IMPROVE Report L. Debell,, K. Gebhart, B. Schichtel and W. Malm

Transcription

1 IMPROVE Report 2006 L. Debell,, K. Gebhart, B. Schichtel and W. Malm

2 IMPROVE Report Outline Section 1: IMPROVE Data summaries Chapter 1: Network Overview Chapter 2: IMPROVE-STN Data Comparability Chapter 3: Spatial trends in the annual average aerosol concentrations and extinction coefficients Chapter 4: Spatial Variability of monthly patterns in aerosol concentrations and extinction coefficients Chapter 5: Trends in aerosol concentrations and extinction coefficients Section 2: Special Study Summaries Chapter 1: BRAVO Executive Summary and Link to full report Chapter 2: Yosemite Executive Summary and Link to full report Chapter 3: Coarse Mass Study Chapter 4: IMPROVE Algorithm Review Section 3: QA Studies Chapter 1: Historical Data QA/QC Review Chapter 2: Denuder Study Other work Carbon 12/14 study Hygroscopicity of Smoke and Carbon Aerosols

3 IMPROVE Network

4 Fusion of IMPROVE & STN Networks

5 Relative Errors from Six Collocated IMPROVE Monitors Si OC S NO3 Relative Error [(xi yi) / (xi +yi)/2] Average Concentration, (µg/m 3 )

6 Relative Errors from Six Collocated IMPROVE & STN Monitors Si S OC (Blank corrected STN OC data) NO3 Relative Error (IMPROVE STN)/Avg Average Concentration, (µg/m 3 )

7 Comparability of IMPROVE and STN Measurements Precision in Annual Average Concentrations calculated from collocated data 1-σ Uncertainty IMPROVE in-network network Al 19% 33% Ca 7% 28% Fe 5% 21% Si 5% 11% Ti 4% 25% S 3% 11% SO4 2% 5% NO3 5% 14% EC 7% 24% OC 7% 36% blank- corrected STN OC data NA 8% IMPROVE-STN cross network Uncertainty Where: = O _ rd( X ) = 2 *var( O _ rd( X ) ( X Y )*2 ( X + Y ) X and Y represent the paired annual means site ) Note, these uncertainties do not contain the error due to a systematic bias

8 IMPROVE Reconstructed Fine Mass

9 IMPROVE & STN Reconstructed Fine Mass

10 IMPROVE Ammonium Sulfate Mass

11 IMPROVE & STN Ammonium Sulfate Mass

12 IMPROVE Organic Carbon Mass

13 IMPROVE & STN Organic Carbon Mass

14 IMPROVE Ammonium Nitrate Mass

15 IMPROVE & STN Ammonium Nitrate Mass

16 IMPROVE Fine Soil Mass

17 IMPROVE & STN Fine Soil Mass

18 IMPROVE Particulate Light Extinction

19 IMPROVE Deciviews

20 Central Great Plains Boundary Waters Ohio River Valley Northeast Washington DC East Coast IMPROVE Monthly Fine Mass Budgets Mid South Soil Nitrate Light Absorbing Carbon Organics Sulfate IMPROVE Sites Appalachia Southeast Virgin Islands

21 Minneapolis - St. Paul Central Minnesota Soil Nitrate Light Absorbing Carbon Organics Sulfate STN Sites Chicago Area Mid South Duluth-Superior Eastern Texas - Gulf Coast Upper Michigan 2 Upper Michigan Northeast Ohio River Valley Southeast Wash. DC - Philadelphia Corridor Florida Puerto Rico STN Monthly Fine Mass Budgets

22 IMPROVE Monthly Fine Mass Budgets California Coast Hawaii Sierra Nevada Southern California Phoenix Death Valley Great Basin Colorado Plateau Southern Arizona Mogollon Plateau Central Rockies West Texas Soil Nitrate Light Absorbing Carbon Organics Sulfate IMPROVE Sites

23 IMPROVE Monthly Fine Mass Budgets Nevada Wasatch Soil Nitrate Light Absorbing Carbon Organics Sulfate STN Sites Sacramento - San Joaquin Valley Denver Los Angeles San Diego Phoenix Western Texas

24 Trends in the Best and Worst Haze Days

25 Clear Day Deciview Trend Mount Rainier Snoqualmie Pass Glacier Columbia River Moosehorn Three Sisters Acadia Crater Lake Yellowstone Lye Brook Redwood Jarbidge Bridger Badlands Lassen Volcanic Yosemite Mt. Zirkel Great Basin Rocky Mountain Canyonlands Dolly Sods Washington Brigantine Pinnacles Bryce Canyon Sequoia Grand Canyon San Gorgonio Great Sand Dunes Mesa Verde Weminuche Bandelier Petrified Forest Upper Buffalo Shenandoah Mammoth Cave Great Smoky Mtns Shining Rock Tonto Gila Cliff Cape Romain Chiricahua Guadalupe Mtns Okefenokee Big Bend Chassahowitzka Denali Improving Trend, p<=0.05 Improving Trend, 0.05<p<=0.15 Degrading Trend, 0.05<p<=0.15 Degrading Trend, p<=0.05 No Trend

26 Hazy Day Deciview Trend Snoqualmie Pass Glacier Mount Rainier Columbia River Moosehorn Three Sisters Acadia Crater Lake Yellowstone Redwood Bridger Badlands Lassen Volcanic Jarbidge Great Basin Mt. Zirkel Rocky Mountain Yosemite Canyonlands Pinnacles Sequoia Bryce Canyon Mesa Verde Grand Canyon Petrified Forest San Gorgonio Weminuche Great Sand Dunes Bandelier Tonto Gila Cliff Chiricahua Guadalupe Mtns Upper Buffalo Lye Brook Brigantine Washington Dolly Sods Shenandoah Mammoth Cave Great Smoky Mtns Shining Rock Cape Romain Okefenokee Big Bend Chassahowitzka Denali Improving Trend, p<=0.05 Improving Trend, 0.05<p<=0.15 Degrading Trend, 0.05<p<=0.15 Degrading Trend, p<=0.05 No Trend

27 Speciated Coarse Mass

28 Concentration Mt. Rainier NP Coarse Mass Coarse Mass Month Bridger WA Sequoia NP Concentration Month Concentration Bondville Concentration Concentration Month San Gorgonio WA Concentration Grand Canyon NP Month Concentration Month Upper Buffalo Month Concentration Great Smoky Mtns. NP Month Concentration Brigantine NWR Month Month Sea Salt Dust LAC POM Nitrate Sulfate ( g m -3 )

29 Concentration Mt. Rainier NP Month Sequoia NP San Gorgonio WA Bridger WA Month Grand Canyon NP Fine Mass Fine Mass Fine Mass Bondville Month Upper Buffalo Great Smoky Mtns. NP Brigantine NWR Concentration Concentration Concentration Concentration Concentration Concentration Concentration Concentration Month Month Month Month Month Month Sea Salt Dust LAC POM Nitrate Sulfate ( g m -3 )

30 75% 5% 20% Coarse Mass Fraction Coarse Mass Fraction 3% 2%3% 5% 5% Coarse Mass Fraction 32% 21% 2% 7% 3% 57% 1% 68% Mt. Rainier NP Month Sequoia NP San Gorgonio WA 71% 1% 12% 15% 1% Bridger WA Month Grand Canyon NP 79% 1% 4% 6% 9% 1% 63% 57% Bondville Month Upper Buffalo 1% 3% 8% 3% 1% 25% 31% Great Smoky Mtns. NP Brigantine NWR 44% 2% 12% 42% 44% 16% 3% 13% 1% 23% Concentration Fraction Concentration Fraction Concentration Fraction Concentration Fraction Concentration Fraction Concentration Fraction Concentration Fraction Concentration Fraction Concentration Fraction Month Month Month Month Month Month Sea Salt Dust LAC POM Nitrate Sulfate

31 Mt. Rainier NP Month Sequoia NP San Gorgonio WA Fine Mass Fraction Fine Mass Fraction Fine Mass Fraction Bridger WA Month Grand Canyon NP Bondville Month Upper Buffalo Month Great Smoky Mtns. NP Brigantine NWR Concentration Fraction Concentration Fraction Concentration Fraction Concentration Fraction Concentration Fraction Concentration Fraction Concentration Fraction Concentration Fraction Concentration Fraction Month Month Month Month Month Sea Salt Dust LAC POM Nitrate Sulfate

32 Review of Aerosol Optical Properties Derived from IMROVE Particulate and Optical Data

33 Inorganic Light Extinction Efficiencies Organic bext efficiency = (density inorganic / density organic) * inorganic bext efficiency

34 Coarse Mass Efficiency Derived from Transmissometer and Particulate data

35 Other NPS/CIRA Work

36 Seasonal Contemporary and Fossil C (µg/m( 3 ) The error bars represent the range in six day concentrations

37 Seasonal Fraction Contemporary Carbon The error bars represent the fraction contemporary range

38 Urban Excess Puget Sound, WA - Mount Rainier, WA Carbon (µg/m 3 ) Total Carbon Summer Excess: 1.8 µg/m 3 44% Excess: 1.56 µg/m 3 77% Fossil Excess: 0.23 µg/m 3 11% Biogenic Carbon (µg/m 3 ) Total Carbon Winter Excess: 4.1 µg/m 3 76% Excess: 2.4 µg/m 3 98% Fossil Excess: 1.66 µg/m 3 56% Biogenic Puget Sound fossil carbon is primarily due to local sources during winter and summer Summer biogenic carbon is regionally distributed ~40% of the winter urban excess is biogenic carbon Not all biogenic carbon is natural

39 Urban Excess Phoenix, AZ Tonto, AZ Carbon (µg/m 3 ) Total Carbon Summer Excess: 1.94 µg/m 3 45% Excess: 1.53 µg/m 3 81% Fossil Excess: 0.42 µg/m 3 17% Biogenic Carbon (µg/m 3 ) Total Carbon Excess: 9.6 µg/m 3 89% Winter Excess: 5.1 µg/m 3 94% Fossil Excess: 4.5 µg/m 3 84% Biogenic Phoenix fossil carbon is primarily due to local sources during winter and summer Summer biogenic carbon is regionally distributed About half of the winter urban excess is biogenic carbon Not all biogenic carbon is natural

40 Hygroscopicity of Smoke

41

42 Finished

43 IMPROVE Light Absorbing Carbon Mass

44 IMPROVE & STN Light Absorbing Carbon

45 CM

46 %SO4

47 % SO4

48 % OMC

49 % OMC

50 % NO3

51 % NO3

52 % LAC

53 % LAC

54 % Soil

55 % Soil

56 SO4 extinction

57 OMC extinction

58 NO3 extinction

59 LAC extinction

60 Soil extinction

61 CM extinction

62 IMPROVE Central Great Plains Mid South Soil Nitrate Light Absorbing Carbon Organics Sulfate IMPROVE Sites East Boundary Waters Ohio River Valley Appalachia Southeast Northeast Minneapolis - St. Paul Central Minnesota Soil Washington DC Nitrate Light Absorbing Carbon Organics Sulfate STN Sites East Coast Virgin Islands Chicago Area Mid South Duluth-Superior Eastern Texas - Gulf Coast Upper Michigan 2 Upper Michigan Northeast Ohio River Valley Southeast Wash. DC - Philadelphia Corridor Florida Puerto Rico STN

63 Northwest STN Alaska Soil Nitrate Light Absorbing Carbon Organics Sulfate STN Sites Puget Sound - Portland Missoula North Dakota Alaska Soil Nitrate Light Absorbing Carbon Organics Sulfate IMPROVE Sites Boise Puget Sound Northwest Columbia River Gorge Hells Canyon Northern Rockies Northern Great Plains Oregon & N. California IMPROVE

64 Southwest STN Sacramento - San Joaquin Valley Nevada Wasatch Soil Nitrate Light Absorbing Carbon Organics Sulfate STN Sites Denver Los Angeles San Diego Phoenix Western Texas California Coast Southern California Sierra Nevada Great Basin Death Valley Colorado Plateau Mogollon Plateau Central Rockies Soil Nitrate Light Absorbing Carbon Organics Sulfate IMPROVE Sites Phoenix Southern Arizona West Texas Hawaii IMPROVE

65 Central Great Plains Mid South Soil Nitrate Light Absorbing Carbon Organics Sulfate IMPROVE Sites East IMPROVE Boundary Waters Ohio River Valley Appalachia A Southeast Northeast Washington DC East Coast Virgin Islands Minneapolis - St. Paul Central Minnesota Soil Nitrate Light Absorbing Carbon Organics Sulfate STN Sites Chicago Area Duluth-Superior Mid South Eastern Texas - Gulf Coast Upper Michigan 2 Upper Michigan Northeast Ohio River Valley Southeast Florida Wash. DC - Philadelphia Corridor STN Puerto Rico

66 Northwest Alaska Soil Nitrate Light Absorbing Carbon Organics Sulfate STN Sites IMPROVE Puget Sound Alaska Northwest Puget Sound - Portland Soil Nitrate Light Absorbing Carbon Organics Sulfate IMPROVE Sites Boise Missoula North Dakota STN Columbia River Gorge Hells Canyon Northern Rockies Northern Great Plains Oregon & N. California A

67 Southwest Sacramento Nevada Wasatch Denver A Soil Nitrate Light Absorbing Carbon Organics Sulfate STN Sites Los Angeles California Coast Southern California Sierra Nevada Great Basin Death Valley Colorado Plateau Mogollon Plateau Central Rockies San Diego Soil Nitrate Light Absorbing Carbon Organics Sulfate IMPROVE Sites Phoenix Western Texas Phoenix Southern Arizona West Texas Hawaii