Energy efficiency of buildings from Europe to Slovakia

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2 Energy efficiency of buildings from Europe to Slovakia Prof. Dušan Petráš, PhD. Slovak University of Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering Department of Building Services mail.:

3 Final energy consumption by sector Source:

4 Individual energy consumption Source:

5 EU Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings Objective: To promote the improvement of the energy performance of buildings through cost effective measures (new and existing buildings) The Directive require the following to be introduced: Methodology for calculating the energy performance of buildings (EN ISO 13790); Application of performance standards for new and existing buildings; Certification schemes for buildings; Regular inspection and assessment of boilers, heating systems and air conditioning systems To prepare Certificate and identify Cost effective measures Energy Auditing (Directive 2006/32 EC, EN 15217)

6 Energy Performance and Energy Requirements Energy Performance: overall indicator EP = weighted sum of net delivered energy per energy carrier (per m 2 conditioned area). EP may represent: Primary energy; CO 2 emissions; Net delivered energy weighted by any other nationally defined parameters EP may be completed by other indications, defined by national bodies. Energy Requirements: minimum level of EP to be achieved. To ways of expressing the energy requirements EP r : 1. Overall EP requirement 2. Specific requirements: Energy use for heating, ventilation, DHW, cooling and lighting Energy need for heating, ventilation, DHW, cooling Characteristics of the building itself or its technical building systems considered as a whole Characteristics of the building itself or its technical building systems components New buildings and major renovations: one overall EP requirement shall be included

7 Energy Auditing of Buildings Building geometry Standard Climate Climate Actual Standard Use Use Actual Actual/standard Tech. systems Tech. systems Actual EE Measures Investment Net savings PB [euro] [euro/yr] [year] 1. Energy efficient showers ,9 2. Automatic control system ,6 3. O&M / EM ,0 4. Heat recovery, ventilation ,5 5. Thermostatic radiator valv ,4 6. Insulation of pipes, valves ,8 7. Insulation of roof ,4 Profitable measures ,0

8 Software for Auditing/Certification Delivered energy per energy carrier 13790: 2008 Energy use for heating & cooling Energy need Monthly method Internal heat sources. Ventilation and transmission heat transfer Specified indoor conditions Building zone Recoverable thermal losses Non-recoverable thermal losses + auxiliary energy Energy need for heating and cooling Energy use for hot water, ventilation, lighting,... Lighting systems (EN ) Ventilation systems (EN 15241) Hot water systems (EN ) Room conditioning systems (EN 15243) Heating systems (EN , 2-3 and 3-1) Transmission properties (ISO 13789) Air flow/infiltration (EN 15242) Solar properties Building data (EN 15603) Indoor criteria, automation and controls (EN 15251, EN 15232) External climate data (ISO )

9 Software results existing situation Budget item Existing situation Global indicator [kwh/m² a] [kwh/m² a] Heating 94,3 95,4 Ventilation 11,4 11,8 Domestic hot water 14,5 14,6 Fans (ventilation) 9,4 9,4 Pumps, heating 1,1 Incl. in heating Pumps, ventilation 0,4 Incl. in ventilation Pumps, DHW 0,1 Incl. in DHW Pumps, cooling 0 - Lighting 30,1 30,1 Various 8,8 - Cooling 0 - Total 170,1 161,3 Global indicator - heating

10 Primary energy and CO 2 emissions

11 Results after EE measures Budget item After measures Global indicator [kwh/m² a] [kwh/m² a] Heating 33,5 34,6 Ventilation 8,8 9,2 Domestic hot water 12,9 13,0 Fans (ventilation) 9,4 9,4 Pumps, heating 1,1 Incl. in heating Pumps, ventilation 0,4 Incl. in ventilation Global indicator - heating Pumps, DHW 0,1 Incl. in DHW Pumps, cooling 0 - Lighting 15,0 15,0 Various 8,8 - Cooling 0 - Total 90,0 81,2

12 Energy conservation? ENergy CONservation (ENCON) : is saving energy with an economic and environmental profit!

13 Energy Conservation Project Objectives : Evaluation of the ENCON potential Implementation in order to achieve profitable energy savings Achievement of calculated energy saving potential and keeping it permanently on the right level

14 The ENCON Process Project Identification Scanning ENCON Potential USD, kwh/year Profit Simplified Auditing Detailed Auditing with guarantee Business Planning Project Management Implementation Training Maintenance Operation Energy Monitoring

15 What is influencing the Energy Conservation Potential? HVAC systems Building envelope Electrical systems Operation / user pattern

16 EAS v1.0 Quick and easy handling application based on European standard The database contains: 42 apartment buildings (most built) 8 typical single family houses Countable in two climatic zones (-12 C and -18 C) Structure of EAS v1.0: 1. Photo documentation 2. Drawing documentation 3. Building description 4. Energy economy calculation 5. Grafical presentation 6. What is an energy audit...

17 1. Photo documentation EAS v1.0 - structure View on the selected type of building Identification of the building 2. Drawing documentation Technical recods (ground-plan, typical floor,...) Necessary dimensions (calculation of heated areas,...) Description of BE, HS, HW

18 EAS v1.0 - structure 3. Energy economy calculation Calculations of: Energy savings Investments Profitability Calculate measures individually (depends on the customer) Three basic domains of energy measures: Building Envelope Heating System Hot Water

19 HW HS BE Three basic domains of energy measures Prof. Application of measurement Energy saving measures Insulation of external walls Building Env elope Insulation of f loor or insulation of unheated basement Insulation of roof New windows Table 1 Energy saving measurements of Building Envelope Prof. Application of measurement Energy saving measures Automatic control sy stem and temperature set back f or HS Insulation of pipes, v alv es,... on the HS Heating Sy stem Reconstruction of boiler room (new boiler, accessories,...) Balancing of the HS and installation of thermostatic v alv es Table 2 Energy saving measurements of Heating System Prof. Application of measurement Energy saving measures Water sav ing shower heads Hot Water Thermostatic mixer, showers New automatic control sy stem on the HW Insulation of pipes, v alv es,... on the HW Table 3 Energy saving measurements of Hot Water

20 Energy potencial Profession Measurements Percentage of energy saving possibilities BE Building Env elope % HS Heating Sy stem % HW Hot Water 5-10 % Input values: Table 4 Energy potential for individual energy saving measures* Investment Cost of GJ heat or m3 of natural gas Calculation of the whole building vs. just one flat Investments for the profitability calculations are running behind and they contains from costs of: Cost of supply Design work Installation Test (running, pressure, ) Taxes (VAT)

21 4. Graphical presentation Energy savings: Building Envelope (blue) Heating System (green) Hot Water (red) Energy consumption before / after Contribution percentage of each profession

22 Energy Efficient Environmentally friendly HOUSING From old to new building Process Refurbishment

23 Panel buildings are dominant type of residential buildings Do not comply with current requirements on thermal protection and energy efficiency High energy consumption, poor insulation, leaky constructions (envelope, roof) thermal discomfort CASE STUDY in SLOVAKIA Energy performance of buildings - HEATING 110 ~ 140 kwh / m 2 ( E F ) 40 ~ 80 kwh / m 2 (B C )

24 Objective of the case study To clarify the relationship between energy consumption, energy efficiency measures and the indoor environment To study occupant s behavior and habits To show results at three time points: A) Before renovation B) After renovation with no-balanced heating system C) After complex renovation

25 Prefabricate building built in 1987 Description- general 9.NP : 1.NP common premises, storage space NP residential 32 apartments The Facade Windows, doors

26 Heating system and DHW Description- building services Heat sources- Heat exchange station Distribution - Instalation space - Instalation shafts

27 Energy efficient measures Insulation of the facade New windows, doors Insulation of the roof Hydraulic balance of the heating system Installation of saving shower heads

28 Energy consumption of heating system Table: Comparison of energy consumption in each year Year Energy consumption* Energy consumption* real measured values values from simulation program [kwh] 23 % [kwh] % YEAR 2007 YEAR 2008 YEAR 2009 Original conditions Insulation of the facade New window, doors Insulation of the roof Hydraulic balance of the heating system Before renovation : After renovation with no-balanced heating system : 106 kwh/m 2 72 kwh/m 2 After complex renovation: 35 kwh/m 2 D C B

29 Energy certification Heating system BEFORE: 106 AFTER: 35 E Domestic Hot Water system BEFORE : 41 AFTER: 30 D B C GLOBAL INDICATOR BEFORE : 147 AFTER: 65 D B

30 EPBD recast Nearly zero energy buildings (nzeb) In the directive nearly zero-energy building means a building that has a very high energy performance. The nearly zero or very low amount of energy required should be covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced onsite or nearby. nzeb= very high energy performance + on-site renewables Definition of a very high energy performance and significant extent of renewables let for Member States Source:Kurnitsky et al., 2011

31 Zero energy buildings Towards nzeb: Roadmap of some countries towards nearly zero energy buildings to improve energy performance of new buildings Many countries have prepared long term roadmaps with detailed targets Helps industry to prepare/commit to the targets Source:Kurnitsky et al., 2011

32 How to integrate nzeb into energy certificate scale? nzeb as technically reasonable achievable cost optimal for new buildings, category B or C req. for new buildings (typically not cost optimal yet) Revision of certificates scales needed: Cost optimal requirements for new buildings cannot be any more in D category, as calculated for 30 years period with 3% interest rate Existing A may be split(a+, A++) or changed Source:Kurnitsky et al., 2011

33 Cost optimal performance levels vs. nzeb Source: The Buildings Performance Institute Europe (BPIE):

34 Contact: THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION!