrate weather data in model to 1 year of actual weather data and utility energy consumption 57

58 Ryan Hughes, PE, CEM, LEED AP