Geologic CO 2 Sequestration. Carbon Sequestration Meeting Open House July 18, 2007, Johannesburg-Lewiston Area School, Otsego County, Michigan

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1 MRCSP- Michigan Basin Geologic CO 2 Sequestration Field Test Carbon Sequestration Meeting Open House July 18, 2007, Johannesburg-Lewiston Area School, Otsego County, Michigan

2 Meeting Overview Schedule Welcome Background Project Overview Questions and Discussions Stations Partnership Program Geology Hydrogeology and Monitoring Carbon Sequestration Videos Question and Answer Session During Presentations After Presentations

3 Presentation Objectives General Background Geologic Sequestration Project Planning Site Characterization Permitting Injection and monitoring

4 Project Team Experience and Knowledge Other Key Project Partners: US EPA Michigan DNR Michigan Tech Stanford University Schlumberger Oil Field Services U.S. Department of Energy/NETL Numerous local vendors and suppliers

5 Background Greenhouse Effect The rise in climate temperature that the Earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere trap energy from the sun. First suggested in 1807 (de Fourier) Proven in 1896 (Arrhenius)

6 Background Manmade Sources of CO 2 The MRCSP Region: The Nation s s Engine Room* One in six Americans 1/6 of U.S. Economy 1/5 of U.S. Electricity Generated ¾From Coal *Statistics do not include those of New York State ~300 Large Point Sources (>100,000 tonnes/year) ~800 Million tonnes CO 2 /year Carbon dioxide emissions from the production and consumption of fossil fuels are the largest contributor to man-made emissions of greenhouse gases.

7 Stabilization of CO 2 concentrations means fundamental change to the global energy system No Technological Improvement Source: Joint Global Change Research Institute 1990 Technology Business As Usual Technology Enabling Stabilization BAU GAP 1300 GtC Stabilization GAP 480 GtC (~2000 GT over budget) Solar/Wind Nuclear Efficient Fossil Electric Advanced Transportation End Use Efficiency Business As Usual ( Innovation as Usual ) (~500 GT over budget) Path we need to be on to stabilize carbon at 550ppm (Carbon Budget = ~1043 Gigatons)

8 Overview of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) Courtesy of CO2CRC

9 Sedimentary Rocks A Microscopic View Permeability much less than 0.01 md Shale with Extremely Low Permeability Forms Good Caprock Pore Sandstone with Medium Permeability Forms Good Host Reservoir Medium Cost Permeability md Sandstone with High Permeability Forms Excellent Host Reservoir at Low Cost Pore Permeability 100 1,000 md

10 Ground-Water Flow Regimes CO 2 Local Flow Cells Intermediate Flow Cells Regional Flow Cells Source: Scott Bair, Ohio State University (after Toth, 1963)

11 Monitoring Injected CO 2 Multiple Approaches for Protecting Human Health and the Environment Injection/Capture System Operational Safety Leakage Injected CO2

12 MRCSP Geologic Field Tests

13 Site Description- Otsego County Test Site The location is at Core Energy gas fields in the vicinity of a DTE gas processing plant outside of Gaylord, Michigan

14 Michigan Basin- Otsego County Test Site Charlton 30/31 field, S. Dover/N. Chester Township, Otsego County, Michigan

15 Site Diagram

16 CO 2 Source CO 2 available from DTE Turtle Lake gas processing plant Antrim Shale gas contains 5-30% CO 2 and is removed in a chemical separation process Relatively pure CO 2 (99%) stream CO 2 dried and compressed at Core Energy Chester 10 facility CO 2 periodically used for EOR floods in Niagaran Reef oil fields

17 Test Well Drilling Test well drilled October 30 November 22

18 Wireline Logging Elemental Capture Spectroscopy Platform Express LithoDensity/Caliper Compensated Neutron/GR Dipole Sonic Imager Compressional/Shear Stonely/Cross-Dipole Resistivity Log Array laterolog Formation Microimager Dual Caliper

19 Core Tests 180 ft of full 3-inch core 25 rotary sidewall core plugs.

20 Core Tests 3000 Permeability (md) Porosity (md) Amherstburg Depth (ft) 3300 Bois Blanc 3300 Depth (ft) Bass Islands Dolomite 3500 Bass Islands Evaporite E Permeability (md) Porosity

21 Core Examination- Injection Target

22 Geology Prognosis Sedimentary rocks ~9,500 ft deep and overlie Precambrian bedrock. Primary targets Bass Islands Dolomite-Bois Blanc. Containment layers: Amherstburg-Lucas formations

23 Permitting Track State-Charlton 4-30 well and monitoring well drilled on Oil and Gas Well permit with Michigan DEQ. UIC Class V injection permit under Region 5 EPA UIC program -Draft permit issued July 11, 2007

24 Permitting- Area of Review

25 Underground Sources of Drinking Water Glacial drift is deepest underground source of drinking water Glacial drift 665 deep in State-Charlton 4-30 well. No water wells within ¼-mile. Wells generally less than 250 ft deep. Water in the bedrock formations is too salty to drink (saltier than sea water)

26 Injection Test Design and Objectives The overall plan for the Otsego County site is to inject approximately 10,000 tons of CO 2 over the course of four to six weeks. This is a relatively small amount of CO 2, but it will allow us to test innovative monitoring methods such as crosswell seismic.

27 Injection Fluid 99.91% CO 2 Trace CH4, C2, C3 Supercritical DRAFT

28 Preliminary Well Design Bridge plug in Bass Is. Evap. Perforated Nickle-plated packer. 2 7/8-inch injection tubing. Dense brine interannulus fluid. Retreivable Packer (Nickel Plated) 10 Sx Sand ± 3450 Ft. Charlton 30/31 Field State Charlton #4-30 Permit No Otsego County S30 T31N R1W Injection Test Configuration 16" Driven - 72 Ft. 11 3/4" 47# - 804Ft Sx to Surf. 2 7/8" J-55 Seamless Tbg 5 1/2" Liner ± 3538 Ft. 5 1/2" 3600 Ft. 8 5/8" 32# Seamless J ' Sx DRAFT 5-1/2" 2250' 15.5# Seamless J Sx Perfs 5482' ' 7 7/8" hole TD 5800'

29 Plugging and Closeout Plan Squeeze job across injection interval. Recomplete for EOR in Niagaran reef. Cut & cap 8 5/8" and 11 3/4" w/1/2" steel plate 20 sx Charlton 30/31 Field State Charlton #4-30 Permit No Otsego County S30 T31N R1W 16" Driven - 72 Ft. 100 sx cmt plug 11 3/4" 47# - 804Ft Sx to Surf. 176' fillup 8 5/8" cement retainer w/100 sx cmt below and 50 sx cement on top Wellbore After Plugging 5 1/2" Liner ± 3538 Ft. 8 5/8" 32# Seamless J ' /2" 2250' 15.5# Seamless J Sx 5 1/2:" cement retainer w/50 sx cmt below and 50 sx on top Perfs 5462'-5486' 7 7/8" hole TD 5800'