2017 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)

Transcription

1 2017 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management July 2017

2 Local Authority Officer Department Address Peter Nobes Public Protection Services Telephone Report Reference number County Hall, Bythesea Road, Trowbridge. BA14 8JN WC/ASR2017 Date July 2017

3 Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air Quality in Council Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society such as children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with health inequalities, as areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas 1,2. The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around 16 billion 3. The air quality in is predominantly very good with the majority of the county having clean unpolluted air. However there are a small number of locations where the combination of traffic volume, road layout and topography has resulted in pollutants being trapped allowing concentrations to increase to unacceptable levels. There are two pollutants included within the Local Air Quality Management regime that are the cause of concern in ; nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM10). In general the trend has been toward improving air quality in the county of, however the picture for 2016 is mixed with some locations having shown a slight deterioration. There are currently eight Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) in which have been declared in respect of the annual mean objective for nitrogen dioxide; Westbury Devizes Calne Marlborough 1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013 i

4 Salisbury Bradford on Avon There are three separate AQMAs declared for Salisbury: the city centre, the A30 London Road between St Mark s roundabout and the railway allotments and Wilton Road between St Paul s roundabout and Skew Bridge which is part of the A36 trunk road and falls within the control of the Highways England. The AQMA in Bradford on Avon has also been declared in respect of the annual mean objectives for fine particulates. Maps of the AQMAs are available via the Air Quality website. An order was made in March 2016 to extend the AQMA on Wilton Road from St Paul s roundabout through to the Halfway House public house near Skew Bridge. This road is part of the A36 trunk road administered by Highways England (HE). The route through the city comprises Southampton Road which is the main out of town shopping area for Salisbury, Churchill Way, the internal ring road bordered by dwellings and Wilton Road, which is a mixed commercial/residential area with some property that fronts directly onto the street. A representative from HE attended a meeting of the Salisbury Air Quality Action Planning Steering Group and subsequently representatives from the agency gave presentations to Salisbury Area Board on congestion, repair of the carriageway and air quality. Despite this it has proven difficult to engage with the Highways England. The agency is now due to meet with officers from several council services to discuss options and a way ahead in the next few weeks, which we welcome. There are currently no AQMAs in Chippenham, however levels are close to the annual mean objective and this issue was subject to detailed evidence and discussion at the examination in public for the Chippenham Site Allocation Plan which forms part of the Core Strategy. This brought to the fore issues with the main guidance document available on Planning and Air Quality published by EPUK guidance. The document is generally a very good publication however we will seek to address concerns with regard to interpretation of the impact of a development on air quality through the revision of our Supplementary Planning Document in the coming year. ii

5 The 2017 Annual Status Report has highlighted a potential exceedance of the air quality objective for annual mean levels of nitrogen dioxide at a site at the northern end of Royal Wootton Bassett. It is the intention of the council to thoroughly investigate the levels of NO2 in this area during 2017/8 and to report back to the local area board as soon as practicable as to whether it will be necessary to declare an Air Quality Management Area. Council has continued to work collaboratively with partners and stakeholders. Salisbury Reds, part of Go Southcoast, resubmitted a bid to OLEV for cleaner buses for Salisbury and the Sustainable Transport Team has made further bids to DEFRA for initiatives that support improvement of air quality. The Council has established local air quality steering groups to spearhead local initiatives to improve air quality where AQMAs have been declared. These groups report directly to their Area Boards. The groups are composed of local councillors, interest groups and private individuals and they draw upon expertise of other services and experts as they deem necessary. They are tasked with reporting to their Area Board annually. Group activity varies across the county and we will revisit Marlborough and Westbury Area Boards to provide support and assistance. The Salisbury Group has expressed a wish to explore what is required for a Clean Air Zone and the Devizes Group continues to implement projects contained in the Devizes Transport Strategy. Actions to Improve Air Quality There is a considerable amount of activity being undertaken by Council that can influence air quality. Table 2.2a summarises the key measures contained in our action plan. As last year we have adopted a high level broad approach to ensure the document is accessible with links to relevant supporting information and other council initiatives and strategies. Local Priorities and Challenges The challenge of maintaining and improving air quality in some of s market towns is considerable. These stem from:- Requirement for new housing and essential economic development across the county. iii

6 The layout of our historic towns with narrow streets creating canyon effects that can inhibit pollutant dispersal. is a large rural county with a higher than average car ownership. Economic climate including the viability of rural public transport. The county is a popular tourist destination which attracts both national and international visitors. A36 trunk road runs through the south and west of the county, and is the main cross county route for commercial traffic between Bristol and Southampton. Most of the AQMAs have been declared on busy arterial routes (A4, A30, A36, A350, A360), through towns where residential properties front directly onto the road or are in very close proximity. The options to reduce traffic flow are very limited. An aging population susceptible to chronic conditions that increase vulnerability to poor air quality. The need for real world emission testing to ensure vehicle emissions are reduced given the economic reliance on fossil fuels. A need for a coordinated policy approach from Government departments, in particular those responsible for transport, urban planning & development control and air quality. We have responded to the recent public consultation undertaken by DEFRA in connection with the proposed action plan to reduce nitrogen dioxide and our response is available on the news page of the Air Quality website. Whilst this is broadly welcomed there is a need to recognise that following the VW scandal and the emergence of evidence showing considerable differences between laboratory based vehicle emission tests and real world emission levels that the issue needs to be tackled at source, working with the vehicle manufacturers rather than the weak undertaking to explore what role they may play. The recent announcement in the Queen s Speech for support of electric vehicles is welcomed. The challenge we face is not just for Council but requires considerable input from vehicle manufacturers, all layers of government, businesses, communities and individuals. iv

7 How to Get Involved has a dedicated website for air quality administered by both Public Health and Public Protection Services. The site is designed as a resource for consultants, students, and residents with an interest in air quality. Individuals can sign up to the Know and Respond text alerts system to receive alerts of episodes of poor air quality, download their own reports and find a range of other information on air quality. The site can be found at In the areas where AQMAs have been declared working groups have been established. These groups include members of the public. Enquiries with regard to these groups should be forwarded to the relevant area board. v

8 Table of Contents Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area... i Air Quality in... i Actions to Improve Air Quality... iii Local Priorities and Challenges... iii How to Get Involved... v 1 Local Air Quality Management Actions to Improve Air Quality Air Quality Management Areas Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in PM 2.5 Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and or Concentrations Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance Summary of Monitoring Undertaken Automatic Monitoring Sites Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Individual Pollutants Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Particulate Matter (PM10) Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Appendix A: Monitoring Results Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England Glossary of Terms References List of Tables Table 2.1 Declared Air Quality Management Areas... 2 Table 2.2 Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality... 5 Table A.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites Table A.2 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites vi

9 Table A.3 Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results Table A.4 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results Table A.5 Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results Table A.6 24-Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results Table B.1 NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results Table B.2 Summary of NO2 Diffusion Tube sites showing an exceedence of the Annual mean Air Quality Objective List of Figures Figure B.1 Adjustment of annual mean results to account for distance to receptors P16/ Figure B.2 Adjustment of annual mean results to account for distance to receptors P16/ Figure B.3 Adjustment of annual mean results to account for distance to receptors P16/ Figure B.4 -Trends in annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations measured at diffusion tube monitoring sites.. 48 vii

10 1 Local Air Quality Management This report provides an overview of air quality in during It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents. The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedence is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by Council to improve air quality and any progress that has been made. The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table E.1 in Appendix E. 1

11 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedence or likely exceedence of an air quality objective. After declaration, the local authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. A summary of AQMAs declared by Council can be found in Table 2.1. Further information related to declared or revoked AQMAs, including maps of AQMA boundaries are available online at Table 2.1 Declared Air Quality Management Areas 2.2 Progress and impact of measures to address air quality in. Council published its revised Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) for in June 2015 and is now in the process of implementing it. We have taken forward a number of measures during the current reporting year of 2016 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.2. More detail on these measures can be found in the Air Quality Action Plan for. Links are also provided to important related plans and strategies 2

12 such as the third Local Transport Plan, which is supported by detailed strategies for freight, public transport cycling and car parking. The Air Quality Action Plan for superseded previous plans for Salisbury, Bradford on Avon and Westbury and we have since reviewed the air quality strategy for and will be going out to a public consultation on it shortly. Further detail is set out in the table 2.2 below. Our priorities for the coming year remain to focus on working with the community action planning groups to develop local action plans where they have yet to be developed and implementation of plans that have been published. We will continue to work closely with other services to help them to achieve mutually beneficial goals and improved air quality. There is much being undertaken which has or will have a benefit for air quality. Home Run Devizes The School Travel adviser in association with Public Health, Public Protection and local schools is participating in a pilot of the Home Run SMART phone App, which provides a social media hub for parents wishing to car share, walk and cycle to school. The App also allows metrics to be gathered on Active and sustainable travel. The junction of A361 and London Road is being brought forward whilst land is being assembled to deliver the Shanes Castle junction improvement. Several new cycle facilities have been built in 2017, including significant towpath improvements through the town and a contra flow cycle lane. Calne Tree planting was undertaken in March 2016 Salisbury The steering group met with Highways England and supported Salisbury Reds in their bid for cleaner bus technology. The Sustainable transport Team are conducting a study into parking technology in Salisbury Bradford on Avon A new community group has taken the lead on Air Quality and we are working with them 3

13 Rail Study Work has begun on a wide rail strategy and studies into further rail improvements e.g. Salisbury Station interchange and Melksham single Track Capacity. 4

14 Table 2.2 Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality Measure No. WAQS1 WAQS5 Measure EU Category EU Classification Set up links with other LAs within the southwest. Investigate the feasibility of innovative solutions for school travel plans Lead Authority Planning Phase Implementation Phase Key Performance Indicator Target Pollution Reduction in the AQMA Progress to Date Policies from Air Quality Strategy Those measures which have been completed or superseded by the AQAP for have been removed from this table. Policy Guidance and Development Control Alternatives to private vehicle use Other policy Other BGSW group of Authorities Council ongoing active Due to commence at start of new academic year Group meetings/ contact Home Run App metrics Home Run Active Pilot schools identified & have received training from Home Run Estimated Completion Date Authority has established links with other authorities & is regularly attending the regional coordinators meeting on behalf of BGSW Comments We are contact with two authorities named in the Government s consultation regarding their experience with declaration of a CAZ in light of requests from one of our Community AQ groups We are engaged in a pilot of the Home Run App with the School Travel Adviser and Public Health 5

15 Measure No. Measure EU Category EU Classification Lead Authority Planning Phase Implementation Phase Key Performance Indicator Target Pollution Reduction in the AQMA Progress to Date Estimated Completion Date Comments WAQS6 Manage identified freight issues and improve enforcement of weight restrictions Freight and Delivery Management Route Management Plans/ Strategic routing strategy for HGV's Council & Police Completed active Number of warnings & prosecutions undertaken by Trading Standards Team. New scheme will be operated by Police Independent website for Bradford on Avon Lorrywatch Police will be taking on admin of the scheme Policies from Air Quality Action Plan for June 2015 CI01 Establish community AQAP groups under the Area Board Promoting Travel Alternatives Other Council completed active Establishment of groups Groups established ongoing Several Groups are Active some will need to be revisited. CI02 Area Boards shall report to Public Protection Services annually on progress made with community action plans and priority actions Public Information via the Internet Council complete active Delivery of annual report Contribute to reduction in NO 2 annual mean Reports received from most groups information will be updated on air quality website ongoing CI03 Provide AQ data and information to Area Boards to assist with the production of community actions and neighbourhood plans. Public Information via the Internet Council complete active provision of data annually active ongoing Public Access to Air Quality Data 6

16 Measure No. Measure EU Category EU Classification Lead Authority Planning Phase Implementation Phase Key Performance Indicator Target Pollution Reduction in the AQMA Progress to Date Estimated Completion Date Comments CIO4 Support Forum Community Area Partnerships in enabling the dissemination of good practice AQ projects Public Information via other mechanisms Council complete active Annual meeting Forum met 6 th July 2017 ongoing T01 Support the implementation of LTP3 and supporting strategies to secure improvements in AQ Transport Planning and Infrastructure Other Council Progress with implementation is published at Transport policies and plans See LTP3 Contribute to reduction of NO 2 annual mean to below objective. ongoing 2026 In additional to actions previously detailed work has begun on a wide rail strategy & studies into further rail improvemen ts e.g. Salisbury Station Interchange & Melksham Single Track Capacity. DSP01 Integrate AQ into wider polices and strategies within the council and the adoption of Core policy 55 on AQ in the Core Strategy Policy Guidance and Development Control Air Quality Planning and Policy Guidance Council WSC adopted 20 Jan adoption Core Strategy 2026 Replaces WAQS04 Engagement with Spatial planners with regard to beyond

17 Measure No. Measure EU Category EU Classification Lead Authority Planning Phase Implementation Phase Key Performance Indicator Target Pollution Reduction in the AQMA Progress to Date Estimated Completion Date Comments DSP02 Adoption of the Draft Supplementary Planning Guidance on Air Quality Policy Guidance and Development Control Air Quality Planning and Policy Guidance Council completed Document in use but now requires review & updating adoption SPD has been produced awaiting adoption with other SPDs as part of update to Core Strategy 2017 Replaces WAQS03 Draft Document Document will reviewed and updated in 2018 DSP03 Integrate Green infrastructure considerations into Council Policy and Strategy and to adopt the Council Green Infrastructure strategy to support core policy 52 of the Core Strategy Policy Guidance and Development Control Air Quality Planning and Policy Guidance Council active Contained in document Document is under development Green Infrastructur e DSP04 Incorporate Minerals and Waste matters into any revised supplementary Planning Guidance document Policy Guidance and Development Control Air Quality Planning and Policy Guidance Council Revision of SPD 2018 We will seek to amend the current draft prior to adoption in

18 Measure No. Measure EU Category EU Classification Lead Authority Planning Phase Implementation Phase Key Performance Indicator Target Pollution Reduction in the AQMA Progress to Date Estimated Completion Date Comments DSP05 Provision of funding for AQAP and related matters through S106 agreements with developers and the CIL Transport Planning and Infrastructure Other Council complete active Funding achieved Air Quality monitoring Included in Regulation 123 List 2017 Regulation 123 List Oct 2016 CIL GE01 Integrate wider climate change policies that share common goals on carbon and nitrogen dioxide reduction into Strategies and policies Policy Guidance and Development Control Other policy Council Contained in strategies active Council Climate Change strategies GE02 Exploration and identification of funding streams that have common goals of reducing greenhouse gases and nitrogen dioxide Policy Guidance and Development Control Other policy Council Funding achieved 2026 Bids submitted to DEFRA by Sustainable Transport team for support with AQ related initiatives. 9

19 Measure No. Measure EU Category EU Classification Lead Authority Planning Phase Implementation Phase Key Performance Indicator Target Pollution Reduction in the AQMA Progress to Date Estimated Completion Date Comments PH01 Develop in conjunction with Public Health a text alert system which will be targeted at people with respiratory health issues. Public Information via the Internet Council complete November 2014 Provision of service - active Know & Respond PH02 Develop in conjunction with Public Health a Standalone AQ website enabling access to the general public to real-time AQ data Public Information via the Internet Council completed November 2014 Provision of service active Air Quality website PH03 Upgrade automatic monitoring equipment to enable remote access via a website to monitoring data and expand automatic monitoring network Transport Planning and Infrastructure Other Council completed active Achievement of remote access via website active Real time & diffusion tube Air Quality data 10

20 Measure No. Measure EU Category EU Classification Lead Authority Planning Phase Implementation Phase Key Performance Indicator Target Pollution Reduction in the AQMA Progress to Date Estimated Completion Date Comments PH04 Public Protection Services will continue to be members of the Health Protection and Environment Group and contribute to the groups development and work Policy Guidance and Development Control Air Quality Planning and Policy Guidance Council complete active Contribution to groups work Group will take oversight role for implementati on of Air Quality Strategy for (draft) ongoing Multi agency group including EA, PHE & PH.. First annual report submitted to the Health & Wellbeing Board. October 2016 PH05 Public Protection will contribute to the JSNA and State of Environment Reports on AQ within the County Policy Guidance and Development Control Other policy Council active Inclusion of Air Quality JSA Community JSAs. BOA01 Bradford on Avon AQ Alliance shall produce a community AQAP Transport Planning and Infrastructure Other Council active Contribute to reduction in Annual average NO 2 below annual objective Community action plan W01 Westbury AQ group shall produce a community AQAP Transport Planning and Infrastructure Other Council active Contribute to reduction in Annual average NO 2 below annual objective Community action plan 11

21 Measure No. Measure EU Category EU Classification Lead Authority Planning Phase Implementation Phase Key Performance Indicator Target Pollution Reduction in the AQMA Progress to Date Estimated Completion Date Comments S01 Identify through partnership working with Highways England specific measures to reduce NO2 on Wilton Road (A36 Trunk road) Salisbury Traffic Management Other Highways England supported by Council Active Reduction of annual mean to below objective Contribute to reduction in Annual average NO 2 below annual objective Community action plan active 2026 Joint meeting with HE, Sustainable Transport, Strategic Planning, Public Health & Environment al Protection being Scheduled June Diffusion tube relocation at suggestion of HE. 12

22 Measure No. Measure EU Category EU Classification Lead Authority Planning Phase Implementation Phase Key Performance Indicator Target Pollution Reduction in the AQMA Progress to Date Estimated Completion Date Comments S02 Implementation of Salisbury Transport Strategy (STS) measures that provide the opportunity to improve air quality within the city Transport Planning and Infrastructure Other Council complete Bus transport: Current schemes include Blue Boar Row shared space scheme in design, Exeter Street & Harnham gyratory junctions in design, application submitted to LEP for delivery of major STS projects A study has commenced into parking technology in Salisbury. Council is funding replacement of UTC infrastructure & pedestrian enhancements on Fish Row/ High Street. See strategy Contribute to reduction in Annual average NO 2 below annual objective Summary of Salisbury Transport Strategy In addition to that reported last year, further cycle schemes are being designed subject to land negotiations & funding. A review of the STS is proposed for later in Bikeability training continues. S03 Salisbury AQ group shall produce a community AQAP Transport Planning and Infrastructure Other Council active Adoption of plan Contribute to reduction in Annual average NO 2 below annual objective Community action plan Area Board annual report 2016 M01 Marlborough AQ working group shall produce a community AQAP Transport Planning and Infrastructure Other active Adoption of plan Contribute to reduction in Annual average NO 2 below annual objective Community action plan D01 Devizes shall produce a community AQAP Transport Planning and Infrastructure Other active Adoption of plan Contribute to reduction in Annual average NO 2 below annual objective Community action plan 13

23 Measure No. Measure EU Category EU Classification Lead Authority Planning Phase Implementation Phase Key Performance Indicator Target Pollution Reduction in the AQMA Progress to Date Estimated Completion Date Comments D02 Implementation of the Devizes Transport Strategy measures that provide the opportunity to improve air quality within the town Traffic Management Strategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising road space away from cars, inc Access management, Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Council current 2026 Annual Average NO 2 Below annual objective Walking & cycling schemes implemented. Travel plan pilot schemes introduced The continued implementati on of the Devizes Transport Strategy will address key pollution hotspots in the town. 14

24 Measure No. Measure EU Category EU Classification Lead Authority Planning Phase Implementation Phase Key Performance Indicator Target Pollution Reduction in the AQMA Progress to Date Estimated Completion Date Comments D03 Implement identified key junction improvements identified within the Devizes Transport strategy. The junction of A361 and London Road is being brought forward whilst land is being assembled to deliver the Shanes Castle junction improvement. Several new cycle facilities have been built in 2017, including significant towpath improvements through the town and a contra flow cycle lane. Traffic Management Strategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising road space away from cars, inc Access management, Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Council current 2026 Annual Average NO 2 Below Annual Objective 2026 Community action plan Devizes transport Strategy C01 Calne AQ working group shall produce a Community AQAP Transport Planning and Infrastructure Other Council current Annual Average NO 2 Below Annual objective Community action plan Actions through other strategies and policies adopted by council Completed actions or superseded actions have been deleted. 15

25 Measure No. Measure EU Category EU Classification Lead Authority Planning Phase Implementation Phase Key Performance Indicator Target Pollution Reduction in the AQMA Progress to Date Estimated Completion Date Comments 5 Connecting Promoting Travel Alternatives Personalised Travel Planning Council complete active active Connecting 6 Retro-fitting of bus emission control Vehicle Fleet Efficiency Vehicle Retrofitting programmes Council complete Retro fitting undertaken Implementation of project Retro fitting has not proven possible - Support provided for resubmissio n of OLEV funding for Cleaner Buses in Salisbury January Community Tree planting project in areas poor AQ in Salisbury Transport Planning and Infrastructure Other Council/ Calne Area Board active Tree planting completed March

26 2.3 PM2.5 Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and or Concentrations As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases. Only one of the 8 AQMAs has been declared with respect to an exceedence of the annual mean objective for PM10. Council is currently working to reduce levels of PM2.5 through its action plan which embraces many of the measures detailed in Annex A of Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16. The local community working groups will be looking at the measures outlined in Annex A as part of the development of their action plans. 17

27 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken Automatic Monitoring Sites This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with objectives. Council undertook comprehensive automatic (continuous) monitoring using reference method equipment at 4 sites during 2016 Table A.1 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites. Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided on the Air Quality Website. Further details on how the monitors are calibrated and how the data has been adjusted are included in Appendix C. In addition Council monitored for PM10 using a non-reference, indicative method in Calne and Marlborough during Results from this monitoring are available on the above website. 18

28 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Council undertook non- automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 70 sites during Table A.2 in Appendix A shows details of the sites. Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) and bias adjustment for the diffusion tubes are included in Appendix C. 3.2 Individual Pollutants The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for annualisation and bias. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Real-time monitoring Table A.3 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the annual mean air quality objective of 40µg/m 3. Table A.4 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored NO2 hourly mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the 1hr mean air quality objective of 200µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year. Only one exceedance of the hourly mean objective was reported; in Devizes. The annual mean concentrations for the 3 sites with previous reporting have fallen slightly. All sites reported an annual mean below the annual mean air quality objective. Passive monitoring For diffusion tubes, the full 2016 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Table B1 in Appendix B. A summary of the sites showing an exceedance of the annual mean objective is provided in Table B2 in Appendix B. 4 sites located outside of an existing AQMA have shown an exceedance in The site located at Melksham North (P16/98) was assessed in the 2016 ASR using the procedure specified in Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16 to estimate the 19

29 concentration at the nearest receptor and the level at the site was demonstrated to drop to well below the objective. The level measured in 2016 is similar and reassessment of the site is not considered necessary. However, while the sites located at Rowden Hill, Chippenham (P16/66) and Royal Wootton Bassett North (P16/82) were also assessed in the 2016 ASR, the levels reported in this report are higher than in the 2016 ASR and both sites have been reassessed using the 2016 levels as set out in Figures B.1 and B.2. Additionally, the site located at Royal Wootton Bassett South (P16/80) is a new exceedance and it has been assessed using the above method as is presented in Figure B.3. Trend mapping 5-year trend graphs for a number of monitoring sites are provided in Appendix B Particulate Matter (PM10) Table A.5 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored PM10 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m 3. Table A.6 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored PM10 daily mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 50µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times per year. The annual mean concentrations at each site are well below the annual mean objective with an upward trend noted in Devizes, albeit based upon a very low data capture for the year. A number of problems with the equipment were experienced and it has now been replaced. One exceedance of the 24hr mean objective was noted at this location with one exceedance recorded in Salisbury and 8 in Bradford on Avon, lower than the previous year and below the permitted objective of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) The Council possesses two Osiris non reference indicative monitors. The locations and results are available on the council air quality website; 20

30 Appendix A: Monitoring Results Table A.7 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Monitoring Technique Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Inlet Height (m) AM1 Exeter St Salisbury Roadside NO2; PM10 Y Chemiluminescent; Beta attenuation Masons AM2 Lane, Bradford Roadside NO2; PM10 Y Chemiluminescent; Beta attenuation On Avon AM3 Sidmouth St Devizes Roadside NO2; PM10 Y Chemiluminescent; Beta attenuation AM4 London Road, Calne Roadside NO2 Y Chemiluminescent (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable. 21 P age

31 Table A.8 Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube collocated with a Continuous Analyser? Height (m) P16/30 74 London Rd, Salisbury Roadside NO2 Y N 2.2 P16/92 6 Castle St, Salisbury Roadside NO2 Y N 2.6 P16/37 93 Castle St, Salisbury Roadside NO2 Y N 1.3 P16/ Castle St, Salisbury Roadside NO2 Y N 2.7 P16/32 1 High Street, Salisbury Roadside NO2 Y n/a 3 N P age

32 Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube collocated with a Continuous Analyser? Height (m) P16/34 2 Minster St, Salisbury Kerbside NO2 Y N 3 P16/39 Endless St, Salisbury Roadside NO2 Y N 2.6 P16/35 16 Winchester St, Salisbury Roadside NO2 Y N 2.75 P1/ Brown St Salisbury Roadside NO2 Y 0 2 N 2.4 P16/ South Western Rd, Salisbury Roadside NO2 Y N 2.5 P16/44 17 Fisherton St, Salisbury Roadside NO2 Y 0 2 N P age

33 Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube collocated with a Continuous Analyser? Height (m) P16/48 88 Park St, Salisbury Background NO2 Y N 2.7 P16/46 17 Wilton Rd Salisbury Roadside NO2 Y N 2.7 P16/ Wilton Rd, Salisbury Roadside NO2 Y N 2.7 P16/47 31 Devizes Rd, Salisbury Roadside NO 2 Y N 2.6 P16/49 91 Exeter St, Salisbury Roadside NO 2 Y N 3 P16/90 Catherine St Roadside NO 2 Y N 2.4 P16/79 Parkview, 107 Wilton Rd, Salisbury Roadside NO 2 Y N 2 24 P age

34 Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube collocated with a Continuous Analyser? Height (m) P16/34 Churchfields Roadside NO 2 Y > N 2.75 P16/41-3 Exeter Street Co-location /Roadside NO 2 Y Y 2.0 P16/86 99 Devizes Rd, Salisbury Roadside NO 2 N N 2.65 P16/40 37 Castle Rd, Salisbury Roadside NO 2 Y N 2.5 P16/59 26 Newtown, Trowbridge Kerbside NO 2 N N 2.25 P16/82 Wicker Hill, Trowbridge Roadside NO 2 N 10 2 N 2.5 P16/84 9 Masons Lane, B-O-A Roadside NO 2 Y N P age

35 Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube collocated with a Continuous Analyser? Height (m) P16/76 12 Market St, B-O-A Kerbside NO 2 Y N 2.4 P16/68 7 Bath Rd, B-O-A Roadside NO 2 N N 2.5 P16/69 8 Mt Pleasant B-O-A Kerbside NO 2 N N 2.5 P16/1 Silver St, B-O-A Kerbside NO 2 Y N 2 P16/91-93 Masons La, B-O-A Co-location / Roadside NO 2 Y Y 2 P16/94 Skew Cot, BOA Roadside NO 2 Y N P age

36 Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube collocated with a Continuous Analyser? Height (m) P16/10 Bath Rd, Devizes Roadside NO 2 N 1 4 N 2.4 P16/14 The Nursery, Devizes Roadside NO 2 Y N 2.75 P16/13 Shanes Castle, Devizes Roadside NO 2 Y N 2 P16/12 Opposite Wadworths, Devizes Roadside NO 2 Y N 2.5 P16/16 Chantry Ct, Devizes Roadside NO 2 Y N 2.5 P16/17 Sudweeks Ct, Devizes Roadside NO 2 Y N P age

37 Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube collocated with a Continuous Analyser? Height (m) P16/15 St James Pl. Devizes Roadside NO 2 Y N 2.6 P16/21 Southgate St Devizes Roadside NO 2 Y N 2.75 P16/95-97 Sidmouth St, Devizes Co-location / Roadside NO 2 Y Y 2 P16/22 6 Herd St, Marlborough Roadside NO 2 Y N 2 P16/25 27 Herd St Marlborough Roadside NO 2 Y N 2 P16/24 High Street Marlborough Roadside NO 2 Y N 2.4 P16/26 Barn St, Marlborough Roadside NO 2 Y N P age

38 Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube collocated with a Continuous Analyser? Height (m) P16/27 Salisbury Rd Marlborough Roadside NO 2 Y N 2.4 P16/28 War memorial, Marlborough Roadside NO 2 Y N 2.5 P16/29 London Rd Marlborough Roadside NO 2 Y N 2.5 P16/4 1 Oxford Rd Calne Roadside NO 2 Y N 2.2 P16/3 18 Curzon St Calne Roadside NO 2 Y N 2 P16/8 57 Curzon St Calne Roadside NO 2 Y N 2.5 P16/5 New Rd, Calne Roadside NO 2 Y N P age

39 Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube collocated with a Continuous Analyser? Height (m) P16/6 London Rd Calne Roadside NO 2 N N 2.5 P16/7a White Hart, Calne Roadside/ colocation NO 2 Y N 2.8 P16/7b White Hart, Calne Roadside/ colocation NO 2 Y N 2.8 P16/7c White Hart, Calne Roadside/ colocation NO 2 Y N 2.8 P16/67 Methodist Ch, Calne Roadside NO 2 N 20 1 N 2.1 P16/64 Ivy Lane, Chippenham Roadside NO 2 N N 2.4 P16/98 Malmesbury Rd, Chipp. Roadside NO2 N N 2 30 P age

40 Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube collocated with a Continuous Analyser? Height (m) P16/65 Bourne House Chippenham Roadside NO 2 N N 2.25 P16/66 Rowden Hill Chippenham Roadside NO 2 N N 2.4 P16/50 71 Warminster Rd, Westbury Roadside NO 2 Y N 2.5 P16/52 76 Warminster Rd, Westbury Roadside NO 2 Y N 2.2 P16/51 Haynes Rd Westbury Roadside NO 2 Y N 2.1 P16/57 West End Westbury Roadside NO 2 N N P age

41 Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube collocated with a Continuous Analyser? Height (m) P16/56 Fore St, Westbury Roadside NO 2 N 1 2 N 2.5 P16/98 Melksham N Roadside NO 2 N 2 2 N 2.5 P16/71 Shrewton Kerbside NO 2 N 0 0 N 2.2 P16/54 Queen St Wilton Roadside NO 2 N N 2.5 P16/55 West St Wilton Roadside NO 2 N N 2.5 P16/80 Royal Wootton Bassett South Roadside NO 2 N N 2.5 P16/82 Royal Wootton Roadside NO 2 N N P age

42 Site ID Site Name Site Type X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants Monitored In AQMA? Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1) Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2) Tube collocated with a Continuous Analyser? Height (m) Bassett North P16/72 Cricklade Roadside NO 2 N N 2.5 (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable. Table A.9 Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type Valid Data Valid Data NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m 3 ) (3) Capture for Capture 2016 Monitoring Period (%) (1) (%) (2) AM1 Roadside Automatic AM2 Roadside Automatic n/a n/a n/a AM3 Roadside Automatic AM4 Roadside Automatic n/a n/a n/a n/a 31 Notes: Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m 3 are shown in bold. NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m 3, indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been annualised as per Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. 33 P age

43 Table A.10 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results Site ID Site Type Monitoring Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2016 (%) (2) NO2 1-Hour Means > 200µg/m 3 (3) AM1 Roadside Automatic AM2 Roadside Automatic n/a n/a n/a 0 0 AM3 Roadside Automatic AM4 Roadside Automatic n/a n/a n/a n/a 0 Notes: Exceedances of the NO2 1-hour mean objective (200µg/m 3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 90%, the 99.8 th percentile of 1-hour means is provided in brackets. 34 P age

44 Table A.11 Annual Mean PM10 Monitoring Results Site ID Site Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2016 (%) (2) PM10 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m 3 ) (3) AM1 Roadside AM2 Roadside n/a 28 (4) 30 (4) AM3 Roadside Notes: Exceedances of the PM10 annual mean objective of 40µg/m 3 are shown in bold. (1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) All means have been annualised as per Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16, valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. (4) Data from location used in 2013 /14 and in the vicinity of 2015 location for AM2 35 P age

45 Table A Hour Mean PM10 Monitoring Results Site ID Site Type Valid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1) Valid Data Capture 2016 (%) (2) PM10 24-Hour Means > 50µg/m 3 (3) AM1 Roadside AM2 Roadside n/a 11 (4) 14 (4) 12 8 AM3 Roadside Notes: Exceedances of the PM10 24-hour mean objective (50µg/m 3 not to be exceeded more than 35 times/year) are shown in bold. (1) data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) If the period of valid data is less than 90%, the 90.4 th percentile of 24-hour means is provided in brackets. (4) Data from location used in 2013 /14 and in the vicinity of 2015 location for AM2 36 P age

46 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2016 Table B.2 NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results Site ID NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m 3 ) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean Raw Data Bias Adjusted (1) P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P age

47 Site ID NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m 3 ) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean Raw Data Bias Adjusted (1) P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P age

48 Site ID NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m 3 ) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean Raw Data Bias Adjusted (1) P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P age

49 Site ID NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m 3 ) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean Raw Data Bias Adjusted (1) P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P age

50 Site ID NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m 3 ) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean Raw Data Bias Adjusted (1) P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P age

51 Site ID NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m 3 ) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean Raw Data Bias Adjusted (1) P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/7a P16/7b P16/7c P16/ P16/ P16/ P age

52 Site ID NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m 3 ) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean Raw Data Bias Adjusted (1) P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P16/ P age

53 Site ID NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m 3 ) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual Mean Raw Data Bias Adjusted (1) P16/ P16/ P16/ (1) Factor of 0.88 Obtained in May 2017 from See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment 44 P age

54 Table B.2 Summary of Council NO2 Diffusion Tube sites showing an exceedence of the Annual mean Air Quality Objective 2016 Site reference Location 2015 annual mean In AQMA? Distance to relevant exposure 0 P16/30 74 London Rd, Salisbury 43 Yes P16/ Castle St 41 Yes 0 P16/34 2 Minster St, 0 41 Yes Salisbury P16/ South 0 Western Rd, 47 Yes Salisbury P16/46 17 Wilton Rd, 0 58 Yes Salisbury P16/ Wilton Rd, 0 45 Yes Salisbury P16/47 31 Devizes Rd 41 Yes 1 P16/49 91 Exeter St, 2 44 Yes Salisbury P16/84 Masons Lane, 1 65 Yes BoA P16/76 12 Market St, 1 48 Yes BoA P16/68 7 Bath Rd, BoA 42 Yes 1 P16/14 The Nursery, Yes Devizes P16/13 Shanes Castle, 1 45 Yes Devizes P16/12 Opp Wadworths 44 Yes 1 P16/15 St James 1 41 Yes Place, Devizes P16/22 6 Herd St, 0 52 Yes Marlborough P16/25 27 Herd St, 0 44 Yes Marlborough P16/26 Barn St, 1 43 Yes Marlborough P16/27 Salisbury Rd, Yes Marlborough P16/29 London Road, 0 41 Yes Marlborough P16/4 1 Oxford Rd, Yes Calne P16/3 18 Curzon St, Yes Calne P16/5 New Rd, Calne 55 Yes 1.8 P16/66 Rowden Hill, No Chippenham P16/50 71 Warminster 4 49 Yes Rd, Westbury 45 P age

55 P16/51 Haynes Rd, 1 45 Yes Westbury P16/98 Melksham N 42 No 2 P16/80 RWB South 40 No 2.5 P16/82 RWB North 44 No 2 Council Figure B.1 Adjustment of annual mean results to account for distance to receptors P16/66. The DEFRA calculation tool for estimating the annual mean concentration at a receptor based upon a local monitoring result was used to check the levels at the façade of the nearest relevant exposure for the 3 sites recording an exceedence of the annual mean NO 2 level at roadside but outside of an existing AQMA. The tool is available from P16/66 Rowden Hill, Chippenham The model requires the input of the local annual mean background concentration of NO 2. The level for site P16/66 is taken from the DEFRA air quality archive, using 2016 levels based on 2013 results for grid square x391500, y The calculation confirms that the annual mean concentration at the façade of the local relevant exposure is below the air quality objective for annual mean NO P age

56 Figure B.2 Adjustment of annual mean results to account for distance to receptors P16/82. P16/82 Royal Wootton Bassett North The local annual mean background NO 2 concentration for site P16/82 is taken from the DEFRA air quality archive, using 2016 levels based on 2013 results for grid square x406500, y The calculation confirms that the annual mean concentration at the façade of the local relevant exposure has exceeded the air quality objective for annual mean NO 2. Council will expand the monitoring in the vicinity of the tube in order to gain more data in the area prior to making any decisions in respect of this site. Figure B.3 Adjustment of annual mean results to account for distance to receptors P16/80. P16/80 Royal Wootton Bassett South The local annual mean background NO 2 concentration for site P16/80 is taken from the DEFRA air quality archive, using 2016 levels based on 2013 results for grid square x406500, y P age

57 The calculation confirms that the annual mean concentration at the façade of the local relevant exposure is below the air quality objective for annual mean NO 2. Figure B.4 -Trends in annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations measured at diffusion tube monitoring sites Trend graph for annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations at South Western Road (P16/38) and Minster Street (P16/34), Salisbury Trend graph for annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations at Brown Street (P16/36) and Exeter Street (P16/49), Salisbury 48 P age

58 Trend graph for annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations at Fisherton Street (P16/44) and London Road (P16/30), Salisbury Trend graph for annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations at Castle Street (P16/37) and Winchester Street (P16/35), Salisbury 49 P age

59 Trend graph for annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations at Masons Lane (P16/84) and Silver Street (P16/1), Bradford on Avon. Trend graph for annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations at Shanes Castle (P16/13), Hillsborough (P16/10) and Chantry Court (P16/16), Devizes. 50 P age

60 Trend graph for annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations at London Road (P16/29), Herd St (P16/22) and Salisbury Road (P16/27), Marlborough. Trend graph for annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations at Haynes Road (P16/51) and 76 Warminster Road (P16/52), Westbury 51 P age

61 Trend graph for annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations at 1 Queen Street (P16/54) and 12 West Street (P16/55), Wilton. The trend in levels of nitrogen dioxide measured by diffusion tube across the county is generally upwards with a majority of sites showing a slight increase and others a slight improvement. This trend does not reflect the results from the real time monitoring which showed improvements. 52 P age

62 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors No local correction factor has been calculated for the Council co-located diffusion tubes for The National Bias Correction Factor calculated by the LAQM helpdesk for diffusion tubes analysed by Somerset County Council, 20% TEA in water was obtained when the data for this report was compiled in May/June 2017 and is PM 10 monitoring adjustment Data from Council automatic analysers is handled by Ricardo AEA which has confirmed the following: Bradford on Avon has a factor of applied to it as it has unheated inlet. Devizes and Salisbury have a factor of 1.3 applied to their data as the inlet is heated. QA/QC of automatic monitoring (Salisbury and Devizes continuous analysers) Data management and reporting is carried out mainly through the Ambient Air Quality Central Software package IDAZRW. The station is polled automatically from a PC of Environmental Services via a GSM modem. The poll occurs three times daily at 00:00 hours, 08:00 hours and 13:00 hours. The PC remains switched on constantly. Features of the software include: Automatic calibration every 73 hours Automatic redial on busy line or after communication failure Detailed logs of data requests and transmission problems Remote control of stations for zero test, test gas, measuring range and calibrations 53

63 Calculation of scaling factors and application to nearest results following each automatic calibration Marking of abnormal readings, negative readings or readings taken during instrument failure or calibration Deletion of abnormal readings Manual scaling is, therefore, not required. The auto-scaling feature means that the figures are more frequently scaled than the accepted manual scaling operation on a two-weekly basis. Data is checked manually at least weekly, more normally daily, to ensure that the software is making the correct adjustments. There should, therefore, be no requirement to manually back-correct and abnormal readings are marked. During the calibration checks a manual note is taken of span and zero and NO2 gas readings, any abnormal conditions or error readings and any actions taken. Manual calibrations are compared with auto-calibration. At 6 monthly intervals the data is compared with the nearest AURN site. Any abnormal data will be discarded unless it can be traced to a local event. The correction factors are recorded in the calibration report and any local anomalous results are investigated for example local location of a generator for roadworks. QA/QC of automatic monitoring (Bradford on Avon and Calne continuous analysers) Automatic calibration To ensure that the information obtained from the analysers is as accurate as possible and to quantify any instrument drifts a stringent QA/QC protocol is followed. The API M200A analyser is subjected to daily automatic calibration. This provides a daily check on the performance of the instrument. It should be noted that these results are not used for instrument scaling. The zero air is generated by passing ambient air through purafil charcoal scrubbers before it is passed into the reaction cell. The span gas is generated by an NO2 permeation tube containing pure liquid NO2. The permeation tube is enclosed in an 54

64 oven, which is maintained at a constant temperature. The zero air is passed across the permeation tube at a constant flow rate. Provided the flow rate and temperature are kept constant, the amount of NO2 permeating from the tube into the air stream will be constant. The gas then produced then passes into the reaction cell and a span calibration response is determined. The data is collected as 1-hour averages. The data is uploaded from the analyser via modem to the AQA-Ricardo team who check scale and publish the data on the website; Manual calibration Every two weeks manual calibration checks are carried out on the API M2000 analysers. This allows the instrument drifts to be fully qualified and documented using traceable calibration gas standards and the results are used to scale data. At the time of the instrument calibration checks, instrument pre-calibration checks are made to ensure that the condition of the analyser, before the calibration check, is assessed and any faults attended to. The fortnightly calibration procedure requires a zero check on the analyser. This is achieved by a source of zero air being provided by passing ambient air through the charcoal scrubber before it enters the reaction cell. Once stability has been achieved (this is defined as a variation of less than 0.1ppb over a one minute period for the analyser) three readings are recorded from the instrument display after three ten second intervals. Next the calibration gas bottle is opened at a pressure of 30 psi. The analyser is allowed to stabilise for a minimum of ten minutes. Three consecutive readings are taken from the instrument display, allowing ten seconds between readings. The calibration gas is then isolated. By considering the previous calibration results and the results obtained from the calibration just performed, the success of the calibration procedure is determined. The zero value should not differ by more than ± 2ppb from the previous calibration. The span calibration should not differ by more than 5% from that obtained during the 55

65 previous calibration. Additionally, the analyser sample inlet filter is changed when necessary. Six monthly checks These checks are carried out by our current contractor, Matts Monitors Limited, at the same time as they service the equipment. They ensure that the measurements from the analyser are representative and inter-comparable. The calibrations act as an independent audit of the system performance. Additionally, any site-specific problems that may have remained undetected will be fully quantified. QA/QC of diffusion tube monitoring Laboratory and preparation information Council utilises diffusion tubes prepared and analysed by Somerset County Council. The laboratory participates in the Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP) for nitrogen dioxide tubes. They analyse a solution supplied by Netcen as part of the QA/QC scheme that they run. The laboratory also participates in a field inter-comparison scheme which is controlled by Netcen and organised by the Health and Safety Laboratory. Three tubes are co-located with a continuous analyser which provides a reference value. The tubes are prepared by pipetting 30µl of solution of 20% triethanolamine in water onto the metal grids in the end of the cap, then assembling the tube components. A fresh batch of tubes is prepared each month ready to dispatch in time for the required exposure date. Laboratory blanks are retained so that at least one is run alongside each batch of samples. Travel blanks are supplied monthly as required by the UK survey procedure. Laboratory QA/QC The WASP Scheme is an independent proficiency testing scheme operated by the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL). Each month a diffusion tube doped with nitrite is distributed to each participating laboratory; participants then analyse the tube and 56

66 report the results to HSL. The nominal mass of nitrite on the doped tubes is different each month, and is intended to reflect the range encountered in actual monitoring. For the purpose of diffusion tube QA/QC in the context of Local air Quality Management, AEA Energy & Environment carry out an assessment of laboratory performance for each full calendar year. This was based on the following criteria, which were agreed with Defra and HSL: Participating laboratories must complete at least 10 of the 12 monthly WASP rounds. The year s single worst result is ignored: this makes some limited allowance for one-off problems with analytical equipment etc. Each laboratory s monthly standardised results are then combined to give a standard uncertainty for the full year, expressed as a relative standard deviation (%RSD). The RSD must be within 15%. Mean Standardised result (actual result / nominal value): Mean percentage under/over-estimation of analysis: -1.5%. Comparison with AEA performance criteria for Local Authority Support: RSD of Standardised Results, ignoring worst value: 4.0 % - this is within the performance target of 15%. It is noted that the laboratory's WASP results met AEA Energy & Environment's performance criteria in

67 Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations 58

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