COMPARISON OF WATER TURBIDITY REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES OF MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED EXTRACT AND MAGNOFLOCC (LT25) AS A COAGULANT AID WITH ALUMINUM SULPHATE

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1 Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 64 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at 6 Vol. 6 (S), pp. 9-98/Hajinoori and Hassani COMPARISON OF WATER TURBIDITY REVAL EFFICIENCIES OF RINGA OLEIFERA SEED EXTRACT AND MAGNOFLOCC (LT) AS A COAGULANT AID WITH ALUMINUM SULPHATE Seyedeh Farnaz Hajinoori and Amir Hesam Hassani Department of Chemical Engineering-Environmental Engineering Tehran, Iran Department of Environment Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran *Author for Correspondence ABSTRACT Coagulation and flocculation are essential process in water treatment plants.one of the most consumption coagulant substance is aluminum sulphate. Aluminum sulphate is used with different coagulant aid for the purpose of reform of coagulation. Magnoflocc is a synthetic coagulant aid that is currently used in water treatment plants of Iran. Also Moringa oleifera seed extract is known as a natural coagulantaid in the world. So, the purpose of this study is comparison of water turbidity removal efficiencies of Moringa oleifera seed extract and Magnoflocc with aluminum sulphate. For the purposes of this study, lab experiments were performed by using raw water Jalaliye water treatment plant containing synthetic clay. The assay was fulfilled at three turbidity level of 6, and NTU by jartest set and effect of both coagulant aid on turbidity and was examined. The optimum concentration of Aluminum sulphate (Alum) for 6, and NTU was achieved, and at optimum 7., 7. and 8 respectively. It found that moringa oleifera seed extract was capable removing 8%, 97.6% and 99.4% e experiment at optimum concentration levels of,. and respectively. Magnoflocc (LT) removed 8%, 97% and 99% of turbidity at optimum concentration of.,. and. respectively. The results indicate that both coagulant aid have little effect on PH level and and Moringa oleifera enjoys higher removal efficiency for higher turbidity levels. Keywords:, Moringa oleifera, Magnoflocc (LT), Alum and Coagulation INTRODUCTION About one billion people lake access to improved water supply. More than 6 million people (about millions child) are dying because of diarrhea resulting polluted water (Kebreab, 4). Colloidal and abeyant particles in water caused to invention color, smell and disagreeable tastes coagulation and flocculation are used for removal particles. Metal compounds such as aluminum or some electrolytes are used For elimination colloid materials of water (Amiri, ; Magahi et al., ). The history of coagulant materials in water filtration are too long for removal turbidity and turn back usage Egyptians of Alum in before B.C. after years in 767, common people are used these materials for clearing muddy water (Parizanganeh et al., ). During coagulation process is used different coagulant and coagulant aid materials. Coagulant materials are used for particles instability and cling together, in case the purpose of addition coagulant aid is increased to density of glued particle and help to sediment them quickly (Alipoor & Bazrafshan, ). Poly electrolytes which have polymeric and electrolyte qualities can enlarge the size of floccs. Important advantage of poly electrolytes was referred to reduce the consumption of coagulant (Amiri, ). There are different types of poly electrolytes as coagulant aid that through them can point to the Magnoflocc and Moringa oleifera. Historical record of using from different parts of plant materials including shell, root, stem and seed for clearing water related in India, people were used the seeds of nirmali tree to clear the water of river (Scholes & Akan, ). Moring oleifera is known as a natural coagulant and coagulant aid and it is a tropical tree of meringues family including 4 types (Anselme & Narasish, 998; Katayon et al., 6; Bhatia et al., 7). This tree locally called oil gaz in Iran (Mozafariyan, 996; Jahn, 988). Copyright 6 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 9

2 Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 64 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at 6 Vol. 6 (S), pp. 9-98/Hajinoori and Hassani Moringa oleifera is non toxic and natural organic polymer. Its raw extract is used to clear the water in home consumptions in many areas of world (Diaz et al., 99; Magahi et al., ). Although usage of its raw extract in high turbidity is more suitable but for low turbidity is used as a coagulant aid. Magnoflocc (LT) is a synthetic anionic polymer that is used in developing countries. Poly acrylic amid LT is an anionic polymer that was used in this study. In attention to only much expenditure for buying and side changes on safety in using of chemical materials in water treatment process in developing countries. The use of natural coagulant aid can reduce the expenditures effectively but nowadays it is used as a coagulant aid less. The use of natural materials as a coagulant aid make economy in less expenditure and improvement of health discussion (Okuda et al., 999; Miquel and Wendy, ). So in this study, the effect of Alum as a coagulant were examined in combining with Magnoflocc and Moringa oleifera as a coagulant aid on turbidity of water and PH. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study in laboratory measure and with jar test set were performed in water chemistry laboratory at health Faculty of Tehran University in. The needful water samples were daily supplied form jalaliye water treatment plant. Aluminum sulphate and Magnofloccare supplied by agency of Germany polymenanet company and one variety of Moringa oleifera tree called Moringaprogeria is provided form agriculture organization of Bushehr province. Supplying Needful Synthetic : gram of clay into lit of water was solved and suspension about one hour agitated slowly. This suspension was preserved immovability about four hours to sediment enlarge particles. Then outer solution was applied as aastock to supply water with turbidity 6, and NTU. Supply Aluminum Sulphate (Alum) Solution: Alum % solution was supplied by solving sulphate gram aluminum sulphate (AL SO 4.8H O) into ml distilled water. Preparing of Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract: The fruit of moringa oleifera tree has - cm length and each fruit has spheroid seed with -4gr weight on the average. For extraction of Moringa oleifera seed extract, First, the grain shell is separated and then its seed is pestled and. gr of seed powder is mixed in ml sodium colorid solution M and suspension was agitated with electronic mixture about min for extraction of essence and then the suspension is passed through whatman No.4 filter paper. Determination Optimum Concentration of Coagulant and Coagulant Aid: First, each lab glass of jartest set is filled of made sample water with specified turbidity and on sample performed below experiments:. Determination value of PH and elementary turbidity of sample.. Determination of optimum PH.. Jar experiment on raw water sample performed to determine the optimum concentration of coagulant (Alum) and Alum concentration at,,,,, 4 and mg/lit was injected to samples in specified turbidities. 4. Each coagulant aid in different concentrations between- mg/lit were injected separately injartest set and determined the optimum concentration of each coagulant aid and examined their function on turbidity and PH. According to recommendation of WHO, the injection amount of Magnoflocc (LT) mustn t more than.mg/lit for treatment process. -one sample of seed extract was kept about days, days and days in refrigerator. Their functions were examined on samples in NTU and : 7. and results are following in figure. Jar experiment was examined with Hexahedral set Et7 model made by Loiband Company. Copyright 6 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 9

3 final turbidity Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 64 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at 6 Vol. 6 (S), pp. 9-98/Hajinoori and Hassani Rapid and slow mixing were considered rpm for minute and rpm for minute respectively and the quiescent time for minute. The turbidity meter HACH AN was used for determination of sample turbidity and the PH meter set was used for measuring of PH scale. Specific turbidities were supplied by addition clay to the raw water and the PH of samples was adjusted by usage Hydrochloricacid (HCL) and Sodium hydroxide (NaoH) N. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results In this research the area of turbidity 6, and NTU in water was examined and performances of magnoflocc and Moringa oleifera seed extract were compared. Optimum PH of Alum in specific turbidities 7., 7. and 8 were used respectively and residual turbidity is achieved between -4 (figure ) NTU NTU NTU Figure : Determine Optimum Under optimal conditions, different concentrations of Alum were used for determine the optimum concentration and Alum concentrations was achieved, and mg/lit in turbidities 6, and NTU respectively. In attention to sedimentation velocity of particles, made larger fluke and economic profit Alum concentration was used, and respectively. The residual turbidity in these concentrations was achieved between -4 NTU. Also the results are demonstrated in figure. turbidity 6 NTU turbidity NTU turbidity NTU 4 6 alum concentration)mg/l) Figure : Determine the Optimum Alum Concentration in Initial Turbiditu of NTU.6,, Copyright 6 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 9

4 Turbiditu Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 64 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at 6 Vol. 6 (S), pp. 9-98/Hajinoori and Hassani In 6 NTU: In this turbidity the optimum concentration of Alum is mg/lit and its optimum is 7.. According to figure, mg/lit of Moringa oleifera seed extract is able to removal turbidity 8% of turbidity and the final turbidity is reduced to.8 NTU. Also, the optimum concentration of magnoflocc is. mg/lit and removal 8.% of turbidity and the final turbidity is reduced to NTU (figure 4). In Table the comparisons of coagulant aids on PH is shown and according to results both coagulant aid have little effect on PH. The effect of Moringa oleifera seed extract on PH is more than magnoflocc but this difference is negligible. Table : Effect of Different Concentrations of Alum, Moringa oleifera and magnoflocc on in Initial 6NTU and Optimum : 7. Alum Concentr ation Effect of Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract in Optimum Alum Concentration Effect of Magnoflocc in Optimum Alum Concentration 7.4 Concentr ation Magnoflocc Concentration moringa oleifera concentration Figure : Effect of Moringa Oleifera on Turbiditu in Initial : 6 and : 7. Copyright 6 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 9

5 Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 64 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at 6 Vol. 6 (S), pp. 9-98/Hajinoori and Hassani.. magno flocc magno flocc concentration Figure 4: Effect of Magno Flooc on in Initial : 6 and : 7. In NTU : The optimum concentration of Alum in turbidity NTU is mg/lit and the optimum PH is 7. and according to figure, the optimum concentration of Moringa oleifera is mg/lit. In this concentration Moringa oleifera seed extract is able to removal 96% of turbidity and turbidity is reduced to. NTU. Also the optimum dose of magnoflocc in this turbidity is. mg/l, that it is able to removal turbidity 97.4% and turbidity is reduced to. NTU (figure 6). The comparison of coagulant aids effect on PH is demonstrated in Table moringa oleifera concentration Figure : Effect of Moringa Oleifera Concentration on in Initial NTU and :7. mo. magno flocc magno flocc concentratian Figure 6: Effect of Magno Flocc Concentration on in Initial and :7. Copyright 6 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 94

6 Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 64 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at 6 Vol. 6 (S), pp. 9-98/Hajinoori and Hassani Table : Effect of Different Concentrations of Alum, Moringa oleifera and Magnofloccon in Initial NTU and Optimum : 7. Alum Concentrat ion Effect of Moringa oleifera Seed Extract in Optimum Alum Concentration Effect of Magnoflocc in Optimum Alum Concentration 7. Concentration Magnoflocc Concentrati on Turbidit y In NTU: The optimum dose of Alum in this turbidity is mg/l and the optimum is 8. So according to figure, the optimum dose of Moringa oleifera seed extract in combination with Alum is. mg/lit and the removal turbidity efficiency is 99.4% and turbidity from NTU is reached to.6 NTU. Also, the optimum dose of magnoflocc in combination with Alum in this turbidity is. mg/lit and the percentage of turbidity removal is obtained 99%and turbidity is reduced to.6 NTU. In Table, comparison of coagulant aid effects on PH is demonstrated. Table : Effect of Different Concentrations of Alum, Moringa Oleifera and Magnoflocc on in Initial NTU and Optimum : 8 Alum Concentrat ion Effect of Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract in Optimum Alum Concentration Effect of Magnoflocc in Optimum Alum Concentration 7.4 Concentr ation Magnoflocc Concentratio n Turbidit y Copyright 6 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 9

7 Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 64 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at 6 Vol. 6 (S), pp. 9-98/Hajinoori and Hassani moringa oleifera concentration Figure 7: Effect of Moringa Oleifera on in Initial NTU and : magno flocc concentratiob magno flooc Figure 8: Effect of Magno Flocc Concentration on in Initial : NTU and :8 Figure 9 is demonstrated the effect of retention time on efficiency of Moringa oleifera, the extraction efficiency decreased with increasing storage time. Its best efficiency time in turbidity NTU and 7. is immediately after its providing and the extract efficiency is achieved 9% in the optimum dose mg/lit. is reduced to.6 NTU in two days of retention time, removal turbidity efficiency is 87% and turbidity from NTU is reduced to NTU. In days of retention time in same turbidity removal efficiency is 8% and reduced turbidity from NTU to NTU. In days retention time turbidity reduced to NTU and removal turbidity efficiency is 76%. Copyright 6 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 96

8 final turbidity Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 64 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at 6 Vol. 6 (S), pp. 9-98/Hajinoori and Hassani 6 4 immidiately after exteraction days days days 4 moringa oleifera concentration Figure 9: Effect of Hold Time on Moringa Oleifera Extract Efficiency Discussion and Conclusions According to experiments the following results were obtained: -It is important to know the optimum in coagulation process and Alum efficiency is strongly influenced by it. This subject is one of important limitations of alum efficiency as coagulant in water treatment process. - Magnoflocc as a synthetic anionic polyelectrolyte in all turbidities relation to morning oleifera seed extract has better efficiency and operates in low turbidity well but this coagulant aid in high dose produce amid poly acrylic monomania that it is carcinogen. -Moringa oleifera seed extract is nontoxic and it has medicinal value so it can use in high dose. This extract has much efficiency in high turbidities. 4- Magnoflocc and Moringa oleifera seed extract have similar efficiency in turbidity 6 NTU. -Most remarkable is that: The usage of magnoflocc in high turbidities due to making viscous and large clots and blockage sludge drain valves is not useable in treatment plants also produce harmful byproducts such as poly acrylamide monomeric that it is carcinogenic. Therefore, its usage requires high precision. 6-Increased moringa oleifera seed extract retention time is reduced performance. 7-The results show Alum makes reduce PH and each coagulant aid has low effect on PH but the effect of magnoflocc on is negligible. REFERENCES Alipoor V & Bazrafshan E (). Water Treatment, (Chapter 6) ( st edition), (Daneshnama Publication Tehran, Iran). Amiri MC (). Principles of Water Treatment, 8th edition, Arkan Publication, Isfahan. Anselme N & Narasish KS (998). Quality of water treated by coagulation using Moringa oleifera seeds. Journal of Water Research () Bhatia S, Othman Z & Ahmad AL (7). Pretreatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) using Moringa oleifera seeds as natural coagulant. Journal of Hazardous Materials 4(-) -6. Diaz A, Rincon N, Escorichuela A & Fernandez N (99). A preliminary evaluation of turbidity removal by natural coagulants indigenous to Venezuela. Journal of Process Biochemistery 9-9. Jahn SAA (988). Using Moringa seeds as coagulants in tropical developing countries. Journal of American Water Works Association 8(6) 4-. Copyright 6 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 97

9 Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences ISSN: 64 (Online) An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at 6 Vol. 6 (S), pp. 9-98/Hajinoori and Hassani Katayon S, Noor MJ, Asma M, Ghani LA, Thamer AM et al., (6). Effects of storage conditions of Moringa oleifera seeds on its performance in coagulation. Journal of Bioresource Technology 97() Kebreab AG (4). Moringa seed and pumics as alternative naturals materials for drinking water treatment, KTH land water Resources Engineering University, TRITA LWR PhD Thesis. Magahi UF, Sahabi DM, Abubakr MK and Muhammad AB (). Biocoagulatin activity of Moringa oleifera seeds for water treatment. Journal of Engineering and Science 9-8. Miquel L and Wendy B (). Anti-cyanobacterial activity of Moringa oleifera seeds. Journal of Applied Phycology (4) -. Mozafariyan V (996). Names of Herbs. (st edition) Tehran, Iran. Okuda T, Bass AU, Nishijima W & Okada M (999). Improvement of extraction method of coagulation active components from Moringa oleifera seed. Journal of Water Research () Parizanganeh A, Abedini Y & Ghadimi Y (). Effect of environmental factors on pollution reduction and increase of auto purification of Abharrood river in zanjan state. 6 th International Congress on Environmental Health, Mazandaran, Iran. Scholes Ch & Akan D (). Surface Water Treatment in Developing Countries, (Chapture 8), (st edition), Iran, Tehran. Copyright 6 Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 98