Quality Report. Waste Statistics

Transcription

1 Quality Report On Waste Statistics Reference year 2008 Regulation 2150/2002/EC on waste statistics Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, ISPRA (Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research)

2 Table 1: Institutions involved in the collection of data and distribution of tasks Identifying details: - Country: Italy - Reference year: Data set(s): waste generation and management - Date of transmission: 05/11/2010 Contact details of the person(s) responsible for the quality of waste statistics - Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA, Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research) - Tel.: waste@isprambiente.it - Unit: Servizio Rifiuti [Waste service], in association with Servizio Progetto Speciale Annuario e Statistiche ambientali [Service for the special project on Yearbook and Environment statistics]. General description of which methods are used in which part of the data set Data on municipal waste generation were collected using questionnaires sent to public and private entities involved, in the collection of information on waste management (regional and provincial agencies for environmental protection, regional, provincial and municipal authorities, provincial waste observatories, commissioners for waste emergencies and municipally owned or private agencies responsible for managing municipal hygiene services). Code 20 reported in WStatR tables refers to total municipal waste. It should be noted that, in Italy, this figure includes both household waste and waste generated by commercial and service activities consigned to the municipal waste collection service. Data from the various sources were validated by means of targeted surveys and cross-checked with the of Environmental Compulsory Declarations () set up pursuant to Law No 70/1994. Relatively to municipalities for which it was not possible to obtain information via questionnaires, direct contacts or the processing of declarations, data were estimated by ISPRA using a tried-and-tested method based on the use of average per capita production coefficients, which were applied in accordance with 2

3 stratification criteria on the basis of the province in which the municipality is located and the resident population size group. For both municipal and special waste (industrial waste and waste from economic activities), declarations are filled by companies or subjects which are obliged to do under Article 189 of Legislative Decree No 152 of 3 April This decree made major changes to the previous legislation (Leg. Decree No 22/97), restricting the level of coverage of the declarations. Consequently, producers of special non-hazardous waste, with a number of employees fewer than 10, are not obliged to return the declaration. Moreover the above mentioned article 189 provides, relatively to non hazardous waste production, total exemption for some specific producers and sectors, e.g. agroindustry, construction & demolition activities. The lack of data of some producers inevitably influences the overall value of nonhazardous waste production. To overcome this lack of information a useful tool for investigation can be represented by specific studies which involve the adoption of estimation methods based on the definition of waste production factors by main product unit or per employee. These estimation methods are those used in previous statements. For the generation of special hazardous waste the provides all the relevant information as, in this case, declaration is compulsory for all producers, with no exceptions. Data on special non-hazardous waste produced by Section C, divisions 10 and 11, have been quantified by an estimation method based on the definition of waste production factors per unit of main product. Waste production of these activities is, in fact, strictly correlated with the processing cycle. The used methodology involves the assessing, for each production cycle, of the main incoming flows of raw materials and energy and the outgoing material flows in order to achieve, via a mass balance, the quantification of waste per unit of product or raw material processed. The definition of such production factors and a knowledge of the data relating to primary production allow to estimate the quantities of waste that can be associated with each specific sector. 3

4 Concerning division 10, classes and 10.51, it must be stressed that whey from milk/dairy undertakings and olive mill waste water were excluded from the total amount of waste production, since they are handled as by-products within the undertakings or are covered by specific rules other than those governing waste. Total non-hazardous waste from sector F (C&D) was, estimated starting from data on management operations, with the exclusion of intermediate management phases. Total production of non-hazardous construction and demolition waste was assumed to be equal to the quantity sent for recovery or disposal. For all the above-mentioned sectors, analyses were conducted at the level of single European Waste Code (decision 2000/532/EC). Aggregation was then carried out according to the categories provided for in Regulation 2002/2150/EC. In other cases, the estimation methods have been applied to integrate. As previously said, declaration is not mandatory for companies with fewer than 10 employees who produce non-hazardous waste. Therefore, divisions partly estimated (integrations for companies with a number of employees fewer than 10) are: sector C, divisions 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24 and 25. The quantification of non-hazardous waste production by these divisions was made using an estimation method based on waste production per employee. In this case, selection of the method was prompted by the greater quantity of waste which is not strictly correlated with production cycles (non-specific waste types) but whose production can nevertheless be related to the size of the enterprise. The method based on waste production per employee was used to supplement data on enterprises with a number of employees fewer than 10. It should be pointed out here that the estimation of waste production was made using 100% of the employees (ISTAT s) in each NACE sector rather than limited samples. Quantification was again done by single type of waste at CER code level. Aggregation was then done using the categories provided for in Regulation 2002/2150/EC. For other NACE the relating to year 2008 guaranteed a coverage of data close to 100% (this information has been obtained by relating the number of companies that filed the with the total number of companies in the sector), obviating the need for estimates. 4

5 Data on municipal waste management, were obtained by sending specific questionnaires to the various operators and institutions concerned. In a number of cases, the relevant information was supplemented with targeted surveys of individual management facilities and with data from the base. This was also useful for eliminating doubts and inconsistencies that emerged during the comparison of data from different sources. Most of the data on the management of special waste come from the and were supplemented with targeted surveys of individual management facilities. Data on landfill and incineration are an exception, because these data are derived almost exclusively from targeted surveys of individual plants. It should be stressed that total waste sent for recovery does not include waste treated in certain types of plant, particularly waste sent to mechanical/biological treatment plants and to vehicle dismantling plants. Processing operations carried out in these types of plant were deemed to constitute D8 and/or D9 operations, which are explicitly excluded from the scope of Regulation 2150/2002. Codes CER , , , have likewise been excluded, these also typically being sent for D8 and/or D9 operations or for landfill. They have been included in the table entitled Disposal other than incineration. For waste incineration, quantities have been entered under heading R1 or D10 depending on the main purpose of the treatment facility. For plants whose principal function is the thermal treatment of waste for the purpose of disposal, the amount processed has consistently been recorded as a D10 operation, even in the case of plants that carry out energy recovery. Amounts have been entered under heading R1 only for plants whose principal function is the production of electrical and/or thermal energy or of materials and where waste is used as a standard or additional fuel. This approach is strictly in line with the relevant Community provisions (Directive 2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste and Directive 2008/98/EC on waste) and with the judgments of the European Court of Justice. As regards the quantification of sludge, methods described by Eurostat in document WASTE WG 79/3.1 b (2008) were adopted to provide data. 5

6 It should, however, be noted that this information is not provided by the various entities concerned via declarations, so straightforward application of the conversion factor may produce an error in the quantification of the dry-weight amount. Generally speaking, a specific conversion factor cannot be determined, since the wet content depends on a number of parameters such as typology of sludge, climatic conditions, production cycle, sludge treatment cycle, etc. Data set 1: Waste generation by waste category (EWC-STAT) and economic activities (NACE) As pointed out in the general section above, analyses are not based on sample surveys but on studies designed to guarantee an information coverage of close to 100%. For generation of municipal waste, data are collected for each municipality in the country, whilst for the generation of special waste they cover all enterprises coming under a specific NACE sector. Details of the methods used to quantify the production and management of waste for the various NACE sectors and the typologies of waste under consideration are given in tables 2-7 below. 6

7 Table 2 Description of methods determining waste generation Source Waste item All items Hazardous Nonhazardous Hazardous. Non-hazardous - division 10, classes and 10.51: waste production is quantified via a mass balance approach; estimation is based on production factors per unit of principal product; - other divisions: Hazardous. Non-hazardous - enterprises with more than 10 employees: - enterprises with less than 10 employees: data supplemented with estimates based on production factors by number of employees. Estimates were 100% of employees in the sector at national level. Hazardous Nonhazardous Hazardous. Non-hazardous - enterprises with more than 10 employees: - enterprises with less than 10 employees: data supplemented with estimates based on production factors by number of employees. Estimates were produced for 100% 100% of employees in the sector at national level. Hazardous Nonhazardous Hazardous. Non-hazardous - enterprises with more than 10 employees: - enterprises with less than 10 employees: data supplemented with estimates based on production factors by number of employees. Estimates were produced for 100% of employees in the sector at national level Hazardous Nonhazardous Hazardous Non-hazardous the value was obtained from data on the management of waste coming from the construction and demolition sectors derived from declarations, excluding all intermediate management operations and assuming that all the produced waste is sent for disposal or to recovery operations. Hazardous Nonhazardous Targeted censuses and questionnaires supplemented with Estimates were produced for 100% of main production at national level NB: Data on the number of employees in the sectors and on the principal productions were obtained from ISTAT s. 7

8 Table 3 - Description of classification used Economic activities Waste types Recovery and treatment operations Name of classification(s) used NACE List Of Wastes codes Decision 2000/532/EC The recovery and disposal operations as reported in Annexes I and II of directive 2008/98/EC Description of the classification(s) (in particular compatibility with Wstat requirements) Data are compiled on the basis of the Ateco economic classification and then aggregated by NACE macro-category. Data were compiled by single European Waste Code before being aggregated according to the categories provided for in Regulation (EC) 2150/2002. Table 4 Estimation of waste generation in the economy on the basis of a sample survey Data are collected for each single municipality (generation of municipal waste) and for each individual local unit (generation of special waste). The survey method provides for targeted censuses and questionnaires and for the processing of. If data do not provide full information coverage (this may occur for special non-hazardous waste production), provision is made for supplementing them with estimates as described in section 1 of this report. This guarantees coverage of the national territory as a whole. Data are collected at the maximum level of disaggregation (by single CER code and/or, in the case of municipal waste, by single CER code or each material fraction). Therefore, quantification of waste generation is not based on sample surveys. For a description of the methodology used, cf. section 1 of this report. Table 5 Estimation of waste generation in the economy on the basis of information on waste treatment Data are collected for individual local units by means of targeted censuses or by processing data from the. If data do not provide full information coverage (this may occur for special non-hazardous waste production), provision is made for supplementing them with estimation methods as described in section 1 of 8

9 this report. This guarantees coverage of the national territory as a whole. Data are collected at the maximum level of disaggregation (single CER code). Therefore, quantification of waste generation is not based on sample surveys. For a description of the methodology used, cf. section 1 of this report. Table 6 Estimation of waste generation in the economy on the basis of models or other methods Data are collected by individual local unit by means of targeted censuses or by processing. If data do not provide total information coverage (this may occur for special non-hazardous waste production), provision is made for supplementing them with estimates as described in section 1 of this report. This guarantees coverage of the national territory as a whole. Data are collected at the maximum level of disaggregation (single CER code). Therefore, quantification of waste generation is not based on sample surveys. For a description of the methodology used, cf. section 1 of this report. Table 7 Determination methods for waste generated by households Data are collected at the maximum level of disaggregation (by single CER code or each material fraction) at the level of individual municipalities using targeted censuses and questionnaires. Information cover the whole country. Data refer to all municipal waste from households and commercial/service activities, collected by municipally owned or private agencies responsible for managing municipal hygiene services. For a description of the methodology used, cf. section 1 of this report. Data set 2: Treatment of waste Data on municipal waste management are obtained by carrying out specific censuses each year, questionnaires being sent to the various entities holding the relevant information, be they regional or provincial authorities, provincial waste observatories, ARPA/APPA [Regional and provincial agencies for environmental 9

10 protection], municipalities or individual management enterprises. Missing data are supplied by processing declarations at local unit level. The information thus covers 100% of the country's management facilities. For special waste, data on management facilities are obtained by carrying out targeted censuses or by using the, any missing data being provided by contacting individual management facilities directly. The information thus covers 100% of the country's management facilities. Generally speaking, the bulk of data on incineration and landfill facilities come mainly from targeted censuses, with questionnaires being sent to the various entities that hold the relevant information regional and provincial authorities, provincial waste observatories, ARPA/APPA, municipalities or individual management enterprises. Missing data are supplied from the. By contrast, almost all information on energy recovery, material recovery operations and disposal operations different from incineration or landfill mainly comes from the, any missing data being provided by contacting individual management facilities directly. In any case, data are collected at individual unit level, so coverage is 100% of all plants in the country. Table 8 - Registers used for identification of treatment operations Identification of register(s) used Description of register(s) (name; institution responsible) (coverage, frequency and updating procedure) Targeted censuses of management Surveys are carried out annually. facilities conducted by sending the relevant questionnaires to the parties holding the information (ARPA/APPA, provincial and regional authorities) or by contacting individual management plants directly. The declaration is returned annually. 10

11 Table 9 - Determination of treated waste quantities Item 1 Incineration (R1) Item 2 Incineration (D10) Item 3 Recovery Item 4 Disposal I Item 5 Disposal II Targeted censuses 1. Targeted censuses 2. municipal waste management: 1. Targeted censuses 2. Special waste management: Targeted censuses D1, D5, D10: 1. Targeted censuses 2. Other disposal operations: Targeted censuses Targeted censuses Data are collected for individual local units; the figures shown thus refer to all waste management facilities in the country. 1) Principal source of data; 2) Secondary source of data 11

12 Section II Report on quality features 1. Relevance Having information on the generation and management of waste allows information processes to be developed that help us understand why a given situation has arisen. This in turn allows us to assess the effectiveness of the corrective measures taken, plan new measures and establish priorities between competing measures within a programme or between different programmes. 2. Accuracy 2.1 Sampling errors The quantities of waste produced and managed are evaluated by means of censuses, targeted surveys and by processing declarations, these being supplemented by sector-specific studies to extrapolate findings to the whole. In other words, the approach adopted eschews sample surveys in favour of a combination of several data collection methods, thus allowing an almost complete coverage of information. 2.2 Non-sampling errors Coverage errors Description of the methods used to achieve 100% coverage of waste production Total coverage is insured by the use of procedures and methods that are described fully in section 1 of this report (questionnaires, targeted censuses, processing of data combined with sector-specific studies and other estimation methods). Description of the waste processing structures not included and the reason for their exclusion As explained in Section 1 of this report, total waste sent for recovery does not include waste treated in certain types of plant, particularly waste sent to mechanical/biological treatment plants and to vehicle dismantling plants. Processing operations carried out in these types of plant were deemed to constitute D8 and/or 12

13 D9 operations, which are explicitly excluded from the scope of Regulation 2150/2002. Codes CER , , , have likewise been excluded, these also typically being sent for D8 and/or D9 operations or for landfill. They have been included in the table entitled Disposal other than incineration. For waste incineration, quantities have been entered under heading R1 or D10 depending on the main purpose of the treatment facility. For plants whose principal function is the thermal treatment of waste for the purpose of disposal, the amount processed has consistently been recorded as a D10 operation, even in the case of plants that carry out energy recovery. Amounts have been entered under heading R1 only for plants whose principal function is the production of electrical and/or thermal energy or of materials and where waste is used as a standard or additional fuel. Evaluation of generation of municipal waste As pointed out in Section 1 of this report, data on the generation of municipal waste were collected using questionnaires sent to public and private entities involved, in one capacity or another, in the collection of information on waste management (regional and provincial agencies for environmental protection, regional, provincial and municipal authorities, provincial waste observatories, commissioners for waste emergencies). This information was then validated using a targeted approach (directly contacting municipal and private agencies managing municipal hygiene services) and crosschecked with the. For municipalities for which it was not possible to obtain information via questionnaires, direct contacts or the processing of declarations, data were estimated by ISPRA using a tried-andtested method based on the use of average per capita production coefficients which were applied in accordance with stratification criteria on the basis of the province in which the municipality is located and the resident population size group. This ensured that every single municipality in the country was covered Measurement/compilation errors caused by non-response and connected with the model The use of a combination of methods avoids the errors associated with each method individually and provides full information. 13

14 3. Timeliness and relevance Data on the generation and management of municipal waste are available by the end of the year following the reference year. As things stand, data on special waste are available within two years. Data are, therefore, timely, relevant and highly reliable. 4. Accessibility and transparency ISPRA guarantees the dissemination of data on the generation and management of waste by publishing annual reports and by completing EUROSTAT questionnaires. 5. Comparability Quantification of the production and management of waste is done by means of censuses, targeted surveys, processing declarations and sector-specific studies, not by means of statistical sample surveys. Information thus covers the system as a whole and is therefore always comparable. 14