South River Board of Education Administration Building South River, NJ 08882

Transcription

1 Steven Winter Associates, Inc. 293 Route 18 South Telephone (866) Architects and Engineers East Brunswick, NJ February 3, 2010 Local Government Energy Program Energy Audit Report FINAL; 5/11/2010 South River Board of Education Administration Building South River, NJ Project Number: LGEA42

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION. 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 1. HISTORIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY USAGE AND COST ANALYSIS UTILITY RATE ENERGY BENCHMARKING FACILITY AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS BUILDING OCCUPANCY PROFILES BUILDING ENVELOPE EXTERIOR WALLS ROOF BASE WINDOWS EXTERIOR DOORS BUILDING AIR TIGHTNESS HVAC SYSTEMS GENERAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS LIGHTING APPLIANCES AND PROCESS ELEVATORS OTHER ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT LIST ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES RENEWABLE AND DISTRIBUTED ENERGY MEASURES EXISTING SYSTEMS WIND SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS COMBINED HEAT AND POWER GEOTHERMAL ENERGY PURCHASING AND PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES LOAD PROFILES TARIFF ANALYSIS ENERGY PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES METHOD OF ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS AND TOOLS DISCLAIMER APPENDIX A: LIGHTING STUDY APPENDIX B: THIRD PARTY ENERGY SUPPLIERS (ESCOS) South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 2/46

3 INTRODUCTION On January 5 th, 2010 Steven Winter Associates, Inc. (SWA) performed an energy audit and assessment for the South River Board of Education Administration building. The building is located at 15 Montgomery St., South River, NJ 08882, in the Borough of South River. The current conditions and energy-related information were collected in order to analyze and facilitate the implementation of energy conservation measures for the building. The one story Administration building was built in The building includes administrative offices, a copy room / kitchen, with a mechanical area in the basement. The building consists of 3,383 square feet of conditioned spaces. The building is occupied on weekdays by 11 employees from 8am to 6 pm. The goal of this Local Government Energy Audit (LGEA) is to provide sufficient information to the South River Board of Education to make decisions regarding the implementation of the most appropriate and most cost effective energy conservation measures for the Administration building. Launched in 2008, the LGEA Program provides subsidized energy audits for municipal and local government-owned facilities, including offices, courtrooms, town halls, police and fire stations, sanitation buildings, transportation structures, schools and community centers. The Program will subsidize 75% of the cost of the audit. If the net cost of the installed measures recommended by the audit exceeds the remaining cost of the audit, then that additional 25% will also be paid by the program. The Board of Public Utilities (BPUs) Office of Clean Energy has assigned TRC Energy Services to administer the Program. South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 3/46

4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The energy audit performed by Steven Winter Associates (SWA) encompasses the Administration building located at 15 Montgomery St., South River, NJ The Administration building is a one story building with a floor area of 3,383 square feet, originally built in Based on the field visits performed by the SWA staff on January 5 th, 2010, and the results of a comprehensive energy analysis, this report describes the site s current conditions and recommendations for improvements. Suggestions for measures related to energy conservation and improved comfort are provided in the scope of work. Energy and resource savings are estimated for each measure that results in a reduction of heating, cooling, and electric usage. From August 2008 to July 2009 the Administration building consumed 39,092 kwh or $11, worth of electricity at an approximate rate of $0.299/kWh and 1,410 therms or $2,411 worth of natural gas at an approximate rate of $1.71/therm. The joint energy consumption for the building, including both electricity and natural gas, was 274 MMBtu of energy that cost a total of $14,108. SWA has entered energy information about the Administration building in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) Energy Star Portfolio Manager Energy benchmarking system. SWA entered this building type as Office to calculate the building performance benchmark. The Portfolio Manager system does not provide an Energy Star score for Office type buildings that are less than 5,000 sqft at this time; however it provides a kbtu/ft 2 yr number for this building, and also compares this number with a national average number of similar buildings. The Site Energy Use Intensity is 80 kbtu/ft 2 yr compared to the national average of an office building consuming 77 kbtu/ft 2 yr. Implementing the recommendations included in this report will reduce the building energy consumption by approximately 15.2 kbtu/ft 2 yr. There may be energy procurement opportunities for the Administration to reduce annual utility costs, which are $6,058 higher, when compared to the average estimated NJ commercial utility rates. Based on the assessment of the Administration building, SWA has separated the recommendations into three categories (See Section 4 for more details). These are summarized as follows: Category I Recommendations: Capital Improvement Measures Insulate below grade walls adhering 3 of rigid insulation. Band and rim joists should be insulated with 3 of an open cell foam product Replace finned tube radiation and thermostats Category II Recommendations: Operations and Maintenance Install Boiler Room and Basement/Crawl Space Piping Insulation Water levels in the expansion tanks and the integrity of the tank bladder should be checked to confirm proper operation. Re-pointing exterior brick wall veneer Remove roofing tar from exterior walls Re-install attic insulation correctly Seal all ductwork with mastic including panned ductwork Maintain asphalt roof Maintain downspouts South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 4/46

5 Provide and maintain weather-stripping Air sealing Provide water efficient fixtures and controls Seal all ductwork with mastic including panned ductwork Use Energy Star labeled appliances Use smart power electric strips Category III Recommendations: Energy Conservation Measures - Upgrades with associated energy savings At this time, SWA highly recommends a total of 2 Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) for the Administration building that are summarized in the following Table 1. The total investment cost for these ECMs without incentives is $3,600. SWA estimates a first year savings of $1,499 with a simple payback of 2.4 years. SWA estimates that implementing the highly recommended ECMs will reduce the carbon footprint of the Administration building by 6,182 lbs of CO 2, which is equivalent to avoiding the need of 15 trees to absorb the annual CO 2 generated. SWA also recommends 3 ECMs with a total first year savings of $3,629 that is summarized in Table 2. There are various incentives available in New Jersey to lower the cost of installing the ECMs, like NJ SmartStart program, and Direct Install through the New Jersey Office of Clean Energy. South River City and 6 other nearby cities have a long term contract to purchase electricity as a consortium from the South River Electric Utility and do not pay the Societal Benefit Charges that fund NJCEP programs. Therefore the South River Board of Education is not eligible to receive any incentives for energy conservation under the New Jersey Clean Energy Program (NJCEP) at the present time.swa recommends the South River Board of Education to initiate a dialogue with the Board of Public Utilities (BPU) to gain access to these and other incentives in future. Institutional buildings with an average annual peak demand over 200 kw (Administration is about 16 kw) are eligible to participate in the NJ Clean Energy Pay for Performance program. The facility must contribute into the Societal Benefit Charges to claim any incentives under this program. Incentives for electricity and natural gas savings will be paid based on actual savings, provided that the minimum performance threshold of 15% savings has been achieved. To participate, select a Program Partner from an approved partner list and submit an Application Package with your Partner's assistance. Reducing 15% of the energy use at Administration will be challenging when considering the building s present operating efficiency without undertaking some of the capital improvement measures. Renewable ECMs require application approval and negotiations with the utility and proof of performance. There is also a utility-sponsored loan program through PSE&G that would allow the building to pay for the installation of the PV system through a loan issued by PSE&G. South River Board of Education should work with their electric utility company to determine if they will offer similar rebates and help for renewable ECMs. The following two tables summarize the proposed Energy conservation Measures (ECMs) and their economic relevance. In order to clearly present the overall energy opportunities for the building and ease the decision and choice of which ECM to implement, SWA calculated each ECM independently and did not incorporate slight/potential overlaps between some of the summarized ECMs (i.e. lighting change influence on heating/cooling). South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 5/46

6 Table 1 - Highly Recommended 0-5 Year Payback ECMs ECM # ECM description source est. installed cost, $ est. incentives, $ net est. ECM cost with incentives, $ kwh, 1st yr savings kw, demand reduction/mo therms, 1st yr savings kbtu/sq ft, 1st yr savings est. operating cost, 1st yr savings, $ total 1st yr savings, $ life of measure, yrs est. lifetime energy cost savings, $ simple payback, yrs lifetime return on investment, % annual return on investment, % internal rate of return, % net present value, $ CO 2 reduced, lbs/yr Install New 21.5cuft Energy 1, , , , Star refrigerator 11 New occupancy sensors to be RS Means, lit search 2, , N/A , , installed with incentives TOTALS 3, ,600 4, ,499 19, ,211 6,182 Assumptions: Discount Rate: 3.2% per DOE FEMP; Energy Price Escalation Rate: 0% per DOE FEMP Guidelines Table 2 - Recommended 5-10 Year Payback ECMs ECM # ECM description source est. installed cost, $ est. incentives, $ net est. ECM cost with incentives, $ kwh, 1st yr savings kw, demand reduction/mo therms, 1st yr savings kbtu/sq ft, 1st yr savings est. operating cost, 1st yr savings, $ total 1st yr savings, $ life of measure, yrs est. lifetime energy cost savings, $ simple payback, yrs lifetime return on investment, % annual return on investment, % internal rate of return, % net present value, $ CO 2 reduced, lbs/yr New T8 fixtures to be installed with incentives RS Means, lit search 10, ,646 4, N/A , , ,720 5,717 Replace gas-fired heating / electric cooling split HVAC system similar projects 8, ,000 3, , , ,526 4,975 with a high efficiency system 1 New CFL fixtures to be installed with RS Means, lit search N/A incentives TOTALS 18, ,696 7, ,343 3,629 46, ,257 10,721 South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 6/46

7 Table 3 - Renewable Energy ECMs ECM # ECM description source est. installed cost, $ est. incentives, $ net est. ECM cost with incentives, $ kwh, 1st yr savings kw, demand reduction/mo therms, 1st yr savings kbtu/sq ft, 1st yr savings est. operating cost, 1st yr savings, $ total 1st yr savings, $ life of measure, yrs est. lifetime energy cost savings, $ simple payback, yrs lifetime return on investment, % annual return on investment, % internal rate of return, % net present value, $ CO 2 reduced, lbs/yr 4b 4a Install 3 kw PV rooftop system without Grant similar projects 23, ,250 3,279 3 N/A , ,178 4,492 Install 3 kw PV rooftop system with Grant similar projects 23,250 20,000 3,250 3,279 3 N/A , ,822 4,492 South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 7/46

8 1. HISTORIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION 1.1. Energy usage and cost analysis SWA analyzed utility bills from August 2008 through July 2009 that were received from the BoE and the utility company supplying the Administration building s natural gas supply. Electricity - The Administration building is currently served by one electric meter. The Administration building currently buys electricity from South River Electric Utility at an average rate of $0.299/kWh based on 12 months of utility bills from August 2008 to July The Administration building purchased approximately 39,092 kwh or $11, worth of electricity in the previous year. The average monthly demand was estimated to be 16 kw. Natural gas - The South River Administration building is currently served by one meter for natural gas. The South River Administration building currently buys natural gas from PSE&G at an average aggregated rate of $1.71/therm based on 12 months of utility bills for August 2008 to July The South River Administration building purchased approximately 1,410 therms or $2,411 worth of natural gas in the previous year. The following chart shows electricity use for the Administration building based on utility bills for the 12 month period of August 2008 to July Please note that demand (kw) has been estimated and was not available from the utility bills. Electric Electric Usage (kwh) Electric Usage (kwh) Electric Usage Annual Annual Electric and Demand(kW) Annual Annual Electric Usage (kwh) and and Demand(kW) Usage Demand (kwh) Electric (kw) Demand (kw) Electric Usage (kwh) Demand (kw) (kw) Electric Demand (kw) Electric Usage Baseload (kwh) Estimated Baseload (kwh) Electric Usage (kwh) Estimated Baseload (kwh) Electric Electric Demand (kw) Mar-08 Aug-08 Mar-08 Apr-08 Sep-08 Apr-08 May-08 Oct-08 May-08 Jun-08 Nov-08 Jun-08 Jul-08 Dec-08 Jul-08 Aug-08 Jan-09 Aug-08 Sep-08 Sep-08 Feb-09 Date (Month-Year) Oct-08 Oct-08 Mar-09 Nov-08 Date (Month-Year) Date (Month-Year) (Month-Year) Nov-08 Apr-09 Dec-08 Dec-08 May-09 Jan-09 Jan-09 Jun-09 Feb-09 Feb-09 Jul The following chart shows the natural gas consumption for the Administration building based on natural gas bills for the 12 month period of August 2008 to July South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 8/46

9 350 Annual Natural Gas Usage (therms / Month) Aug-08 Sep-08 Oct-08 Nov-08 Dec-08 Jan-09 Feb-09 Mar-09 Apr-09 May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Natural Gas Usage (therms) Date (Month-Year) The following chart shows combined natural gas and electric consumption in Btu/sq ft for the Administration building based on utility bills for the 12 month period of August 2008 to July ,000 Electric and Natural Gas Consumption Per Area (Btu/sq ft.) Consumption (Btu/sq ft.) 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Aug-08 Sep-08 Oct-08 Nov-08 Dec-08 Jan-09 Feb-09 Mar-09 Date (Month-Year) Apr-09 May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 9/46

10 The following table and chart pies show energy use for the Administration building based on utility bills for the 12 month period of August 2008 to July Note: electric cost at $88/MMBtu of energy is more than 5 times as expensive to use as natural gas at $17/MMBtu. Electric Miscellaneous Electric For Cooling Electric For Heating Lighting 2008 Annual Energy Consumption / Costs MMBtu % MMBtu $ % $ $/MMBtu 12 4% $1,072 8% % $3,874 27% % $951 7% % $5,801 41% 88 Domestic Hot Water (Gas) Building Space Heating Totals Total Electric Usage Total Gas Usage Totals 33 12% $566 4% % $1,845 13% % $14, % % $11,697 83% % $2,411 17% % $14, % 51 Annual Energy Consumption (MMBtu) Electric Miscellaneous Building Space Heating Electric For Cooling Electric For Heating Domestic Hot Water (Gas) Lighting Annual Energy Consumption ($) Electric Miscellaneous Domestic Hot Water (Gas) Building Space Heating Electric For Cooling Lighting Electric For Heating South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 10/46

11 1.2. Utility rate The Administration building currently purchases electricity from the consortium at a general service market rate for electricity use (kwh). The Administration building currently pays an average rate of approximately $0.299/kWh based on the 12 months of utility bills of August 2008 to July The Administration building currently purchases natural gas supply from the Woodruff Energy at a general service market rate for natural gas (therms). PSE&G acts as the transport company. There is one gas meter that provides natural gas service to the Administration building currently. The average aggregated rate (supply and transport) for the meter is approximately $1.71/therm based on 12 months of utility bills for August 2008 to July Some of the minor unusual utility fluctuations that showed up for a couple of months on the utility bills may be due to adjustments between estimated and actual meter readings Energy benchmarking SWA has entered energy information about the Administration building in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA) Energy Star Portfolio Manager Energy benchmarking system. SWA entered this building type as Office to calculate the building performance benchmark. The Portfolio Manager system does not provide an Energy Star score for Office type buildings that are less than 5,000 sqft at this time; however it provides a kbtu/ft 2 yr number for this building, and also compares this number with a national average number of similar buildings. The Site Energy Use Intensity is 80 kbtu/sq ft yr compared to the national average of an office building consuming 77 kbtu/sq ft yr. Implementing this report s highly recommended Energy Conservations Measures (ECMs) will reduce use by approximately 10.1 kbtu/sqft yr, with an additional 5 kbtu/sq ft yr from the recommended ECMs, and 3.3 kbtu/sq ft yr with the installation of photovoltaic panels. These recommendations could account for approximately 18.4 kbtu/sq ft yr reduction, which when implemented would make the building energy consumption lower than the national average. SWA has created the Portfolio Manager site information for South River Board of Education. This information can be accessed at: with the following: Username: SouthRiverTownship Password: SOUTHRIVER SWA has also shared this Portfolio Manager information with TRC Energy Services (user name of TRC-LGEA). South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 11/46

12 South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 12/46

13 2. FACILITY AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION 2.1. Building Characteristics The one story Administration building was originally built in 1930 and consists of a total 3,383 square feet of conditioned space. The building includes administrative offices, copy room / kitchen, with a mechanical area in the basement Building occupancy profiles The Administration building is occupied weekdays by 11 employees from 8am to 6 pm Building envelope Exterior Walls The exterior walls are framed with 2x4 wood studs, 16 on-center, R-13 fiberglass batts with a gypsum wall board finish and 4 brick veneer. The images below show areas of the brick veneer warranting needed maintenance. SWA recommends re-pointing and caulking on a regular maintenance schedule in order to prevent water infiltration into the wall cavity. Image 1: Re-pointing needed at base of exterior wall veneer; Image 2: Crack warrants caulking or re-pointing Image 3: Gutter downspout not connected to PVC drainage pipe; Image 4: Brick veneer showing water damage South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 13/46

14 Gutters and downspouts should be well maintained, with downspouts extending two feet or more from the base of the building. Attention and maintenance should be given to these areas as uncontrolled roof water runoff can potentially penetrate exterior walls and cause energy losses and structural damage. Special attention should be given to roof drainage to avoid water damage to exterior wall assemblies Roof Below grade walls are a mixture of poured concrete and concrete block walls. No insulation was detected on the walls. Fiberglass insulation was inserted in band and rim joist cavities. SWA recommends insulating below grade walls adhering 3 of rigid insulation. Band and rim joists should be insulated with 3 of an open cell foam product (which will also serve to air seal the area). The basement should be included in the building envelope as the mechanicals are located there, all plumbing, and ductwork (including panned return ducts). The Administration building roof is constructed with wood framed rafters, pitched with brown colored asphalt shingles. The asphalt shingles appear to be in age appropriate condition with no obvious damage. At the time of the audit, SWA was not informed of any problems due to roof leaks or damage. Regular maintenance should be performed in order to prevent future damage, such as replacement of any damaged shingles, cleaning gutters, and assuring all roof penetrations (such as plumbing stacks or roof flashing) are well sealed. Pitched asphalt roof; Roof sealant melting on exterior walls The roofing tar used around the perimeter of the roof has melted due to high temperatures noticeably onto exterior wall facades and potentially onto other areas around the building. These areas need immediate attention and the roofing contractor should be responsible for extracting substances from the damaged areas. South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 14/46

15 Fiberglass batts layered on attic flooring and center pathway; Attic hatch opening / dropped ceiling panel The attic is floored with plywood, with 10 fiberglass batt insulation placed on the floor. There is a pathway without insulation cut directly through the center of the attic. Insulation should be installed uniformly and in direct and constant contact with the air barrier. In this case the dropped ceiling acts as an air barrier and insulation should be installed in direct contact. The current configuration allows cold air to move freely in the plenum area between the ceiling and attic floor, essentially voiding the thermal effectiveness of the insulation. Additionally the attic hatch should be gasketed and insulated to IECC building code or better. SWA recommends adhering R-38 rigid insulation to the attic hatch cover Base The building s base is a 4 concrete slab below grade with concrete block or poured concrete walls. No water seepage through the slab or other issues related to thermal performance was detected Windows The windows of the Administration building are double pane, vinyl framed and appear to be in age appropriate condition. There did not appear to be any major issues either due to damage or penetrations, or discussed with SWA staff during the building audit. Regular maintenance should be performed, re-caulking around the perimeter of windows (exterior and interior) to ensure a tight seal. South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 15/46

16 Double pane vinyl framed windows; AC unit in window of copy room / kitchen Additionally, window AC units should be removed for winter conditions. If removal of these units is not feasible, SWA recommends airtight covers (such as Chill Stop-R) or a gasketed cover for optimal performance Exterior doors There are various doors types in the building including two wood doors and aluminum exterior doors. Two of the doors included storm door panels. The doors were inspected and observed to be in fair condition needing attention verifying tight seals, installing or verifying weather-stripping or higher thresholds. The IR image below shows air infiltration around a door in the building. When replacement doors are warranted, SWA recommends new insulated doors with sufficient R values. All exterior doors of the building should be weather-stripped in order to decrease the amount of conditioned air that is lost around each door. SWA also recommends checking the weather-stripping of each door on a regular basis and replacing any broken seals. Tight seals around doors will help ensure the building to be is kept continuously insulated. Images showing daylighting around door perimeter and air infiltration due to lack of sufficient weather-stripping South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 16/46

17 Image of bilco doors showing daylighting and un-insulated wood door without storm door The bilco door should be considered an exterior door with the same treatment as all doors on the ground floor Building air tightness The Infrared image below shows cold spots where wood studs frame the exterior walls (warmer spots where wall insulation exists) and show a lack of air sealing as air moves above the top-plate. SWA suggests air sealing, caulking and / or insulating around all plumbing, electrical, HVAC and structural envelope penetrations. This should include bottom and top plates, recessed light fixtures, electrical boxes, chimney walls and window, or sleeve air conditioner units. Infrared image showing cold spots (in blue) including wood framing and air moving above top-plates South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 17/46

18 Vent located in window of basement; Perimeter of gas meter should be sealed The register or vent inserted in the window (seen in the image above) in the basement should be sealed. When the building envelope is further defined with insulation adhered to below grade walls, sealing and insulation in the rim and band joists, attic insulation correctly installed, and doors weather-stripped, all penetrations should be sealed (including the sealing of the vent in the window and the perimeter of the gas meter) HVAC Systems General This building is a combination of two adjacent buildings. The rear portion of the building contains a full basement and partial crawl space, and the front portion of the building contains a partial crawl space that is accessible via a floor hatch in one of the storage rooms off the main corridor. Each portion of the building is served by separate heating and cooling systems as described below Heating The rear portion of the building is heated by a hot water boiler located in the basement below the conference room. A hot water pump circulates hot water to finned tube radiation located below the windows in the rear portion of the building. The finned tube radiation equipment is in fair to poor condition and should be considered for replacement as part of a capital improvement project. New finned tube radiation would result in improved efficiency of heat transfer, but the expense of this replacement cannot be justified based on energy savings alone. In addition, the conference room receives supplemental heat from a wall-mounted ductless split system heat pump. This equipment is relatively new and in very good condition. South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 18/46

19 Fan Coil Unit Wooden Box Plenum The front portion of the building is heated by a gas-fired furnace located in the crawl space below the front open office area. The furnace feeds ductwork that is located in the crawl space and terminates at wall-mounted registers in the front offices. The heating hot water is produced by one (1) cast iron sectional style hot water boiler located in the basement. The boiler is in good condition. The boiler was installed in 1994 and has approximately 45% of its expected service life of 25 years remaining per 2007 ASHRAE HVAC Applications Handbook. The boiler is rated for 151 MBtu/hr of heating capacity. The boiler burner is rated for 250 MBtu/hr. The burner was replaced in 1998 and has 45% left of its expected service life of 20 years. Hot Water Boiler It is assumed that the cartridge type circulating pump is the original pump installed in the system. The pump has approximately 25% remaining of its expected service life of 20 years and it appears to be operating satisfactorily. This pump is fractional horsepower and replacement would yield negligible energy savings. There were no complaints about the ability of the heating system to provide adequate comfort to the building occupants. One observation of note for the boiler room is that combustion air is only introduced into the room via one (1) louver located high in the room. Per the 2006 International Mechanical Code, combustion air must be introduced in two (2) locations, one (1) within one foot of the ceiling and one (1) within one foot of the floor. SWA recommends that a second intake louver is introduced and ducted to within one foot of the floor level to comply with this requirement. South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 19/46

20 Panned ductwork in basement Cooling The rear portion of the building is cooled by a vertical fan coil unit in the basement below the conference room. This unit is approaching the end of its expected service life and should be considered for replacement in the next 2-3 years. The vertical fan coil unit is installed on top of a wooden box, which is serving as the unit s plenum return box. SWA highly recommends that this plenum box be replaced with proper duct work and supports for the unit. Sheet metal ductwork is more impervious than wood to the effects that may accompany the moisture that can be present in the airstream. These effects may include mold and bacteria growth and entrainment of wood particles in the airstream. In addition, the rear conference is cooled by a wall-mounted ductless split system heat pump. The front portion of the building is cooled by a gas fired furnace with split system DX cooling located in the crawl space below the front open office area. This equipment is in fair condition even though it is beyond its expected service life of 15 years per 2007 ASHRAE HVAC Applications Handbook. The associated aircooled condensing units paired with the equipment mentioned above are located on grade on the exterior of the building adjacent to the front offices and rear conference room. Split System HVAC Equipment Serving Front Portion of Building The air-cooled condensing units for the vertical fan unit, gas-fired furnace, and wall-mounted ductless split system are approximately twelve (12), fourteen (14), and two (2) years old, respectively. There are no complaints about the ability of the cooling systems to provide adequate comfort to the building occupants. There is a window heat pump unit located in the back office that serves as the Employee Break Room and Copier Room. It was reported that the unit remains in the air conditioning mode at all times. SWA was advised that this equipment is temporary and that it should not be considered for replacement as part of this study. South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 20/46

21 2.4.3 Ventilation In general, the equipment located on the basement level and crawl space is not provided with outside air for ventilation. It is possible that the ventilation is code compliant based on allowance for natural ventilation via existing windows, but this determination requires further study. There were no reports of discomfort from the occupants due to poor indoor air quality. Replacement equipment must incorporate a minimum level of ventilation air for code compliance. The building has a small number of rooftop exhaust fans, and it is assumed that a few are at the end of their operating lives. They should be replaced in kind. The fan motors are small and the replacement units will have negligible energy savings over the existing Domestic Hot Water There is one (1) electric floor mounted domestic water heater located in the basement. The heater was installed in 2001 and is in relatively good condition. Although there may be some savings to convert to a gas-fired tank-type water heater, this measure will not be pursued due to the relative age of this equipment and the low domestic hot water demand in the building Electrical systems Lighting Interior Lighting - The Administration building currently consists of mostly T12 fluorescent fixtures with magnetic ballasts. SWA recommends replacing these fixtures with T8 lamp fixtures with electronic ballasts which are far more efficient. Based on measurements of lighting levels for each space, there are not any vastly over-illuminated areas. SWA recommends installing occupancy sensors in bathrooms, closets, offices. Typically, occupancy sensors have an adjustable time delay that shuts down the lights automatically if no motion or sound is detected within a set time period. See the attached Lighting Schedule in Appendix A for a complete inventory of lighting throughout the building and estimated power consumption. Exit Lights - Exit signs were found to be LED type. Exterior Lighting - The exterior lighting surveyed during the building audit was found to be a mix of metal halide and CFL fixtures. SWA is not recommending any upgrades at this time to either fixtures, or bulbs. South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 21/46

22 Appliances and process Appliances, such as refrigerators, that are over 10 years of age should be replaced with newer efficient models with the Energy Star label. For example, Energy Star refrigerators use as little as 315 kwh / yr. When compared to the average electrical consumption of older equipment, Energy Star equipment results in a large savings. Building management should select Energy Star label appliances and equipment when replacing: refrigerators, printers, computers, copy machines, etc. More information can be found in the Products section of the Energy Star website at: Also, energy vending miser devices are now available for conserving energy usage by Drinks and Snacks vending machines. When equipped with the vending miser devices, vending machines use less energy and are comparable in daily energy performance to new ENERGY STAR qualified machines. Older refrigerator in kitchen / copy room Computers left on in the building consume a lot of energy. A typical desktop computer uses 65 to 250 watts and uses the same amount of energy when the screen saver is left on. Televisions in meeting areas use approximately 3-5 watts of electricity when turned off. SWA recommends all computers and all appliances (i.e. fridges, coffee makers, televisions, etc) be plugged in to power strips and turned off each evening just as the lights are turned off. The South River Administration building computers are generally programmed for the power save mode, to shut down after a period of time that they have not been used Elevators There are no elevators in the Administration building Other electrical systems There are not currently any other significant energy impacting electrical systems installed at the Administration building. South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 22/46

23 3. EQUIPMENT LIST Inventory Building System Cooling Description Location Model # Fuel Space Served Air-cooled Condensing Unit On-grade in back of building Bryant M# 561AJ048-B S# 2393E V 1ph 31MCA 50MOCP Compressor: 23.7FLA 1/4HP Year Installed Estimated Remaining Useful Life % Electric Front Offices % Cooling Air-cooled Condensing Unit On-grade in back of building York M# H2DB048506A S# EMEM V 1ph 28.9MCA 45MOCP Electric Back portion of building % Cooling Air-cooled Condensing Unit On-grade in back of building Heating Hot Water Boiler Basement Heating Gas Burner Basement Heating Cooling / Heating Hot Water Pump for Boiler Vertical Fan Coil Unit Basement Basement Sanyo M# CH1271 S# V 1ph 20MCA 20MOCP Weil-McLain Cast Iron Sectional Boiler M# P-468-WT S# ,000 BTU input 650,000 BTU/Hr capacity 131 water MBH; Approx. 82% efficiency Wayne M# P250AF S# MBH max input 50MBH min input Taco 115V 1/25HP.75A York M# F*FP060H06A S# ELFS V 1ph Motor: 4.5FLA 3/4HP Electric Natural Gas Natural Gas Conference Room % Building % Building % Electric Building % Electric Back portion of building % Dom. Hot Water Domestic Hot Water Heater Basement State M# P62010MSK S# D V 19.9 gal capacity Electric Building % continued on the next page South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 23/46

24 Building System Cooling Cooling/Heating Ventilation Heating Refrig. Cooking Equip. Cooling / Heating continued from the previous page Description Location Model # Fuel Space Served (2) Condensate Pumps Wall Mounted Ductless Split System Heat Pump Exhaust Fan Finned-tube Radiators Refrigerator Microwave Window Heat Pump Unit (stays in AC mode at all times) Basement Conference Room Conference Room Conference Room Back Offices Back Offices Back Offices Little Giant M# VCMA-15ULS 115V 1ph Sanyo M# KHS1271 S# V 1ph Nutone (no visible nameplate) - Sears - Kenmore: Frostless M# Part# V 1ph 4.75A 12.0 CuFt. Whirlpool M# MT7118XDQ-0 S# XCF W Airtemp M# B6Y18F7A-C S# CS Y 1835 W Heat 230v 1ph 9.7EER R-22 Electric Electric Electric Natural Gas Electric #1 - Fan Coil Unit #2 - Spilt System, Conf. Room Conference Room Conference Room Conference Room & Back Offices Building Year Installed Estimated Remaining Useful Life % 20% 95% % Est Est Est Electric Building 1996 Electric Back Offices Est % 45% 25% 0%, at the end of equipment's expected useful life N/A - Temporary Equipment Cooling / Heating Gas-fired Furnace w/ Split System DX Cooling Crawl space under front offices Carrier M# 286H S# D Carrier M# 58CH S# B07 120MBH input Natural Gas Front Offices %, at the end of equipment's expected useful life Lighting See details - Appendix A building - Electric Building Note: The remaining useful life of a system (in %) is an estimate based on the system date of built and existing conditions derived from visual inspection. South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 24/46

25 4. ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES Based on the assessment of the South River Administration, SWA has separated the investment opportunities into three recommended categories: 1. Capital Improvements - Upgrades not directly associated with energy savings 2. Operations and Maintenance - Low Cost / No Cost Measures 3. Energy Conservation Measures - Higher cost upgrades with associated energy savings Category I Recommendations: Capital Improvements Insulate basement exterior walls and band / rim joists - SWA recommends insulating below grade walls adhering 3 of rigid insulation. Band and rim joists should be insulated with 3 of an open cell foam product (which will also serve to air seal the area). The basement should be included in the building envelope as the mechanicals are located there, all plumbing, and ductwork (including panned return ducts). SWA estimated the investment of installing insulation to the below grade walls and band / rim joists to be approximately $12,000, based on RS Means 2009 (Building Construction Cost Data) and similar projects, which would provide a minimal annual energy savings and a 15 year simple payback. SWA recommends these improvements during the next major renovation or upgrade to the building. Replace finned tube radiation and thermostats The finned tube radiation is old and in fair condition, most covers have been painted several times. The heat transfer through this equipment is relatively inefficient as compared to new equipment. Considering the observed conditions, SWA recommends replacement of this equipment. There is better control offered by the newer, electronically controlled thermostats and control valves, although energy savings are negligible. Category II Recommendations: Operations and Maintenance Boiler Room and Basement/Crawl Space Piping Insulation Insulate heating hot water piping and domestic hot water piping to efficiently deliver heat where required and provide personnel protection. Water levels in the expansion tanks and the integrity of the tank bladder should be checked to confirm proper operation. Re-pointing exterior brick wall veneer to prevent future water infiltration. Repair / seal wall cracks and penetrations - SWA recommends as part of the maintenance program to install proper flashing, correct masonry efflorescence and seal wall cracks and penetrations wherever necessary in order to keep insulation dry and effective. Remove roofing tar from exterior walls - The roofing tar used around the perimeter of the roof has melted due to high temperatures noticeably onto exterior wall facades and potentially onto other areas around the building. These areas need immediate attention and the roofing contractor should be responsible for extracting substances from the damaged areas. Re-install attic insulation correctly - Insulation should be installed uniformly and in direct and constant contact with the air barrier. In this case the dropped ceiling acts as an air barrier and insulation should be installed in direct contact. The current configuration allows cold air to move freely in the plenum area between the ceiling and attic floor, essentially voiding the thermal effectiveness of the insulation. Additionally the attic hatch should be gasketed and insulated to IECC building code or better. SWA recommends adhering R-38 rigid insulation to the attic hatch cover. South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 25/46

26 Maintain asphalt roof - SWA recommends regular maintenance to all roofing surfaces to prevent future damage and verify water is draining correctly. Maintain downspouts - Repair / install missing downspouts as needed to prevent water / moisture infiltration and insulation damage. Provide weather stripping - SWA observed that exterior door weather-stripping in places was beginning to deteriorate. Install weather-stripping on bilco door and adhere rigid insulation to bilco door panels. Exterior doors should be observed annually for deficient weather-stripping and replaced as needed. The perimeter of all window frames should also be regularly inspected and any missing or deteriorated caulking should be re-caulked to provide an unbroken seal around the window frames. Air sealing SWA suggests air sealing, caulking and / or insulating around all plumbing, electrical, HVAC and structural envelope penetrations. This should include bottom and top plates, recessed light fixtures, electrical boxes, chimney walls and window, or sleeve air conditioner units. Accessible gaps or penetrations in the thermal envelope penetrations should be sealed with caulk or spray foam. Chill Stop- R or similar product should be applied to all window AC or wall AC units to prevent the loss of expensive conditioned air. Seal all ductwork with mastic (a joint compound made for ductwork) seal around air handler unit, plenums, return and supply trunks and takeoffs and caulk around floor registers. Panned ductwork should also be sealed (sheet metal to floor joists and floor joists to basement ceiling). When the furnace is due for replacement, SWA recommends all ductwork is fully ducted, whether flex or sheet metal. Utilizing building cavities for ductwork not only means conditioned air is not fully delivered to the intended destination but it could result in further air quality issues. Provide water efficient fixtures and controls - Adding controlled on / off timers on all lavatory faucets is a cost-effective way to reduce domestic hot water demand and save water. Building staff can also easily install low flow faucet aerators (recommended 0.5gpm) to reduce water consumption. Routine maintenance practices that identify and quickly address water leaks are a low-cost way to save water and energy. Retrofitting with more efficient water-consumption fixtures / appliances will save both energy and money through reduced energy consumption for water heating, while also decreasing water / sewer bills Use Energy Star labeled appliances - such as Energy Star refrigerators that should replace older energy inefficient equipment. Use smart power electric strips - in conjunction with occupancy sensors to power down computer equipment when left unattended for extended periods of time. South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 26/46

27 Category III Recommendations: Energy Conservation Measures Summary table ECM# Description of Highly Recommended 0-5 Year Payback ECMs 1 Install New Energy Star Refrigerator New occupancy sensors to be installed Description of Recommended 5-10 Year Payback ECMs New T8 fixtures to be installed 3 Replace Gas-Fired Heating/DX Cooling Split System Serving Front Offices New CFL fixtures to be installed Renewable Energy Alternatives ECMs 4 Install 3.0 kw PV system (with or without grants) South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 27/46

28 ECM#1: Replace Old Refrigerator with Energy Star Model Description: On the days of the site visit, SWA observed an older refrigerator in the kitchen / copy room which is not Energy Star rated (using approximately 1709 kwh/yr). Appliances, such as refrigerators, that are over years of age should be replaced with newer efficient models with the Energy Star label. SWA recommends the replacement of the existing refrigerator which is operating at the end of its useful lives with a more modern, ENERGY STAR, energy efficient appliance. Besides saving energy, the replacement will also keep the kitchen area cooler. In addition, the existing systems utilize R-12 refrigerant, which is not an ozone-friendly refrigerant. Newer systems should be specified with R-134A or R-404A refrigerant. When compared to the average electrical consumption of older equipment, Energy Star equipment results in large savings. Look for the Energy Star label when replacing appliances and equipment, including: window air conditioners, refrigerators, printers, computers, copy machines, etc. More information can be found in the Products section of the Energy Star website at: Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $1,180 Source of cost estimate: Energy Star purchasing and procurement site, similar projects, Manufacturer and Store established costs Economics: ECM # 1 ECM description Install New 21.5cuft Energy Star refrigerator source ergystar.gov est. installed cost, $ est. incentives, $ net est. ECM cost with incentives, $ kwh, 1st yr savings kw, demand reduction/mo therms, 1st yr savings kbtu/sq ft, 1st yr savings est. operating cost, 1st yr savings, $ total 1st yr savings, $ , , life of measure, yrs est. lifetime cost savings, $ simple payback, yrs lifetime return on investment, % annual return on investment, % internal rate of return, % net present value, $ CO2 reduced, lbs/yr South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 28/46

29 Assumptions: SWA calculated the savings for this measure using measurements taken the day of the field visit and using the billing analysis. SWA assumed one annual call to a refrigeration contractor to perform minor repairs on old refrigerators. Rebates/financial incentives: NJ Clean Energy - There are not any incentives at this time offered by the state of NJ for this energy conservation measure. Options for funding the Lighting ECM: This project may benefit from enrolling in NJ SmartStart program with Technical Assistance to offset a portion of the cost of implementation. South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 29/46

30 ECM#2: Building Lighting Upgrades Description: On the day of the site visits, SWA completed a lighting inventory of the Administration building (see Appendix A). The existing lighting consists of mostly T12 fluorescent fixtures with magnetic ballasts. SWA has performed an evaluation of installing occupancy sensors in large spaces, offices and bathrooms. The labor in all these installations was evaluated using prevailing electrical contractor wages. The South River Board of Education may decide to perform this work with in-house resources from its Maintenance Department on a scheduled, longer timeline than otherwise performed by a contractor to obtain savings. Installation cost: Estimated installed cost: $13,116 Source of cost estimate: RS Means; Published and established costs, NJ Clean Energy Program Economics (without incentives): ECM # ECM description 50 New T8 fixtures to be installed with incentives 1 New CFL fixtures to be installed with incentives 11 New occupancy sensors to be installed with incentives source RS Means, lit search RS Means, lit search RS Means, lit search est. installed cost, $ est. incentives, $ net est. ECM cost with incentives, $ kwh, 1st yr savings kw, demand reduction/mo therms, 1st yr savings kbtu/sq ft, 1st yr savings est. operating cost, 1st yr savings, $ 10, , N/A , , N/A , , N/A , , TOTALS 13, ,116 7, , , total 1st yr savings, $ life of measure, yrs est. lifetime energy cost savings, $ simple payback, yrs lifetime return on investment, % annual return on investment, % internal rate of return, % net present value, $ CO 2 reduced, lbs/yr South River Administration Building SWA, Inc. - Local Government Energy Audit Report Page 30/46