EMERGING CONCERN JEREMY L. CONKLE TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY CORPUS CHRISTI

Transcription

1 C O N TA M I N A N T S O F EMERGING CONCERN JEREMY L. CONKLE A S S I S TA N T P R O F E S S O R TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY CORPUS CHRISTI J E R E M Y. C O N K L TA M U C C. E D U

2 TERMINOLOGY Contaminant A substance present in the environment in greater than natural concentrations as a result of human activity Pollutant A substance present in the environment in greater than natural concentrations as a result of human activity and has a detrimental effect Contaminant of Emerging Concern Materials in the grey area between pollutant and contaminant Not clear if they have a detrimental effect

3 WHAT ARE CECS? Carbamazepine Pharmaceuticals Ciprofloxacin Personal Care Products Triclosan Plasticizers Bisphenol A (BPA) Phthalates

4 WHERE DO WE FIND CECS?

5 WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF CECS?

6 HOW DO CECSENTER THE ENVIRONMENT?

7 THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER

8 CECS IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER 28.7 Metric Tons Annually 450,000 cfs μg L Metric Tons of Sulfamethoxazole = 28.5 millions doses

9 IRRIGATION WITH TREATED WASTEWATER Growing global water limitation Population growth & climate change Growing need to reuse water Irrigation of landscaping, golf courses and crops

10 RECYCLED WASTEWATER Used 2x before returned to the environment Economic savings Environmental Nutrients Unknown impacts of recycled water irrigation Accumulation of salts and organic pollutants Crop uptake Where do they accumulate? Edible or non-edible tissue?

11 PPCPS IN EDIBLE TISSUES - WINTER Immature Mature Immature spiked Mature spiked 2.0 Spinach Celery 3.0 Lettuce Cabbage Concentration (ng g -1 ) Concentration (ng g -1 ) ng g -1 Naproxen Diuron Dlantin Carbamazepine Primidone Meprobamate Diuron Dlantin Carbamazepine Primidone Diuron Dlantin Carbamazepine Primidone Meprobamate Caffeine Diuron Dlantin Carbamazepine Meprobamate

12 HUMAN CONSUMPTION 2.5 ng g -1 Carbamazepine in immature lettuce (dry weight) 70 kg human 0.87 g dry weight lettuce daily serving (EPA exposure guidelines) 2.16 ng daily Carbamazepine exposure in lettuce 100 mg Carbamazepine per dose 1,650 tons of lettuce or 46,296,000 servings

13 PLASTICS

14 THE GROWTH OF PLASTIC 288,000,000 tons Europe World 57,000,000 tons Adapted From: PlasticsEurope. Plastics - the Facts 2013: an Analysis of European latest plastics production, demand and waste data (2012).

15 THE GROWTH OF PLASTIC Adapted From: PlasticsEurope. Plastics - the Facts 2013: an Analysis of European latest plastics production, demand and waste data (2012).

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20 MICROPLASTICS IN CONSUMER PRODUCTS POLYETHYLENE CONCENTRATION TOTAL POLYETHYLENE PER PRODUCT POLYETHYLENE PER USE Mg g -1 # g -1 MASS (g) PARTICLE AMOUNT (#) MASS (Mg) PARTICLE AMOUNT (#) FACE SCRUB (N=6) BODY WASH (N=4) TOOTHPASTE (N=3) 37.7 ± ,491 ± 11, ± 2.1 1,653,110 ± 1,361, ± ,071 ± 45, ± 4.4 8,279 ± 5, ± 3.1 3,367,304 ± 2,579, ± ,147 ± 45, ± 0.9 4,248 ± 3, ± ,045 ± 396, ± 0.2 1,062 ± 984

21 MICROPLASTICS IN CONSUMER PRODUCTS Face Scrub Distribution by Mass (mg g -1 ) Face Scrub Distribution by Count (# g -1 ) 50 um 100 um 200 um 300 um 400 um 500 um 1000 um

22 MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLASTIC DEBRIS

23 OTHER RESEARCH Side Projects Microbeads in consumer products Microplastics and synthetic fibers in wastewater treatment systems Recently Funded Projects Pesticide loading and sediment accumulation in Baffin Bay Environmental Assessment of Vegetation Management and Control Practices Future Water Quality Challenges to Aquaculture and Influences on Product Safety

24 FUTURE WATER QUALITY CHALLENGES TO AQUACULTURE AND INFLUENCES ON PRODUCT SAFETY U.S. Population Growth by 2090 Top 15 State for Population Growth by 2030 Brown, T. C.; Foti, R.; Ramirez, J. A., Projected freshwater withdrawals in the United States under a changing climate. Water Resour. Res. 2013, 49, (3), U.S. Census Bureau

25 FUTURE WATER QUALITY CHALLENGES TO AQUACULTURE AND INFLUENCES ON PRODUCT SAFETY Population Growth Water Withdrawals ( ) Climate Change Top 15 State for Aquaculture Farms % Change < 0 0 to to to 50 >50 Population Growth & Climate Change Acreage

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27 QUESTIONS JEREMY L. CONKLE ASSISTANT PROFESSOR TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY CORPUS CHRISTI