Cu Cd Pb Zn As. (Juncus effuses) (SOD CAT POD) [8-9] Cu Cd Pb Zn As 5. DOI: /j.cnki.tr (Soils), 2007, 39 (2): 279~285

Transcription

1 DOI: /j.cnki.tr (Soils), 2007, 39 (2): 279~285 CuCdPbZnAs ( ; ) CuCd PbZnAs %10% a/b % 37.1% POD SOD CAT 3 5 Q142Q945X171 [1] [2] [3-4] CdPbCuZnAs 5 CuCdPbZnAs 5 [5] 4 [6] [7] (Juncus effuses) [8-9] CuCdPbZnAs 5 5 (SODCATPOD) t : (Toyota Fund D01-B3-010) (040PT02) * sunjian472@163.com

2 Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of tested soils in pot cultivation ph CEC (mg/kg) (g/kg) (cmol/kg) Cd Pb Cu Zn As [10] 2 mm 30 cm 20 cm 5 kg 2 Cd Cl 2 2.5H 2 OPb (NO) 3 CuCl 2 2H 2 O Zn(NO 3 ) 6H 2 ONa 2 HAsO 4 7H 2 O ( N 200 mg/kgp 2 O mg/kgk 2 O150 ~ 200 mg/kg) mg/kg cm 70% min70 3 DPS 3.01 (mg/kg) Table 2 Treatment designing of the pot cultivation Cd Pb Cu Zn As CK GB [13] 5 6 a + b [11] 644 nm 662 nm SOD U/(ml FWCAT U/(ml FWPOD [12] 470 nm/(min g FW) 3 Microsoft Excel DPS 3.01

3 2 CuCdPbZnAs CK 1 CK CKP ±, n = 3 Table 3 Effects of compound stress of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and As on total tiller number, plant height, dry weights of shoots and roots of Juncus Effuses (/) (cm) (g/) (g/) CK 120 ± 4.04a ± 1.42a ± 0.51a 4.43 ± 0.11a ± 4.58a ± 1.71b ± 0.33a ± 0.10ab ± 3.06a ± 2.07b ± 0.47b ± 0.15bc ± 3.51b ± 2.13c ± 0.40d ± 0.24bc ± 2.52d ± 2.84d 9.58 ± 0.64e ± 0.22c ± 6.66b ± 2.21b ± 0.44c ± 0.35bc ± 3.06c ± 1.56c ± 0.31d ± 0.11c LSD P CK CK 5.90% 8.36% 5 CK % ~ 10% [1415] 3 1 CK CK 3.49% 2 CK 2 CK 9.15%(10%) % 36.23% % ~ 13.32% CK 9.93% 10.84%

4 a b 12.31% 6.83%11.38% CK P0.05 4PbCuZnCdAs a b CK 39.76% 25.08% 36.12% P0.05 CdPbAs 4 a b 1 CK P0.05 a b a b a b a [16] Woolhouse [17] a b a/b a b CuPb CdHgAs Zeng [18] La a b a/b La a/b 4 ±n = 3 Table 4 Response of chlorophyll of Juncus Effuses to compound stress of heavy metals in soil a b a + b a/b (mg/(g FW)) (mg/(g FW)) (mg/(g FW)) CK ± 0.128a 6.30 ± 0.019a ± 0.110a ± 0.044b ± 0.076b ± 0.051b ± 0.101c ± 0.099c ± 0.242c ± 0.046e ± 0.054e ± 0.009e ± 0.32f ± 0.032f ± 0.006g ± 0.073d ± 0.018d ± 0.054d ± 0.025e ± 0.084e ± 0.064f POD 5 1 ~ 3 POD % ~ 29.46% 4 CK 15.15%POD POD H 2 O 2 5 POD POD CK 12.96% POD 5.28% SOD 5 SOD

5 2 CuCdPbZnAs CK 9.91% 18.97% CK 73.15% POD SOD SOD CK 4.85% 12.11% SOD POD 2 ( ) 3 CK SOD POD SOD 2O 2- +2H + +SODH 2 O 2 +O 2 SOD O 2- [19] SOD CK O 2- SOD O 2- O 2- SOD SOD 5 3 Table 5 Response of protective enzyme in Juncus Effuses to compound stress of heavy metals POD SOD CAT ( 470 nm/(min g FW)) (u/(ml FW)) (u/(ml FW)) CK ± 3.00e ± 3.37de ± 1.06d ± 2.18b % ± 2.57bc +9.91% ± 1.61ab % ± 3.12a % ± 2.38a % ± 2.38b % ± 1.32c % ± 2.43e -5.51% ± 1.08cd % ± 2.78f % ± 3.40f % 8.52 ± 0.80e -3.05% ± 3.12c % ± 2.99b % ± 1.67a ± 3.75d +5.28% ± 2.46cd +4.85% ± 1.09c % - + CAT 5 CAT CAT POD SOD 2 CAT 1 CK 71.86% 2 3 CK POD SOD 4CAT CK CK 3.05% CAT CK CK 36.05% 92.33% 3 CAT CuCdPbZnAs 5 5 a/b POD SOD CAT 3 CK 28.23% 37.1% POD SOD CAT CK

6 () 5% ~ 10% [20] 25% 50% Cd CK 80% ~ 90% 10% 10% 10% 10% [21] 2 CdPb CuZnAs mg/kg [1],,,,.., 2004, 36 (2): [2] Coughtrey PJ, Martin MH. Tolerance of Holcus Lanatus of lead zinc and cadmium in factorial combination. New Phytol., 1978, 81: [3],,,,,.., 2004, 11 (6): [4] Hu XF, Wu HX, Hu X, Fang SQ, Wu CJ. Impact of urbanization on Shanghai s soil environmental quality. Pedosphere, 2004, 14 (2): [5],,.., 2001, 12 (3): [6],. (CuZnCd)., 2001, 20 (2): [7] Van Assche F, Clijsters H. Effects of metal on enzyme activity in plants. Plant CellEnviron., 1990, 13: [8],,.. I.., 1997, 9 (4): [9],,,,,,.., 1995, 14 (3): 57 [10],,,,,.., 2002, 21 (5): [11].., 1988, (3): 6267 [12].. 2. :, 1990: [13],,,. Cd Pb Cu Zn As., 1998, 17 (2): [14].. :, 2002 [15].. :, 1996 [16],,.., 2000, 6 (2): ll2-l16 [17] Woolhouse HW. Longevity and senescence in plant. Sci. Prog. Oxford, 1974, 61: 23 [18] Zeng Q, Zhu JG, Cheng HL. Ecophysiological responses of rice to lanthanum accumulation in red earth. Acta Scientrae Crrcumstanrae, 2003, 23 (I): 1721 [19] Migirr LG, Brien PJO. Mechanisms of membrane lipid pemxidation. Recent Advances in Biol. Membrane Studies, 1985: [20],,,.., 1994, 13 (1): 1217 [21] Kwon YT, lee CW. Application of multiple ecological risk indices for the evaluation of heavy metal contamination in a coastal dredging area. The Science of the Total Environment, 1998, 214 (1-3):

7 2 CuCdPbZnAs 285 Eco-Toxicological Effect of Compound Stress of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and As on Juncus Effuses SUN Jian 1, TIE Bo-qing 1*, QIAN Zhan 1, YANG She-wei 1, MAO Xiao-qian 1, ZHAO Ting 1, LUO Rong 2, ISAO Aoyama 2 ( 1 College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha , China; 2 Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Kurashiki , Japan ) Abstract: Eco-toxicology effects of compound stress of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and As on growth, chlorophyll content and protective enzyme of Juncus Effuses were studied using pot culture. Concentrations of the heavy metals in the soil were designed according to the State Soil Environmental Quality Standard. Considering practical application, soils contaminated with tailings and wastewater from Lead/Zinc mining were also used in the experiment. Results showed that biomass of the ground part of Juncus Effuses was inhabited to a certain degree. When the dosages of the heavy metals added to the soils were close to Grade II Criteria of the State Soil Environmental Quality Standard (GB ), Juncus Effuses could still grow normally in appearance though its yield decreased by 10%, however biomass of the underground part was not much affected. With the heavy metal concentration increasing, the content of chlorophyll and the ratios of chlorophyll a/b were decreasing rapidly. POD and SOD activities in Juncus Effuses increased first and then decreased afterwards, while CAT activity decreased linearly. In gerneral, the enzyme activities were gradually activated when the concentration of heavy metals was within the lower concentration range of the soil environmental quality which indicated their synergic resistance to heavy metal stress to a certain degree. But the enzyme activities were inhibited when their concentrations got higher. The yield of biomass of the ground part of Juncus Effuses growing on the soil polluted by wastewater or tailings of Lead/Zinc mining decareasd by 28.23% or 37.1% respectively, but the activities of POD, SOD and CAT were all higher than those in CK. All these suggest that Juncus Effuses could be used as an indicator of critical value of the toxic effects of the heavy metals, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and As, in soil, set on the basis of the upper limit of Grade II criteria of the State Soil Environmental Quality Standard. Key words: Juncus Effuses, Compound heavy metals, Stress, Growth, Physiological and biochemical index, Critical toxic effect