Henderson Watershed WRIA 13. Chapter Includes: Hicks Lake Long Lake Pattison Lake Tanglewilde Stormwater Outfall Woodard Creek Woodland Creek

Transcription

1 Henderson Watershed WRIA 13 Chapter Includes: Hicks Lake Long Lake Pattison Lake Tanglewilde Stormwater Outfall Woodard Creek Woodland Creek

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3 Hicks Lake 28 PART OF HENDERSON INLET WATERSHED SHORELINE LENGTH: 2.4 miles LAKE SIZE: 16 acres BASIN SIZE: 1.8 square miles MEAN DEPTH: 18 feet MAXIMUM DEPTH: 35 feet VOLUME: 2,7 acre-feet PRIMARY LAND USES: The watershed is primarily urban and suburban residential with a small percentage in undeveloped forest cover. PRIMARY LAKE USES: Fishing, boating, water skiing, swimming, and other water recreation. PUBLIC ACCESS: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife public boat launch; City of Lacey public park. GENERAL TOPOAPHY: The approximate altitude of the lake is 162 feet. Hicks Lake is first in a series of four lakes, which ultimately discharges to Henderson Inlet through Woodland Creek. The watershed is relatively flat with extensive wetlands between the lakes. There is an extensive wetland to the south of Hicks Lake. GENERAL WATER QUALITY: (Excellent, Good, Fair, and Poor) Good The water quality is generally good and supports the beneficial uses of the lake. The phosphorus concentration is below state standards. 215

4 Hicks Lake OTHER AVAILABLE DATA: Washington Department of Ecology, Environmental Assessment Program (36) (water quality data). Thurston County Resource Stewardship Department, Water Resources Program (36) or Thurston County Environmental Health Division, (36) or html GENERAL DISCUSSION: Hicks Lake is the first lake in a chain of four lakes (Hicks, Pattison, Long, and Lois Lakes) which eventually discharge to Henderson Inlet via Woodland Creek. Hicks Lake is a relatively small lake which is used for fishing, boating, and swimming. The City of Lacey has a public park on the west side of the lake, which is relatively undeveloped at this time. Field Parameters The monthly temperature, dissolved oxygen, ph, and conductivity data is displayed in graphs on page 22. Thermal stratification is when there are two distinct layers of water in the lake, the upper layer being warmer than the lower layer. The lake was thermally stratified from May through October in 28. This means that the lake developed a warm surface layer as solar radiation warmed the upper water, but the bottom water stayed cool. The surface water reached a high of 24.7 degrees Celsius in July, but the bottom layer of water (hypolimnion) remained much colder, at 9.5 degrees. The lower layer of colder water, generally below 4 to 5 meters, was very low in oxygen throughout the summer. This anoxic condition results in a slow release of phosphorus from the sediment into the water near the bottom. This can be seen in the higher concentrations of phosphorus in the bottom samples (see data reported on page 221). The release of nutrients from the sediments often stimulates algae productivity in the lake, especially in fall when the lower and upper waters in the lake mix. Secchi Disk Water Clarity Water clarity in a lake is measured with a device called a secchi disk. In 28, the average water clarity or secchi disk depth was 1.8 meters (or 6 feet) with a range from 1.2 meters in October to 2.7 meters in July (or 3.9 to 8.8 feet). Overall the water clarity in 28 was good during the first half of the summer and less clear in late summer and fall. A graph showing the average summer secchi disk readings since 1995 is shown on the next page. 216

5 Hicks Lake Hicks Lake Secchi Disk Readings -.5 Secchi Disk Depth (m) Summer Averages (May-October) The graph below is a graph of the difference between each year s average secchi reading and the average secchi reading for the entire period of record. When the bar is above the line, it indicates that the average water clarity for that year was better than the overall average. A bar below the line indicates that the water clarity for the year was poorer than the overall average. Graphing the water clarity data in this way helps to visually see trends in water quality versus normal annual fluctuations. The graph shows that the water clarity for the past three years was below the long-term average for the lake, but within the range of annual fluctuations seen of the period of record. 1.5 Hicks Lake Water Clarity Trend Annual Mean minus Long-Term Mean 1 Secchi (meters)

6 Hicks Lake Trophic State Indices The Carlson trophic state indices (TSI) are used to express the degree of productivity of a lake. Average summer total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and secchi disk readings are each used to calculate TSIs for the lake. A TSI of to 4 indicates an oligotrophic, or low productivity, lake. A TSI of 41 to 5 indicates a mesotrophic, or moderately productive lake. A TSI of greater than 5 indicates a eutrophic, or highly productive lake. The TSI s for the period of record are graphed below. Trophic State Index Oligotrophic Hicks Lake Trophic State Indices Mesotrophic Eutrophic Summer Averages (May-October) TSI (Chl a) TSI (TP) TSI (Secchi) The 28 TSI s for total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and secchi disk are 43, 55, and 51, respectively. In 28, two of the three indices were within the eutrophic, or highly productivity range. The graph shows that from 22 through 25 the three TSI s were all within the meostrophic range and water quality conditions were fairly good. In 26, 27, and 28 the productivity was higher and water clarity lower than it has been for several years. However, this could be a reflection of external influences such as weather, as they are similar to the TSI s in the late 199 s. Sampling conducted in 1981 by the US Geological Survey also found Hicks Lake to be in the mesotrophic to eutrophic state. Total Phosphorus The average 28 surface total phosphorus concentration in Hicks Lake was.15 milligrams per liter (mg/l). Generally, lakes in the Puget Sound region with summer average surface total phosphorus concentrations greater than.3 mg/l experience undesirable algae growth which interferes with recreational uses of the lake (USGS Water Supply Paper 224). The action level established in WAC A, Water Quality Standards for Surface Water of the State of Washington is.2 mg/l. The surface total phosphorus concentrations in Hicks Lake were less than the.2 mg/l state action level in all of the six monthly samples. 218

7 Hicks Lake Algae The monitoring program includes identification of algae types present in the lake. The 28 data can be found at the end of this chapter. The most common types of algae present in Hicks Lake include blue-green algae, diatoms, yellow and green algae. Major Issues: Low water levels occur during summer months, especially during periods of drought such as in 21. High lake levels can also occur during higher than normal winter rainfall conditions. Extreme high lake levels cause flooding of some lakeshore structures. The outlet channel is on private property, is not maintained, and restricts the flow of water out of the lake. High density residential land use, storm water discharges, and other non-point pollution in this urban setting could degrade water quality if measures are not taken to prevent it. Funding Sources: Monitoring funds were shifted from Hick Lake in 29 in order to conduct sampling on another high-use recreation lake in rural Thurston County. City of Lacey will fund monitoring of Hicks Lake in

8 Hicks Lake May 21, 28 June 18, 28 Depth (meters) Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND Depth (meters) Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND July 16, 28 August 12, 28 Depth (meters) Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND Depth (meters) Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND Depth (meters) September 15, 28 Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND Depth (meters) October 13, 28 Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND 22

9 Thurston County Water Resources Annual Report - 28 Hicks Lake Site ID# HENHIL Date Time Bottom Depth m Bottom Sample Depth m Sur TP mg/l Bott TP mg/l Sur TN mg/l Bott TN mg/l Secchi m Chl a ug/l Phae a ug/l Water Color Lake Notes 5/13/28 12:3: PM #7 yellow-orange Chl a & algae 1 & 2M. 6/18/28 2:15: PM #8 yellow-orange Chl a & algae 1 & 2M. 7/16/28 1:15: PM #9 brownish orange Chl a & algae 1 & 2M. 8/12/28 2:45: PM #8 yellow-orange Chl a & algae 1, 2, & 3M. 9/15/28 3:3: PM #8 yellow-orange Chl a & algae 1,2, & 3M. 1/13/28 4:: PM #8 orange Chl a & algae 1, 2, & 3M. Summary for 'Site Description' = Hicks Lake (6 detail records) Averages: Sur TP.15 Secchi 1.84 Chl a

10 Algae data: Hicks Lake Type Description Dominant in Sample 5/21/28 6/18/28 7/15/28 DF YL CP EU YL Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Chroococcus species Ceratium species Asterionella species Synedra species Ankistrodesmus species Botryococcus species Closterium species Quadrigula species Staurastrum species Dinobryon species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Gomphosphaeria species Chilomonas species Asterionella species Synedra species Trachelomonas species Ankistrodesmus species Botryococcus species Elakatothrix species Oocystis species Spondylosium species Staurastrum species Anabaena species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Aphanocapsa species Asterionella species Rhizosolenia eriensis Staurastrum species Dinobryon species Hicks Lake Page 1 of 3 222

11 Type Description Dominant in Sample 8/12/28 9/15/28 1/13/28 YL CP CP EU EU YL CP EU Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Microcystis species Snowella species Asterionella species Rhizosolenia eriensis Dinobryon species Anabaena species Aphanocapsa species Microcystis species Chilomonas species Cryptomonas species Asterionella species Cyclotella species Rhizosolenia eriensis Synedra species Phacus species Trachelomonas species Elakatothrix species Oocystis species Scenedesmus species Dinobryon species Anabaena species Merismopedia species Snowella species Cryptomonas species Rhizosolenia eriensis Synedra species Tabellaria species Trachelomonas species Actinastrum species Hicks Lake Page 2 of 3 223

12 Type Description Dominant in Sample Key: = Blue green CP = Cryptophyte DF = Dinoflagellate = Diatom EU = Euglenophyte = Green YL = Yellow Hicks Lake Page 3 of 3 224

13 Long Lake 29 PART OF HENDERSON INLET WATERSHED LENGTH OF LAKE: 1.9 miles SHORELINE LENGTH: 7.1 miles LAKE SIZE: 33 acres BASIN SIZE: 8.25 square miles MEAN DEPTH: 12 feet MAXIMUM DEPTH: 21 feet VOLUME: 3,9 acre-feet PRIMARY LAND USES: The watershed is primarily urban and suburban residential use, with a small percentage in agriculture and forest. Dense residential development exists along the lake shore. PRIMARY LAKE USE: Fishing, boating, swimming and other water sports. PUBLIC ACCESS: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife public boat launch; City of Lacey, Long Lake Park; 1 small private community accesses. GENERAL TOPOAPHY: The approximate altitude of the lake is 15 feet. Long Lake is third in a series of four lakes beginning with Hicks Lake, then Pattison Lake, Long Lake, and Lois Lake, which drain to Woodland Creek. The watershed is relatively flat with extensive wetlands between the lakes. One stream flows into Long Lake at the south end, and a surface outlet exits at the north end. The outlet stream is Woodland Creek which flows to Henderson Inlet. 225

14 Long Lake GENERAL WATER QUALITY: (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor) Fair - The lake experiences nuisance bluegreen algae blooms and many areas of the lake have emergent aquatic plants that interfere with recreational activities. The north basin has better water quality than the south basin. The noxious aquatic plant, Eurasian water milfoil was discovered in the lake in the 198s, and has been controlled through handpulling and bottom barriers. A second noxious plant, fragrant waterlily, is being treated with glyphosate and rhizome removal. OTHER AVAILABLE DATA: Water Quality data - Thurston County Environmental Health Division, (36) html Thurston County Resource Stewardship Department, Water Resources Program (36) s-long.html GENERAL DISCUSSION: Long Lake is third in a chain of lakes which discharge to Woodland Creek and finally Henderson Inlet. Long Lake has two major basins, a north and south basin, which are connected by a narrow, shallow channel. The south basin has a maximum depth of about 13 feet, and the north basin has a maximum depth of about 2 feet. A small creek enters in the south basin, and the outlet channel is at the north end of the lake. The lake is also in continuity with the shallow groundwater. The community has had a lake management district for many years, which supports lake management activities, such as aquatic weed harvesting, hand-pulling of Eurasian watermilfoil, and water quality monitoring. In 28 an alum treatment was made to the south basin of the lake to reduce phosphorus and subsequently reduce nuisance algae blooms. In 29 the ambient monitoring consisted of monthly sampling May through October at monitoring sites located in the deepest areas of the two main basins, referred to as the north and south basins. The parameters include temperature, dissolved oxygen, ph, conductivity, secchi disk readings. Samples are collected near the surface and near the lake bottom and analyzed for total phosphorus and total nitrogen. Composite samples from the epilimnion (warm surface layer) or photic zone are collected and analyzed for chlorophyll a and algae identification. The data from the monitoring program is located at the end of this report. Field Parameters The monthly temperature, dissolved oxygen, ph, and conductivity profile graphs are included on pages 229 and 23 at the end of this narrative. Thermal stratification is when there are two distinct layers of water in the lake, the upper layer being warmer than the lower layer. The graphs show that in 29 the north basin was strongly stratified from May through July. Stratification was weak in August and September. By October the lake was thoroughly mixed. The south basin was stratified in May. But for the remainder of the summer, the water column appeared to have been mixing often so that the water column did not stratify. In the north basin, the dissolved oxygen concentrations at the bottom were below 2 mg/l from May through September. Under those anoxic conditions phosphorus is released from the sediments into the water column in a form readily used by algae cells. 226

15 Long Lake Secchi Disk Water Clarity The water clarity for 29 is shown on a graph entitled 29 Secchi Disk Readings on page 231. The water clarity in the north basin ranged from 1.3 meters (4.3 feet) in August to 2.9 meters (9.4 feet) in May. The north basin s season average was 2.1 meters (7 feet), which less than the long term average of 2.6 meters for the north basin. The water clarity in the south basin ranged from 1.7 meters (5.7 feet) in June to 4.1 meters (13.5 feet) in October. The season average in the south basin was 2.4 meters (8 feet). The annual averages for both basins are graphed on page 232. To examine trends in water clarity, the annual average (mean) secchi disk reading can be normalized by subtracting the mean secchi reading for the entire record from the annual mean. A positive bar on the graph indicates that the average clarity for that year is better than the overall average. A negative bar indicates that the average water clarity that year was poorer than the overall average. These graphs are found on page 233 and are titled Water Clarity Trend. The clarifying effects of alum treatments in 1983 and 28 are evident by the tall, positive bars above the line on the graphs. Total Phosphorus Levels The average 29 surface total phosphorus concentration in the north basin was.23 milligrams per liter (mg/l). In the south basin the average surface TP was.18 mg/l. Generally, lakes in the Puget Sound region with summer average surface total phosphorus concentrations greater than.3 mg/l experience undesirable algae growth which interferes with recreational uses of the lake (USGS Water Supply Paper 224). The action level established in WAC A, Water Quality Standards for Surface Water of the State of Washington is.2 mg/l. In the north basin the total phosphorus concentrations were above the water quality standard in October after the lake had mixed, bringing nutrient-rich waters up from the bottom. In the south basin, the total phosphorus concentrations were overall still low due to the effects of the 28 alum treatment. The highest surface concentration was.25 mg/l in May. In the north basin, the poorest water clarity and the greatest algae growth, as measured by chlorophyll a concentration, corresponded with the high phosphorus levels in August. In the south basin, the chlorophyll concentrations stayed fairly low, with the highest concentration measured in September. Graphs of the annual average phosphorus concentrations can be found on page 234. Trophic State Indices The Carlson Trophic State Indices (TSI), are used to express the degree of productivity of a lake. Average summer total phosphorus concentrations, chlorophyll a concentrations, and secchi disk transparency are each used to calculate a TSI for the lake. A TSI of to 4 indicates an oligotrophic, or low productivity, lake. A TSI of 41 to 5 indicates a mesotrophic, or moderately productive lake. A TSI of greater than 5 indicates a eutrophic, or highly productive lake. The north basin 29 TSIs for total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and secchi disk are 49, 54, and 49, respectively. These TSIs indicate moderate to highly productive conditions. The south basin TSIs 227

16 Long Lake for total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and secchi disk are 46, 51, and 47, respectively. The south basin TSIs indicate moderately productive conditions. The trophic state indices trend graphs on page 235 show the water quality improvements realized from the 28 alum treatment in the south basin. Major Issues: # The Long Lake Steering Committee is implementing the Long Lake Integrated Management Plan. Activities include the following: o Monitor and manage any recurrence of milfoil or emergence of other aquatic plants to meet recreational and aesthetic needs, fishery and wildlife habitat requirements, and watershed concerns. o Conduct water quality monitoring. o Investigate and promote best management practices and shoreline enhancement to decrease phosphorus loading. o Pursue multifaceted strategies to eliminate noxious aquatic plant species, reduce native nuisance aquatic plants to improve recreational and aesthetic conditions, and maintain fish and wildlife habitat. o Investigate the feasibility for adding aluminum sulfate (alum) to reduce internal cycling of phosphorus to improve water clarity and reduce the frequency and intensity of bluegreen algae blooms. # In 22, zooplankton sampling and alkalinity analysis were discontinued from the monitoring program. In 23 and 24 the water quality sampling frequency was changed by the steering committee from six monthly sampling events to three (July, August, and September). Since 25 six monthly samples were again collected to support a partial lake alum treatment feasibility assessment. # In Spring 28, the south basin was treated with alum to reduce the available phosphorus concentration in the water column to reduce algae production. Funding Sources: The Long Lake - Lake Management District (LMD) funds the water quality monitoring of the lake to inform lake management decisions. The lake management district assesses an annual charge to lakefront and lake-access properties within an established boundary for the purpose of funding specific lake management activities. The district is established by a vote of the property owners within the proposed boundary. The current LMD runs through 21, and the LMD Steering Committee is beginning the public petitioning process to form a new district in

17 Long Lake LONG LAKE NORTH (LO3) May 19, 29 June 22, 29 Depth (meters) Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND Depth (meters) Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND July 14, 29 August 18, 29 Depth (meters) Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND Depth (meters) Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND September 15, 29 October 12, 29 Depth (meters) Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND Depth (meters) Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND 229

18 Long Lake LONG LAKE SOUTH (LO4) May 19, 29 June 22, 29 Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Depth (meters) Depth (meters) Conductivity Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND TEMP ph D.O. COND July 14, 29 August 18, 29 Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Depth (meters) Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND Depth (meters) Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND September 15, 29 October 12, 29 Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Depth (meters) Depth (meters) Conductivity Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND TEMP ph D.O. COND 23

19 Long Lake Long Lake - North & South Basins 29 Secchi Disk Readings -.5 Secchi Depth (meters) /19/9 6/22/9 7/14/9 8/18/9 9/15/9 1/12/9 Date of Reading North Basin South Basin 231

20 Long Lake Long Lake - North Basin Secchi Disk Readings Secchi Depth (meters) '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '9 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 ' '1 '2 '3 '4 '5 '6 '7 '8 '9 Summer Averages (May-October) Long Lake - South Basin Secchi Disk Readings Secchi Depth (meters) '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '9 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 ' '1 '2 '3 '4 '5 '6 '7 '8 '9 Summer Averages (May-October) 232

21 Long Lake Long Lake North Water Clarity Trend Annual Mean Secchi Minus Overall Mean Secchi (in meters) = Long Term Mean Long Lake South Water Clarity Trend Annual Mean Secchi Minus Overall Mean Secchi (in meters) = Long Term Mean 233

22 Long Lake.15 Long Lake - North Basin Total Phosphorus at Surface and Bottom Total Phosphorus (mg/l).1.5 Average without the July sample result of 1.6 mg/l 1981 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '9 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 ' '1 '2 '3 '4 '5 '6 '7 '8 '9 Summer Average (May-October) Blanks indicate years where there was an insufficient number of samples to average. Surface TP Bottom TP Long Lake - South Basin Total Phosphorus at Surface and Bottom.15 Total Phosphorus (mg/l) '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '9 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 ' '1 '2 '3 '4 '5 '6 '7 '8 '9 Summer Average (May-October) Blanks indicate years where there was an insufficient number of samples to average. Surface TP Bottom TP 234

23 Long Lake 7 Long Lake - North Basin Trophic State Indices Trophic State Index Eutrophic Mesotrophic Oligotrophic '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '9 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 ' '1 '2 '3 '4 '5 '6 '7 '8 '9 Summer Averages (May-October) TSI (Chl a) TSI (TP) TSI (Secchi) Trophic State Index Eutrophic Long Lake - South Basin Trophic State Indices Mesotrophic Oligotrophic '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '9 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 ' '1 '2 '3 '4 '5 '6 '7 '8 '9 Summer Averages (May-October) TSI (Chl a) TSI (TP) TSI (Secchi) 235

24 Thurston County Water Resources Annual Report - 29 Long LO#3 (North Basin) Site ID# HENLOL3 Date Time Bottom Depth m Bottom Sample Depth m Sur TP mg/l Bott TP mg/l Sur TN mg/l Bott TN mg/l Secchi m Chl a ug/l Phae a ug/l Water Color Lake Notes 5/19/29 11:15: AM #6 yellow-green Chl a & algae 1, 2, & 3M. 6/22/29 3:1: PM #6 yellow-green Chl a & algae 1, 2 & 3M. 7/14/29 4:3: PM #6 yellow-green Chl a & algae 1, 2 & 3M. 8/18/29 11:3: AM #3 pea-green Chl a & algae 1 & 2M. 9/15/29 3:15: PM #6 yellow-green Chl a & algae 1, 2, & 3M. 1/12/29 3:4: PM #3 pea-green Chl a & algae 1, 2, & 3M. Summary for 'Site Description' = Long LO#3 (North Basin) (6 detail records) Averages: Sur TP.23 Secchi 2.14 Chl a

25 Thurston County Water Resources Annual Report - 29 Long LO#4 (South Basin) Site ID# HENLOL4 Date Time Bottom Depth m Bottom Sample Depth m Sur TP mg/l Bott TP mg/l Sur TN mg/l Bott TN mg/l Secchi m Chl a ug/l Phae a ug/l Water Color Lake Notes 5/19/29 11:: AM #7 yellow-orange Chl a & algae 1 & 2M. 6/22/29 2:45: PM #6 greenish yellow Chl a & algae 1 & 2M. 7/14/29 4:1: PM #6.5 yellow Chl a & algae 1, 2 & 3M. 8/18/29 11:: AM #6 yellow-green Chl a & algae 1, 2 & 3M. 9/15/29 3:: PM #6 yellow-green Chl a & algae 1, 2, & 3M. 1/12/29 3:15: PM #6 yellow-green Chl a & algae 1, 2, & 3M. Summary for 'Site Description' = Long LO#4 (South Basin) (6 detail records) Averages: Sur TP.18 Secchi 2.44 Chl a

26 Algae data: Long LO#3 (North Basin) Type Description Dominant in Sample 5/19/29 EU YL YL Anabaena species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Chroococcus species Microcystis species Asterionella species Cyclotella species Melosira species Tabellaria species Trachelomonas species Cosmarium species Elakatothrix species Oocystis species Sphaerocystis schroeteri Staurastrum species Dinobryon species Synura species Long LO#3 (North Basin) Page 1 of 4 238

27 Type Description Dominant in Sample 6/22/29 7/14/29 CP EU YL CP YL Anabaena species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Aphanocapsa species Gomphosphaeria species Chroomonas species Cyclotella species Fragilaria species Tabellaria species Trachelomonas species Crucigenia species Elakatothrix species Pediastrum species Radiococcus nimbatus Sphaerocystis schroeteri Staurastrum species Dinobryon species Anabaena species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Aphanocapsa species Cryptomonas species Cyclotella species Fragilaria species Tabellaria species Cosmarium species Scenedesmus species Sphaerocystis schroeteri Staurastrum species Dinobryon species Long LO#3 (North Basin) Page 2 of 4 239

28 Type Description Dominant in Sample 8/18/29 9/15/29 CP CP DF YL CP DF EU YL Anabaena species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Aphanocapsa species Cryptomonads Cryptomonas species Ceratium species Fragilaria species Melosira species Synedra species Tabellaria species Closterium species Cosmarium species Sphaerocystis schroeteri Staurastrum species Dinobryon species Anabaena species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Aphanocapsa species Chroococcus species Gomphosphaeria species Lyngbya species Cryptomonas species Ceratium species Asterionella species Fragilaria species Melosira species Trachelomonas species Ankyra judayi Botryococcus species Elakatothrix species Pediastrum species Sphaerocystis schroeteri Staurastrum species Dinobryon species Long LO#3 (North Basin) Page 3 of 4 24

29 Type Description Dominant in Sample 1/12/29 CP CP CP EU YL Microcystis species Woronichinia species Chilomonas species Chroomonas species Cryptomonas species Asterionella species Fragilaria species Melosira species Stephanodiscus species Tabellaria species Trachelomonas species Dictyosphaerium pulchellum Staurastrum species Dinobryon species Key: = Blue green CP = Cryptophyte DF = Dinoflagellate = Diatom EU = Euglenophyte = Green YL = Yellow Long LO#3 (North Basin) Page 4 of 4 241

30 Algae data: Long LO#4 (South Basin) Type Description Dominant in Sample 5/19/29 CP CP DF YL YL Anabaena species Chroomonas species Cryptomonas species Ceratium species Asterionella species Cyclotella species Tabellaria species Botryococcus species Cosmarium species Elakatothrix species Oocystis species Sphaerocystis schroeteri Staurastrum species Dinobryon species Synura species Long LO#4 (South Basin) Page 1 of 5 242

31 Type Description Dominant in Sample 6/22/29 7/14/29 CP EU EU YL DF EU YL Anabaena species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Aphanocapsa species Cryptomonas species Cyclotella species Melosira species Tabellaria species Euglena species Trachelomonas species Ankyra judayi Botryococcus species Crucigenia species Radiococcus nimbatus Scenedesmus species Sphaerocystis schroeteri Staurastrum species Dinobryon species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Aphanocapsa species Ceratium species Cyclotella species Fragilaria species Melosira species Tabellaria species Trachelomonas species Crucigenia species Elakatothrix species Quadrigula species Dinobryon species Long LO#4 (South Basin) Page 2 of 5 243

32 Type Description Dominant in Sample 8/18/29 CP DF EU YL Anabaena species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Aphanocapsa species Gomphosphaeria species Lyngbya species Cryptomonas species Ceratium species Attheya zachariasi Cyclotella species Fragilaria species Melosira species Rhizosolenia eriensis Synedra species Tabellaria species Phacus species Oocystis species Scenedesmus species Staurastrum species Dinobryon species Long LO#4 (South Basin) Page 3 of 5 244

33 Type Description Dominant in Sample 9/15/29 1/12/29 CP DF EU YL CP CP DF EU YL YL Anabaena species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Gomphosphaeria species Pseudanabaena species Cryptomonas species Ceratium species Asterionella species Attheya zachariasi Cyclotella species Melosira species Rhizosolenia eriensis Stephanodiscus species Tabellaria species Trachelomonas species Botryococcus species Dinobryon species Anabaena species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Aphanocapsa species Woronichinia species Chilomonas species Chroomonas species Ceratium species Attheya zachariasi Melosira species Rhizosolenia eriensis Stephanodiscus species Tabellaria species Trachelomonas species Elakatothrix species Dinobryon species Synura species Long LO#4 (South Basin) Page 4 of 5 245

34 Type Description Dominant in Sample Key: = Blue green CP = Cryptophyte DF = Dinoflagellate = Diatom EU = Euglenophyte = Green YL = Yellow Long LO#4 (South Basin) Page 5 of 5 246

35 Pattison Lake PART OF HENDERSON INLET WATERSHED SHORELINE LENGTH: 6.3 miles LAKE SIZE: 27 acres BASIN SIZE: 3.8 square miles MEAN DEPTH: 13 feet MAXIMUM DEPTH: 22 feet VOLUME: 3,6 acre-feet PRIMARY LAND USES: The watershed is primarily suburban residential with some undeveloped forest cover primarily in wetland areas. PRIMARY LAKE USES: Fishing, swimming, and boating (under 5 mph). PUBLIC ACCESS: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife public boat launch on the south basin. GENERAL TOPOAPHY: Pattison Lake is a Puget Sound lowland lake at an elevation of 154 feet. Decades ago it was divided into two basins, north and south, by placement of fill material for a railroad. Pattison Lake is second in a series of four lakes that begins with Hicks Lake. Hicks Lake drains into Pattison, and Pattison drains to Long Lake. The outlet from Long Lake flows through Lois Lake and becomes Woodland Creek, a tributary stream to Henderson Inlet. GENERAL WATER QUALITY: (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor) Fair - Algae blooms, filamentous algae growth, and aquatic plant growth, at times, impair water clarity and fishing and boating activities, especially in the south basin. 247

36 Pattison Lake OTHER DATA: Washington Department of Ecology, Environmental Assessment Program, (36) (historic DOE and volunteer collected water quality data). Thurston County Resource Stewardship Department, Water Resources Program (36) Water Quality Data - Thurston County Environmental Health Division, html (36) GENERAL DISCUSSION: The lake is separated into two distinct basins by fill from the railroad tracks. Water quality is generally better in the north basin than it is in the south basin. Algae blooms often impair water clarity in both the north and south basins. However, the south basin usually has more severe algae blooms and occasionally experiences filamentous algae growth that floats to the surface and interferes with boating and fishing. Pattison Lake was part of a lake restoration project initiated by citizens in In 1983 the lake was treated with aluminum sulfate (alum) to reduce the phosphorus concentration in the lake. Aquatic plant harvesting was done for two years after the alum treatment, and was resumed in the north basin for a few years in the early 9's. There have been no major lake management activities since that time. However, water quality monitoring has been conducted by Thurston County during the summer months since This year monitoring was reduced from the previous two sites, one in each basin, to just one site in the south basin. In 29 monthly sampling was done, May through October, at a site located in the south basin. Field measurements include temperature, dissolved oxygen, ph, conductivity, secchi disk readings. Water samples were collected near the lake surface and bottom and were analyzed for total phosphorus and total nitrogen. Composite samples from the epilimnion (warm surface layer), or photic zone, were collected and analyzed for chlorophyll a and algae identification. The data from the monitoring program is located in the table on page 252. The algae identification report can be found at the end of this chapter. Field Parameters The monthly temperature, dissolved oxygen, ph, and conductivity data is displayed on graphs on page 251. Stratified means that the lake develops a warm surface layer as solar radiation warms the upper water, but a layer of cooler water remains at the bottom. Because Pattison Lake is fairly shallow, and the south basin more shallow than the north, the warm upper water and the cooler lower water are not very distinct layers and sometimes mix during the summer. In 29 the south basin was thermally stratified from May through July with a five degree difference between the surface and the bottom. In August and September there was only a three degree temperature difference between the surface and the bottom. By October the lake was fully mixed. During May through September, the dissolved oxygen level near the bottom was reduced to nearly zero. 248

37 Pattison Lake Secchi Disk Water Clarity Water clarity in a lake is measured with a device called a secchi disk. The 29 average secchi disk transparency in the south basin, was 1.9 meters (or 6.4 feet), with a range from 1.3 meters in October to 3.2 meters in May (4.3 to 1.3 feet). The average water clarity measured over the past fourteen years is shown on graph below. The average water clarity for the 29 season was the lowest it has been since South Pattison Lake Secchi Disk Readings Secchi Depth (meters) Summer Averages (May -October) Total Phosphorus and Chlorophyll a Levels The 29 average surface total phosphorus concentration was.31 milligrams per liter (mg/l). Generally, lakes in the Puget Sound region with summer average surface total phosphorus concentrations greater than.3 mg/l experience undesirable algae growth which interferes with recreational uses of the lake (USGS Water Supply Paper 224). The action level established in WAC A, Water Quality Standards for Surface Water of the State of Washington is.2 mg/l. The total phosphorus concentrations were at or above the action level every month except May. They were above.3 mg/l in August, September, and October, with the highest surface concentration occurring in September at.47 mg/l. Corresponding to the high nutrient levels, water clarity was less than two meters from August through October. Algae growth, as measured by chlorophyll a concentrations, was also high during those three months, peaking in October at 35µg/L. The algae report at the end of the chapter shows several species of blue-green algae present. Blue-green algae are in the group that typically dominate nutrient rich lakes, and are responsible for algae blooms. Information about blue-green algae toxicity and swimming safety information is available at Thurston County website: 249

38 Pattison Lake Trophic State Indices Carlson trophic state indices (TSI) are used to express the degree of productivity in a lake. Average summer total phosphorus concentrations, chlorophyll a concentrations, and secchi disk transparency are each used to calculate a TSI for the lake. A TSI of to 4 indicates an oligotrophic, or low productivity, lake. A TSI of 41 to 5 indicates a mesotrophic, or moderately productive lake. A TSI of greater than 5 indicates a eutrophic, or highly productive lake. A graph of the tropic state indices for each year of data is shown below. The 29 South Pattison Lake TSIs for total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and secchi disk are 54, 59, and 5, respectively. Two of the three indices were in the eutrophic range in 29, indicating a highly productive and nutrient-rich lake. The Trophic State Indices graph below shows variation from year to year, but overall indicates that the lake has been moderately high in nutrients and algae productivity throughout the period of record. Trophic State Index South Pattison Lake Trophic State Indices Eutrophic Mesotrophic Oligotrophic Summer Averages (May-October) TSI (Chl a) TSI (TP) TSI (Secchi) Major Issues: Blockages in the outlet channel in past years have caused the lake level to rise, flooding docks and yards. Abundant nutrients often create algae blooms, which reduce water clarity. Nutrients also stimulate filamentous algae growth, especially in the south basin, which form floating mats on the surface that impair recreational uses. Funding Sources: Thurston County funding will support continued sampling in 21 in the south basin. 25

39 Pattison Lake May 26, 29 June 22, 29 Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Depth (meters) Depth (meters) Conductivity Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND TEMP ph D.O. COND July 13, 29 August 19, 29 Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Depth (meters) Depth (meters) Conductivity Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND TEMP ph D.O. COND September 16, 29 October 12, 29 Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Depth (meters) Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND Depth (meters) Temperature, ph, Dissolved Oxygen Conductivity TEMP ph D.O. COND 251

40 Thurston County Water Resources Annual Report - 29 South Pattison Lake Site ID# HENSPL1 Date Time Bottom Depth m Bottom Sample Depth m Sur TP mg/l Bott TP mg/l Sur TN mg/l Bott TN mg/l Secchi m Chl a ug/l Phae a ug/l Water Color Lake Notes 5/26/29 11:3: AM #6 yellow-green Chl a & algae 1, 2, & 3M. Lots of algae in bottom sample. 6/22/29 1:15: PM #6 yellow-green Chl a & algae 1, 2 & 3M. Water cloudy. 7/13/29 2:45: PM #6 yellow-green Chl a & algae 1, 2 & 3M. 8/19/29 1:3: AM #3 pea-green Chl a & algae 1 & 2M. 9/16/29 2:3: PM #3 pea-green Chl a & algae 1 & 2M. 1/12/29 2:3: PM #3 pea-green Chl a & algae 1 & 2M. Algae clumps throughout the water column. Summary for 'Site Description' = South Pattison Lake (6 detail records) Averages: Sur TP.31 Secchi 1.94 Chl a

41 Algae data: South Pattison Lake Type Description Dominant in Sample 5/26/29 6/22/29 CP CP DF YL DF Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Chilomonas species Cryptomonas species Ceratium species Asterionella species Cyclotella species Cymbella species Botryococcus species Oocystis species Sphaerocystis schroeteri Dinobryon species Anabaena species Aphanocapsa species Microcystis species Ceratium species Asterionella species Cyclotella species Fragilaria species Crucigenia species Elakatothrix species Oocystis species Scenedesmus species Sphaerocystis schroeteri Staurastrum species South Pattison Lake Page 1 of 3 253

42 Type Description Dominant in Sample 7/13/29 8/19/29 CP DF EU CP DF Anabaena species Aphanocapsa species Chroomonas species Ceratium species Cyclotella species Fragilaria species Trachelomonas species Crucigenia species Anabaena species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Aphanocapsa species Chroococcus species Gomphosphaeria species Cryptomonas species Ceratium species Fragilaria species Melosira species Ankyra judayi Chlorococcum humicola Oocystis species South Pattison Lake Page 2 of 3 254

43 Type Description Dominant in Sample 9/16/29 1/12/29 CP CP DF EU CP CP DF EU YL Anabaena species Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Chroococcus species Gomphosphaeria species Lyngbya species Chilomonas species Cryptomonas species Ceratium species Fragilaria species Trachelomonas species Ankyra judayi Oocystis species Sphaerocystis schroeteri Staurastrum species Anabaena species Aphanocapsa species Chroomonas species Cryptomonas species Ceratium species Amphora species Fragilaria species Melosira species Stephanodiscus species Trachelomonas species Ankyra judayi Closterium species Nephrocytium species Oocystis species Staurastrum species Syncrypta volvox Key: = Blue green CP = Cryptophyte DF = Dinoflagellate = Diatom EU = Euglenophyte = Green YL = Yellow South Pattison Lake Page 3 of 3 255

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45 Tanglewilde Stormwater Outfall PART OF HENDERSON WATERSHED PRIMARY LAND USES: Urban residential Commercial GENERAL TOPOAPHY: The Tanglewilde outfall is a stormwater outfall that discharges into Woodland Creek. The stormwater system collects runoff from the Tanglewilde neighborhood and portions of Martin Way and Carpenter Road. It also carries shallow ground water that infiltrates into the storm water system during wet periods of the year. GENERAL WATER QUALITY: (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor) Poor - Fails the fecal coliform standard during storm events. Nitrate concentrations are very high in the base flow due to shallow groundwater contamination. OTHER DATA: Thurston County Environmental Health Division, (36) or ehswat/swater.html Washington Department of Ecology, Water quality data from Henderson TMDL study, (36) Thurston County Resource Stewardship Department, Water Resources Program (36) or 257

46 Tanglewilde Stormwater Outfall The Tanglewilde stormwater outfall was added to the ambient monitoring network in 25. This stormwater outfall discharges into Woodland Creek, which is the largest tributary to Henderson Inlet. Woodland Creek is listed on the33d Section of the Clean Water Act for fecal coliform, temperature and dissolved oxygen standards violations. A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) study completed by Washington Department of Ecology in March 26 identified the Tanglewilde stormwater outfall as one of the major sources of bacteria and nitrogen pollution to Woodland Creek. During the 27/8 water year, six samples were collected at this site and in water year 28/9, seven samples were collected. The outfall is usually dry during summer months. The water quality standard for fecal coliform bacteria at this site is as follows: part I - the geometric mean shall not exceed 5 colony forming units per 1 milliliters of sample, and part II - no more than 1 percent of the samples shall exceed 1 colonies per 1 ml of sample. For both water years, the outfall met part I of the fecal coliform standard but did not meet part II. This is because during storm events the bacteria level typically exceeds 2 organisms per 1 ml. But when it is not raining, source of the base flow in the outfall is groundwater, which is low in bacteria but high in nitrate. During storm events turbidity exceeds background conditions. Nitrate results are consistently very high in this discharge. While there is no water quality standard for nitrates in surface water, a US EPA study determined that the reference condition for nitrate+nitrite concentrations in streams and rivers of the Puget Sound Lowland ecoregion is.26 mg/l (EPA Publication 822-B--15). The average is 7.1 mg/l for 27/8 and 4.38 mg/l for 28/9. In this stormwater system, shallow ground water infiltrates into the pipe. The high nitrate values reflect local contamination of the shallow ground water, primarily from on-site sewage systems. Major Issues: # Stormwater discharged from this outfall is a major source of bacteria and nutrient pollution to Woodland Creek. # On-site septic systems and other urban activities are contributing to contamination of the shallow ground water in the area, which is infiltrating into the stormwater system. # Thurston County has a project underway to reduce the stormwater volume and improve water quality through rehabilitation of dry wells, restoration of lawns, and installation of bioswales and rain gardens in the Tanglewilde neighborhood. Funding Sources: # Local Storm and Surface Water Utility 258

47 Water Quality Summary Conventional Parameters Tanglewilde Stormwater Outfall Parameter Units Temperature º C WQ Standard WAC A Highest 7-DAD Max of 16 º C Water Year Water Year Data: 27/8 and 28/9 Mean Range # samples violating standard Water Year Data Mean Range Dissolved Oxygen mg/l Lowest one-day minimum of of 5 of Conductivity μmhos/cm ph * 7.4* of 5 of Turbidity NTU not to exceed 5 NTU over background of 5 2 of Fecal Coliform colonies / 1 ml GMV: <5 and < 1% not to exceed ** 32** % exceeding 1 17% 43% Total Phosphorus mg/l Nitrate+Nitritenitrogen mg/l Ammonia mg/l <.1.29 < <.1.28 * Median ** Geometric mean value (GMV)

48 Thurston County Water Resources Monitoring Report Tanglewilde Outfall to Woodland Creek 12/1/27 1:: PM Water very clear. NH4 is < detection limit.1. 1/14/28 1:3: PM water is grey & turbid. 2/13/28 1:45: PM NH4 is < detection limit.1. F.C. is <5. 3/17/28 2:2: PM NH4 is < detection limit.1. 5/14/28 3:15: PM Sample only, too low for YSI or flow. 6/9/28 Not flowing, just wet. 8/18/28 Dry, even after rain event. Date Time Temp ph DO FC Turb Flow TP NOx COMMENT C mg/l umhos/cm cfu/1ml NTU cfs mg/l mg/l 1/24/27 11/26/27 Dry. 26 4/21/28 2:3: PM F.C. is <5. 7/21/28 9/22/28 outfall is dry.

49 Thurston County Water Resources Monitoring Report Tanglewilde Outfall to Woodland Creek 1/2/28 3:15: PM water too low for flow measurement or YSI. 11/18/28 3:15: PM F.C. reported as <5. NH3 reported as <.1. 12/16/28 No sampling done due to snow. 1/12/29 4:: PM NH3 reported as <.1. 2/11/29 4:15: PM Duplicates labeled "Lacey2" 3/16/29 4:: PM NH3 reported as <.1. Date Time Temp ph DO FC Turb Flow TP NOx COMMENT C mg/l umhos/cm cfu/1ml NTU cfs mg/l mg/l 261 4/23/29 9:: AM DO did not post calibrate. NH4 reported as <.1. FC reported as <5. Flow very low, discharge gross estimate. 5/13/29 2:15: PM /16/29 Dry. 7/2/29 Dry. 8/25/29 Dry. 9/23/29 Dry.

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51 Woodard Creek #12 PART OF HENDERSON WATERSHED LENGTH OF CREEK: 7.5 miles BASIN SIZE: 5,9 acres STREAM ORDER: 2 PRIMARY LAND USES: Urban residential Rural residential Commercial FISHERIES RESOURCES: (From A Catalog of Washington Streams and Salmon Utilization, WDOF) Coho Chum GENERAL WATER QUALITY: (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor) Fair Met Part I of the fecal coliform standard but consistently fails Part 2. Listed on 33d list for past violations of fecal coliform, dissolved oxygen and ph standards. Nitrate and total phosphorus levels high. OTHER DATA: Thurston County Environmental Health Division, (36) or ehswat/swater.html Thurston County Resource Stewardship Department, Water Resources Program (36) (flow data) or GENERAL TOPOAPHY: The length of the creek is characterized by wetlands and wooded terrain. The gradual rises and depressions of land contain many small wetlands. 263