SUSCOS 2016/2018. Design of sustainable constructions. Constança Rigueiro Timisoara, March of 2017

Transcription

1 SUSCOS 2016/2018 Design of sustainable constructions Constança Rigueiro Timisoara, March of 2017

2 CLASS #TU5

3 SUSCOS 2016/2018 Design of sustainable constructions 3 Cradle to gate of a column

4 SUSCOS 2016/2018 Design of sustainable constructions 4 Goal of the analysis: Comparative environmental analysis of a load-bearing column, with different cross-sections (see Table 1), considering a cradle-to-gate approach Define system boundaries and functional unit. Expected results: Table or flow chart with inputs and outputs per functional unit / reference.

5 SUSCOS 2016/2018 Design of sustainable constructions 5 1. Functional Unit: A simple-supported column, 5 m long, with a load bearing capacity of an axial force of 5000 kn and a bending moment of 100 knm (around the strong axis for the profile column). 2. System Boundaries: A cradle-to-gate approach including the following processes: Extracção das matérias primas Transporte Produção dos materiais Cradle to Gate

6 SUSCOS 2016/2018 Design of sustainable constructions 6 3. For the transportation of raw materials to the plant for the production of materials, consider the following distances: Transportation of raw materials for steel: 7000 km (by ship); Transportation of crushed aggregates: 100 km (by road); Transportation of natural aggregates: 80 km (by road);) Transportation of cement: 500 km (by train). 4. Characterization factors are provided in Tables Impact categories: Acidification (AC), Global Warming (GW), Photochemical Oxidation (POCP), renewable and non-renewable energies.

7 SUSCOS 2016/2018 Design of sustainable constructions 7 6. Prepare inventory data - environmental data: (Calculate quantities per functional / declared unit, calculate raw material transport (txkm), prepare table with compilation of all data per functional / declared unit)

8 SUSCOS 2016/2018 Design of sustainable constructions 8 Impact categories GWP POCP AP (units) CO monóxido de carbono Table 1 - Characterization factors (kg CO 2 eq.) Dióxido de Carbono (kg C 2 H 4 eq.) - Etileno 0,0320 (kg SO 2 eq.) dióxido de enxofre NOx - oxido de azoto 0,0280 0,7000 SOx monóxido de enxofre 1,0000 CH4 - Metano 21,0000 0,0070 CO2 Dióxido de carbono 1,0000 N2O óxido nitroso 310,0000 0,5000 HCl ácido clorídrico 0,8800

9 SUSCOS 2016/2018 Design of sustainable constructions 9 Table 2 Characteristics of the columns Solution Type Material(s) Section Circular hollow section Steel (S355) Circular hollow section Steel profile Steel profile Composite circular section HSS (S690) Steel (S355) HSS (S690) Steel (S355) Concrete Composite circular section HSS (S690) Concrete ϕ350 ϕ250 HD HD ϕ350 ϕ250 Masses kg kg kg kg Steel: kg Conc.: kg Rebars: kg (TOTAL: kg) Steel: kg Conc.: kg Rebars: kg (TOTAL: kg)

10 SUSCOS 2016/2018 Design of sustainable constructions 10 Table 3. LCI data for the production of 1 kg of steel (assuming BF) Emissions to air, g Production of steel for rebars Type of steel/section (functional unit - 1 kg) Production of steel for tubes Production of steel profiles Production of high strength steel CO (g) NOx (g) SOx (g) CH4 (g) CO2 (g) N2O (g) HCl (g) Renewable energy (MJ) Non-renewable energy (MJ)

11 SUSCOS 2016/2018 Design of sustainable constructions 11 Amount of gravels/aggregates/cement in conrete Table 4. LCI data for the production of 1 m 3 of concrete energy (MJ) (per m3 of produced concrete) Crushed aggregates (kg) Gravel/sand extraction (kg) Cement production (kg) Production of concrete (m3) Renewable energy Non-renewable energy Emissions to air (g) CO Nox Sox CH CO N2O

12 SUSCOS 2016/2018 Design of sustainable constructions 12 ANÁLISE AMBIENTAL DE CICLO DE VIDA

13 SUSCOS 2016/2018 Design of sustainable constructions 13 Impact category Table 5. Environmental impacts of transportation (Data from ecoinvent) Unit Transport, lorry 16-32t, EURO5/RER Type of transport (functional unit - 1 tkm) Transport, freight, rail/rer Transport, transoceanic tanker/oce Acidification kg SO2 eq 4.63E E E-04 Global warming kg CO2 eq 1.54E E E-03 Photochemical oxidation kg C2H4 1.93E E E-06 Non renewable, fossil MJ eq 2.42E E E-02 Non-renewable, nuclear MJ eq 1.56E E E-03 Renewable, biomass MJ eq 4.81E E E-04 Renewable, wind, solar, geothe MJ eq 1.29E E E-04 Renewable, water MJ eq 3.02E E E-04

14 SUSCOS 2016/2018 Design of sustainable constructions 14 This lecture was prepared for the Edition 2 of SUSCOS (2013/15) by Helena Gervásio (UC). This lecture was improved for SUSCOS (2016/2018) by Constança Rigueiro (UC)

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