Disaster Management Challenges & Role of Resilient Infrastructure

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1 Disaster Management Challenges & Role of Resilient Infrastructure Dr. Qamar-uz-Zaman Chaudhry UNDP National Climate Change Policy Expert Special Advisor to UN-WMO Secretary General for Asia. ADB DRM & Climate Change Specialist

2 Disasters Response Natural and man-made disasters cause an estimated $57B in average annual costs. Super Floods 2010 in Pakistan caused over $9.65B in losses. Current approach of response and rebuilding is impractical and inefficient for dealing with natural disasters. Planning does not account for interconnected nature of buildings and infrastructure, nor for the affect on social institutions. Changing nature of hazards is not always considered. 2

3 ELEMENTS OF RISK HAZARDS EXPOSURE RISK VULNERABILITY LOCATION

4 What is Resilience? The term "resilience" means the ability to prepare for and adapt to changing conditions and withstand and recover rapidly from disruptions* In the context of community resilience, the emphasis is not solely on mitigating risk, but implementing measures to ensure that the community recovers to normal, or near normal function, in a reasonable timeframe. 4

5 DISASTER RESISTANCE Implies the ability to: Resist the onset and impact of a disaster Continue to function at close to normal capacity and capability Resume normal operations with minimal disruption Defeat the impact of the event

6 DISASTER RESILIENCE Implies the ability to: Absorb the impact of a disaster Allow failures in a planned way In such a way that we can return to normal operations with the least possible delay and the least possible dysfunction Limit the impact of the event

7 POSTULATE 1 Resistance and resilience are complimentary No community can be resistant or resilient to all hazards May be resistant to some hazards May be resilient when faced with other hazards May be vulnerable to still others

8 POSTULATE 2 Cost increases as you move from resilience to resistance At the same time specificity may well also increase so that a specific resistance measure may have limited utility against other threats

9 POSTULATE 3 There is a reasonable compromise: plan to achieve resistance where possible against high value threats, and achieve resilience for those we cannot reasonably resist

10 POSTULATE 4 Effective resistance and resilience requires: Coordinated integrated effort Long term commitment Partnership between government, business and industry, voluntary agencies, and the citizenry

11 POSTULATE 5 The more resistant and resilient a community is: The less the damage from a bad event. The cheaper the disaster costs management costs. The more rapid the return to normal. The lower the rate of dysfunction in the community post disaster.

12 EVERY CITY CAN BE MADE MORE DISASTER RESILIENT THAN IT WAS IN THE PAST STEP 1: LEARN FROM THE PAST STEP 2: REDUCE COMMUNITY VULNERABILITIES THAT INCREASE RISK FOR PEOPLE, PROPERTY, AND INFRASTRUCTURE

13 Importance of Critical Buildings and Infrastructure Functioning Citizens Government Energy Transportation Functional Requirements Communications Industry Business Structures Water

14 Unplanned development is adding to existing high risk levels of the society

15 Climate change and variability are enhancing the hazard and vulnerability in countries prone to multiple disaster risks

16 There is ample evidence that poverty is the most important trigger which turns hazards into disasters

17 Flood Proof House Design

18 Flood Proof Bamboo House in Vietnam

19 Incorporating New Technical Standards

20 Priority setting in resource constraint environment is a challenging task Disaster reduction requires multidisciplinary and multi-institutional intervention Interventions need to be affordable, feasible, socially acceptable, and effective Stakeholders have different priorities Approaches need to be tailored to local conditions Soft factors and consultation are critical for success Challenge of developing focused and effective mitigation program

21 Dr. Qamar uz Zaman Chaudhry

22 Community Resilience for the Built Environment Natural hazards Manmade hazards Degradation Climate change Performance Goals Mitigation Response Recovery