Nitya Jacob y Programme Director - Water

Transcription

1 Nitya Jacob y Programme Director - Water

2 Centre for Science and Environment Set up in 1980, CSE is a public interest research and policy advocacy organization (NGO) It promotes sustainable development with equity, participation i i and democracy through knowledge based activism policy research combined with public awareness Areas of work Areas of work Water, Forest Management, Air Pollution, Climate change, Industry, Health and Environmental Education.

3 Centre for Science and Environment. CSE works on thematic programme areas across India and South Asia. A Stockholm Water Prize winner - A national resource centre of the M/o Rural Development - Centre of Excellence in Sustainable Water Management of the M/o Urban Development - Regulator s training centre for M/o Environment & Forest/Central Pollution Control Board South Asia in particularly working in Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka with Government, International /National NGO s, academics and Professionals for the last 3 years

4 Centre for Science and Environment Water Programme Programme & Objectives Research Advocacy Policy change

5 Water Programme Research Research to understand nature of problems and develop solutions To enable institutions and people undertake actions in managing water / wastewater and implementation of best practices. Advocacy To strengthen all those who are involved in managing their water - governments, community/ individual (newsletter, model projects, rain centres and Water walks) Policy Influence and change government decision making related to water

6 Research Pollution and rivers Lakes revival and Rainwater Harvesting Rural water and sanitation

7 Policy 1. Through policy briefs Improve monitoring pollution Campaign on rainwater harvesting Campaign on lake revival Greening villages through sanitation 2. Meetings with Policy Makers Roundtables Thematic meetings National level seminars

8 Knowledge Dissemination Monthly newsletter reaching 7,000 people Articles in Down to Earth, reaching 20,000 print and over 30,000 online visitors every fortnight Radio programmes Mass media Public meetings

9 Knowledge Dissemination A central repository of information made available on all aspects related to sustainable water management, with an easy to use and convenient informational services Newsletter on water management and waste water treatment every month; editorial, guest article, news, cartoon If Informational services: directory of people and organisations working on sustainable water management, statistical data, e- newsletters, announcements of events (conferences, seminars etc. News clippings, books, e-documents policy documents, articles

10 Knowledge Dissemination Lakes and rainwater harvesting CSE is compiling a South Asia database of people involved in urban rainwater harvesting and dlake protection. National/ international legislations and financial incentives on lake protection RWH case studies (traditional, urban and rural) are also available Rivers and pollution We are compiling South Asia database of people working on rivers and pollution The databases include list of individuals, government, non government agencies involved in designing and implementation of RWH systems.

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15 Our study

16 Water for growth? Cities-industries need water for growth. Where will this come from? India will not follow transition of rich world people move to cities; i economies move to service-industry; water moves with it

17 Need to reinvent Violence will grow Already cases of protest and police firing over water allocation to industry or city Indian cities need to become prosperous without more water How is that possible? Urbanization is at 30%, increasing rapidly

18 Water, not supplied Water supply in cities: Engineers are obsessed with water, not supply Water sourced from further and further away Leads to increasing cost of supply Leads to high h distribution ib i losses Less water to supply at end of pipeline Less water means more costly water Cities not able to recover costs of supply, have no money to invest in sewage

19 Demand, not supply Most Indian cities have enough water for supply But water does not reach all Intra-city inequity is huge and growing Challenge is about justice, but it is about technology current system expensive, too wasteful to supply to all, take back the waste of all

20 Cost of energy high and growing component of water supply Energy 28% Salaries 24% Repairs 20%

21 Groundwater: abused Water supply does not reach all, only few. No alternative but to move to groundwater But this is not accounted for Cities only consider official groundwater use Millions depend on private wells, tanker mafia, bottled water No recognition of this water source; no respect for its management Groundwater is not considered as critical for water supply, recharge is neglected

22 Lakes: Future lost Climate change is new threat Extreme rainfall events will grow More rain, fewer rainy days Cities need sponges to capture rain, recharge for scarcity But not considered in planning Land is valued, water is not

23 Nobody knows: or cares Little monitoring of groundwater levels in cities roughly 40 cities with 2 observation wells each. Inadequate to measure, data not publicly available But what is known shows: 1. Water levels falling dangerously 2. Cities unable to regulate private groundwater 3. Water becoming more polluted nitrate levels growing. Sign of sewage in water

24 Water=waste Cities plan for water, forget waste 80% water leaves homes as sewage More water=more waste Cities have no accounts for sewage Cities have no clue how they will convey waste of all, treat it, clean rivers Cities only dream of becoming New York or London

25 Excreta: sums 2009: Sewage generated = 38,255 mld Capacity to treat = 11,788 mld (30%) Sewage actually treated = 8,251 mld (22%) 78 % sewage is officially untreated and disposed off in rivers, lakes, groundwater We flush, we forget

26 Planning for hardware Cities plan for treatment not sewage Treatment plants are not simple answers Can build plants to treat, but there is no waste being conveyed for treatment Most cities do not have underground sewage But engineers sell pipe-dreams of catching up with infrastructure Politicians buy pipe-dreams We lose rivers. Generations of lost rivers

27 Partial treatment=pollution Cities do not control pollution Cost of building conventional system is high City can build sewage for few not all Spends on building pipes, repair and energy costs of pumping to treatment plant of this waste of some few Spends to treat waste of some few Treated waste of few gets mixed with untreated waste of majority The result is pollution

28 Rivers: dying and dead

29 We all live downstream

30 Reform agenda 1. Prioritize public investment differently 2. Plan to cut costs of water supply 3. Invest in local l water systems 4. Reduce water demand 5. Spend on sewage not on water 6. Cut costs on sewage systems 7. Plan to recycle and reuse every drop

31 Affordable water Agenda: Cut costs of water supply Supply to all and not some Protect local water systems Maximise local availability protect lakes and river, increase RWH To reduce losses in distribution; reduce costs of supply, cities must depend more on local water systems Cities must legislate to protect local water bodies No new water supply scheme unless local water system is protected; local water is planned for

32 Rationalise water supply Agenda: Demand and not supply management Promote water-efficient appliances Do not give more water to cities unless they reduce wastage, reduce intra-city inequity, reduce demand of water Promote water-prudent cities Promote water-wise societies

33 Plan for sewage Agenda: Plan for sewage before water No water scheme must be passed without sewage component Costs of sewage must be designed Will force re-evaluation of technology to design for affordable solutions Sewage must be our obsession

34 Plan differently for sewage Do not wait for underground sewage drain, pipe, pump, treatment plant to be built, repaired, or inaugurated Plan for sewage treatment now Use open drains as treatment zones Use lakes and ponds as treatment zones Treat locally so that treated water can be used locally

35 Re-design flush toilet Agenda:Re-design sewage for reuse Close nitrogen-phosphorus cycle Human waste is a resource Question is to find affordable ways to treat waste as resource Can be done

36 Plan deliberately for reuse Agenda: plan to reuse every drop of sewage Singapore gp treats waste to water Expensive We can treat waste for reuse in agriculture Less expensive Kolkata wetlands were city s kidney flushed and cleaned waste. But tdiscounted d Many other cities sewage used by farmers. But polluted. Needs attention

37 Purpose of workshop Common challenges, common future CSE has an active South Asia programme to improve environmental governance leveraging its experience in India How can we Improve pollution monitoring and river water quality Institutionalise lake protection and use rainwater harvesting Develop green villages through better rural water provision and sanitation Bring experiences from India that can inform action and policy in South Asia

38 Sri Lanka s Water Challenges Annual losses due to water pollution estimated at 2% of GDP High rates of surface run-off, flooding, siltation of reservoirs, depletion of groundwater, reduced base flows Major adverse impact on agriculture and related activities, fishing and related activities Will impact food security

39 Sri Lanka s Water Challenges Average rainfall is 1500 mm Only half lfis tapped How to supply water to cities where 60% people will reside One third people get piped water How to ensure safety of water sources How to reduce river pollution How to protect lakes How to protect groundwater

40 Sri Lanka s Water Situation