2017 Annual Report Garfield County Cooperative Mosquito Control Program October 2017

Transcription

1 2017 Annual Report Garfield County Cooperative Mosquito Control Program October 2017 Vector Disease Control International 7000 North Broadway, Suite 108 Denver, CO Website:

2 Garfield County Cooperative Mosquito Control Program TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE MISSION STATEMENT & OBJECTIVES 3 VDCI IN COLORADO SEASON PERSPECTIVE 5 WEST NILE VIRUS 7 US MAP (2017 HUMAN CASES) COLORADO 2017 HUMAN WNV INFECTIONS BY COUNTY COLORADO MAP 2017 WNV SURVEILLANCE LARVAL MOSQUITO CONTROL 11 VDCI SURVEILLANCE LABORATORY 13 CDC TRAP DATA COMPARISON ADULT MOSQUITO CONTROL 17 PUBLIC RELATIONS & EDUCATION 19 SUMMARY 20 APPENDIX: GRAPHICS AND DATA SUMMARIES AREA CLIMATE DATA CDC TRAP DATA COMPOSITE SUMMARIES ADULT CONTROL DATA YEARLY COMPARISON CHARTS 2

3 Garfield County Mosquito Control Program Mission Statement Garfield County completed another year of cost effective Integrated Mosquito Management operations in Many communities across Colorado recognize the need to control mosquito annoyance and the risk of mosquitoborne disease associated with flood irrigation practices, urban development, and snow melt runoff. Integrated mosquito management operations that utilize environmentally sensitive controls and new technologies can greatly enhance the outdoor experience without negatively impacting the environment. The need to protect residents and visitors from the health risks, severe annoyance and discomfort associated with biting mosquitoes is a chronic annual problem. The primary objective of the Garfield County Mosquito Control Program is to suppress populations of larval mosquitoes in aquatic habitats. VDCI technicians primarily utilize bacterial larvicides that reduce mosquito populations without harming non target organisms. Additionally, monitoring of adult mosquito populations is an essential component of an Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM) program. Surveillance trapping performed as part of the Garfield County Cooperative program provides data used to assess potential West Nile Virus infection risk, as well as the need for adult mosquito control measures. Data driven rapid response with mosquito adulticide ULV technology can reduce the threat of disease transmission and annoyance associated with mosquitoes. VECTOR DISEASE CONTROL INTERNATIONAL Founded in 1992 with a single contract in central Arkansas, VDCI started with the simple idea to provide municipalities with the products and services needed to run effective mosquito control programs, VDCI now has 25 years experience and offices located throughout the United States. Our mosquito control professionals have more than 100 years in combined mosquito surveillance and control experience. VDCI operates full service surveillance and control programs on the municipal, county and state level. In addition to our many seasonal municipal programs VDCI is capable of quickly deploying anywhere mosquito services are needed, as we have proven during past and recent emergency responses to natural disasters and emerging disease outbreaks in the US and abroad. 3

4 VDCI In Colorado Although VDCI was new to Colorado in 2014 partnerships with Colorado Mosquito Control and Ottertail Environmental brought together the biggest and most experienced mosquito control companies in the state under one name. VDCI now manages mosquito control programs throughout Colorado including Homeowners Associations, Cities and Towns, Mosquito Control Districts, Counties, Indian Reservations, and more. VDCI currently has seven year round offices in Colorado with programs that range from the southwest corner of the state to northeastern Colorado. VDCI also has programs in several mountain areas including Aspen, the Gunnison Valley, and the Colorado River valley. Since the inception of The Garfield County Cooperative Mosquito Control Program, efficacy of the established program has been improved through additional mosquito larval site mapping and continued adaptation to ever changing environmental conditions. Current municipal participants in the Garfield County Cooperative Program are: Carbondale, Glenwood Springs, New Castle, Silt, Rifle, Parachute, and Battlement Mesa. VDCI has continued to provide top quality mosquito control programs to the Western Slope and Mountain areas of Colorado. In addition, VDCI has expanded to provide service to other municipalities as new mosquito control programs were initiated. VDCI will maintain its commitment to provide top quality service, in an effort to minimize the threat of West Nile Virus to citizens and to reduce mosquito annoyance in Garfield County. 4

5 2017 SEASON PERSPECTIVE At VDCI we have come to expect each Colorado summer to present a unique set of temperature, precipitation, irrigation, and human interactions that combine to create new and different challenges in both mosquito control and mosquito borne disease proliferation and control. The 2017 mosquito season started with warmer than normal temperatures in May, starting a trend that continued with above average temperatures throughout the entire summer. Area snow pack levels were above average going into the spring creating a runoff that filled many mosquito larval brooding sites. Water levels remained high in the Colorado and Roaring Fork Rivers through early July and then dropped quickly throughout the remainder of the summer. Although temperatures were hot and rains were scarce for most of the season the high runoff and plentiful irrigation water lead to significant mosquito production through late July. After the brief period of frequent rains in late July stopped mosquito production began to steadily decrease in most areas throughout the month of August despite the warm daytime temperatures that remained well into September. (See Chart 2017 Garfield County Climate Data ). The majority of the mosquitoes encountered during the 2017 season were of the genius Aedes/Ochlerotatus. They are associated with newly applied floodwater via rain, heavy runoff, or agricultural activities. Older standing stagnant water will often produce mosquitoes of the genus Culex. These mosquitoes are also common in most areas of Colorado and are the primary vector for West Nile Virus. Mosquito population trends are almost always dependent on either heavy rains (over 0.5in) or the agricultural flooding of fields for irrigation. With an above average snow pack in 2017 snowmelt runoff was once again the biggest factor in early season mosquito production. Later seasonal rains, warm temperatures, and agricultural practices during July and August led to several more spikes in mosquito activity. Due to the warm summer temperatures combined with seasonal rains and irrigation acres required treatment within Garfield County in 2017 compared with acres in (See Site Comparison by Year in the Appendix). Mosquito larval production in man made habitat such as tires filled with water by the sporadic rains common in July through early August continued to be a major problem in By late August there were relatively few significant rain events, but high temperatures drove mosquito production in marshlands and other sites that were still holding standing water. Anticipating and understanding weather events and the resulting effect it will have on mosquito populations is one of VDCI s primary objectives to tailor the perfect program for Garfield County. Cool nighttime temperatures in September resulted in a major decrease of mosquito populations early in the month. The mosquito larval inspection and control season officially came to a close on September 15 th as daytime temperatures dropped into the 60 s and 70 s with night time temperatures dropping into the high 30s throughout the control area. 5

6 2017 Field Activities Field activities began in March for the 2017 season. The earliest activity of the season involved updating and revising GIS maps. In addition, new site identification and mapping was a priority that included mapping several areas that had not previously been included in larval control operations. Mapping larval sites is an ongoing process; every year citizen reports of new areas of standing water, new construction and site changes result in new sites being added or sometimes removed from the existing larval inspection routes. Hiring of seasonal technicians began in April, and continued into May. As the VDCI service area continues to grow, hiring an adequate number of top quality field technicians has become a challenge. For the Garfield County office, over 20 applicants were interviewed with 8 full time technicians hired; three of which were returning technicians from last year. VDCI s Annual Field Technician Classroom Training Day took place on Monday, May 22nd with over 75 new and returning field technicians in attendance. Field training by VDCI management and veteran employees lasted through the first week of June. By early June, VDCI was fully staffed and had full daytime and evening shift crews fully trained and in the field. During the early June to mid September time period, field mosquito control operations were in full swing. The final day for larval inspections and control was Friday, September 15th. Mosquito trapping in Garfield County continued through August 29th and soon after cool temperatures and an overall decrease in adult populations effectively eliminated the need for any further trapping and associated adult spraying operations. Before the end of August, mosquito annoyance calls declined to zero. 6

7 WEST NILE VIRUS Background West Nile Virus (WNV) was first identified in Uganda in Since that time, activity has been documented throughout Africa, Europe, West and Central Asia, and areas of the Middle East. The virus made its first appearance to North America in 1999 when it was documented in New York City. WNV comes from a family of viruses known as Flaviviridae and is closely related to other viruses which can have severe effects on both humans and animals such as Japanese Encephalitis and St. Louis encephalitis. WNV has a wide range of symptoms which can range from mild flu like symptoms to death. When humans are infected, nearly 80% will show no symptoms at all. The majority of people who do show symptoms will usually suffer from flu like symptoms. However, approximately 1% of people will develop much more severe symptoms including meningitis (inflammation of the linings surrounding the brain and spinal cord), encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), or very rarely poliomyelitis which can cause paralysis in parts of the body. Since the introduction of WNV to the United States in New York City in 1999, the virus has made a complete westward expansion to the West Coast. Starting in the Northeastern parts of the United States, the virus steadily progressed through the South, the Midwest, the Rocky Mountain region, and now the Western States. WNV activity has been documented in all US states except Alaska and Hawaii. the state totaled 291 cases and 4 deaths (Mesa County). Colorado first saw activity of the virus late in the summer of In 2003 Colorado was the hardest hit state compiling 2,947 human cases and 63 deaths most of which occurred along the Front Range. By 2004 the majority of the cases shifted to the Western Slope and West Nile Virus 2017 West Nile Virus activity was once again observed throughout the United States in 2017, with Maine being the only continental state to report no West Nile Virus activity. States with the most reported West Nile Virus cases include: California, Texas, Arizona, and Colorado. As of October 17th, 2017, there were a total of 1,502 cases in the United States compared to 2,149 total for last year according to the CDC website. In Colorado in 2004 and 2005 West Nile activity was spread throughout the state with no particular clustering in any one region. In 2017 counties reporting the highest numbers of human cases were located along the Colorado Front Range. This season in Colorado in the number of human cases was reduced from the number reported in October As of October 18 th there have been 60 confirmed human cases of West Nile Virus and 4 deaths reported in Colorado. There have been no human cases reported in Garfield, Eagle, or Pitkin Counties at the time of this report. 7

8 West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease Incidence by State United States, 2017 (as of October 17, 2018) Disease incidence per 100,000 Population Source: 8

9 Colorado Human West Nile Virus Infections by County October

10 Colorado West Nile Virus Positive Samples

11 LARVAL MOSQUITO CONTROL Years of research and practical experience have shown that the most effective way to control mosquito populations is through an aggressive Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach. This approach aims at using a variety of concepts, tools, and products to reduce a pest population to tolerable levels. Translating these ideas to mosquito control, VDCI has found the most environmentally and economically sound approach is through targeting the aquatic larval stage of the mosquito. Targeting this stage prevents the emergence of the adult mosquito and thus the inevitable result of disease and nuisance. Over 90% of Vector Disease Control International s operational efforts in Colorado are focused on larval control. Larval mosquito control can be achieved in several ways including biological, biochemical, chemical and mechanical means. Although there are a variety of methods for reducing larval populations, some options may have greater consequences than benefits. Mechanical or habitat modification is a technique which may be used, but the area to be modified and the extent to which the work will affect the surrounding area must be carefully assessed. Permanent ecological damage may occur if extensive habitat change has taken place. True biological controls may also have non target effects that outweigh the benefits of their control capacity. The biological control agent, if not carefully selected and evaluated may cause an imbalance in the natural ecological community, as well as threaten population levels of other organisms. This was the case with the mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis), an introduced species, while an effective predator on mosquito larvae it may have much larger dangers to native fish of Colorado waters. The Gambusia fish are very aggressive eaters and rapidly reproduce and often out compete their native counterparts. For these reasons Colorado Parks and Wildlife has placed restrictions on the stocking and use of Gambusia. However, VDCI has made fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), a native Colorado species, available to the public to stock in irrigation and retention ponds. In general, however, predatory fish and other animal based biological controls such as birds or bats do not provide sufficient control of mosquito populations to be used as the sole mechanism. Other control measures need to be used to gain adequate mosquito reductions. VDCI s favored method of larval mosquito control is through biological or bio rational products and methods. The main product used by VDCI is a variety of bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis var. israeliensis). Bti as it is known has become the cornerstone of mosquito control programs throughout the world. The benefits include its efficacy and lack of environmental impacts. When used properly successful control without impact to aquatic invertebrates, birds, mammals, fish, amphibians, reptiles or humans can be achieved. A broad label allows for the use of the product in the majority of the habitats throughout the service area. Another bacterial product closely related to Bti is Bacillus sphaericus (Bs). In addition to all of the benefits of Bti, Bs is by definition a true biological control agent in that it remains in the system through multiple broods, or generations, of mosquitoes. Unfortunately, the residual benefit of this type of control will only work under specific conditions. Other larval control products used include a growth regulator (methoprene) and a highly refined mineral oil (BVA2). Methoprene is a synthetic copy of a juvenile growth hormone in larval mosquitoes. The hormone prevents normal development of the adult mosquito in the pupal stage eventually causing death. While a good control product, the cost is prohibitive to be the predominant product in a large scale program. VDCI limits the use of 11

12 these types larvacides to areas with little biodiversity, such as road side ditches, or areas which chronically produce large amounts of mosquitoes and even then, only as a last resort when other solutions are not present. The benefits of these products are the availability of 30 and even 150 day formulations. Mineral oil is the only product effective on the pupal stage and therefore is an essential tool when pupae are found. All of the methods and products discussed earlier represent the essential ingredients of Integrated Pest Management. Mosquitoes are very well adapted and can be found in many different habitat types from a cattail marsh to a cup littered on the side of the road. A variety of tools and methods must be used to prevent resistance and ensure the best result will be achieved for any given mosquito situation. In Garfield County larval control began the second week of May and continued through mid September. Steady production was seen throughout the summer with significant increases in larval production/treatment coinciding with minor precipitation events and local irrigation practices. During the 2017 season, there were 3,981 site inspections with 83.1% (3308) of them wet. Of the 3308 wet sites 53.6% (1774) of them required treatment totaling acres treated in Garfield County. Vector Disease Control International Larvicide Data Summary by REPORT DATE: 4/19/2017 to 10/19/2017 by ACCOUNT: BM, CD, GF, GW, NC, PR, RF, SI Total Site Inspections No. Wet Sites Percentage Wet Sites No Sites Treated Percentage Breeding* Total Acres Treated Battlement Mesa % 50 81% 23.5 Carbondale, Town of % % 22.8 Garfield County Unincorporated % % Glenwood Springs, City of % 37 52% 0.9 New Castle, Town of % % 32.2 Parachute, Town of % % 90.8 Rifle, Town of % % 74.4 Silt, Town of % 73 61% VDCI constantly strives to improve its operations. Most recently VDCI has implemented several high tech solutions to what historically has been a primarily low tech industry. VDCI s CMMS (Computerized Mosquito Management System) utilizes historical data to analyze and identify areas and sites of particular importance. Additionally, a sample of larvae from sites found to be breeding can be collected and brought back to the lab for identification purposes. This allows for a specific knowledge of each site especially in the event of a disease outbreak where a particular species has been found to be the vector. Targeted inspections then allow for resources to be allocated efficiently. 12

13 VDCI SURVEILLANCE LABORATORY Information on mosquito abundance and species identity is critical in the operation of a successful mosquito management program. Over the past few years identifying, packaging and sending Culex mosquito pool samples to the CDPHE or CSU labs for West Nile Virus testing has also become critically important in the battle against WNV and other mosquito borne diseases. The Vector Disease Control International Surveillance Laboratory, managed by Dr. Michael Doc Weissmann, has become the largest single source of adult and larval mosquito surveillance data in the state of Colorado. Specifically, in Colorado VDCI has 5 stereo zoom binocular microscopes, over 100 CDC dry ice baited Light Traps, 20 Reiter Gravid Traps and all associated equipment and hardware. The CDC light trap uses carbon dioxide from dry ice as bait to attract female mosquitoes seeking a blood meal from a breathing animal. Once attracted by the CO 2, the mosquitoes are lured by a small light to a fan that pulls them into a net for collection. The Gravid Trap uses a tub of highly organic water as bait to attract female mosquitoes that are looking for a place to lay their eggs. A fan placed close to the water surface forces mosquitoes that come to the water into a collection net. Once back in the laboratory, the contents of the trap nets are counted and identified by technicians trained to recognize the mosquito species. In 2017, Vector Disease Control International LLC monitored a statewide network of CO2 baited light traps in which all adult mosquitoes were counted and identified to species by the VDCI Surveillance Laboratory. While individual traps provide only limited information, trap data is interpreted in the context of historical records for the same trap site, going back in time more than a decade. Individual traps are also compared to other traps from around the region that were set on the same night and therefore exposed to similar weather conditions. Technicians working in the Surveillance Laboratory at are trained to provide accurate species level identification of mosquito specimens, for both adults and larvae. More than 50 mosquito species are believed to occur in Colorado, many of which were identified from samples processed during the 2017 season across the state. Additionally, the VDCI Surveillance Laboratory conducts an intensive larval identification program with over 8,000 larval mosquito samples collected by I&L technicians prior to larviciding being identified to species. This information is now invaluable in targeting mosquito control efforts as we gain a greater understanding of the habitat types preferred by Colorado mosquito species and the seasonality of these habitats as sites for mosquito development. 13

14 Specimens and data collected from these traps and larval identification are used in: Determining effectiveness of larval control efforts. Each mosquito species prefers specific kinds of habitats for larval development. If a trap includes large numbers, it could indicate the presence of an unknown larval habitat and, based on the species identification and known habitat preference for that species, direct field technicians as to possible sources of the mosquitoes collected. Determining larval and adult mosquito species which helps illustrate the threat of mosquito borne disease amplification and transmission. Determining where adult control efforts were necessary. While mosquito eradication is impossible, significant population reduction is achievable. In places where larval control was insufficient, especially in neighborhoods where adult mosquitoes migrated in from larval sources outside of the control area, it may be necessary to use adulticide application methods such as ULV truck fogging or barrier sprays of nearby harborage areas. Trap counts that were in excess of an acceptable threshold for the area would trigger adult control measures. Surveillance for Mosquito borne Disease. Historically, VDCI efforts were targeted primarily at controlling mosquito nuisance problems with limited disease surveillance. However, since the arrival of the West Nile Virus in Colorado in August of 2002, the paradigm has shifted toward disease prevention and control. Accurate species identification of the mosquitoes in the traps is important when monitoring species population trends. It also is necessary for evaluating whether a population spike represents an actual increase in disease transmission potential or only an increased nuisance level. Additionally, a majority of the Culex specimens collected in the VDCI traps during the 2017 season were sent to the CO State Health Department laboratory or one of the regional county laboratories to be tested for West Nile Virus and other mosquito borne diseases. 14

15 CDC Surveillance Light Trap Data Comparison In 2017, 11 surveillance light trap locations monitored adult mosquito populations within Garfield County weekly. Weather permitting, CDC battery operated light traps were set in each location to provide adult mosquito population data for seasonal comparisons. Surveillance trapping began the first week of June and was concluded on August 30 th when the final specimens were sent to the lab for identification. In 2017, 136 surveillance light traps were set within Garfield County, which collected 18,396 total mosquitoes. The average number of mosquitoes collected per trap per night was 135 and the average number of Culex mosquitoes collected per trap per night was 44. The percent composition of mosquitoes collected in 2017 is as follows: 65.8% (12,106) Aedes/Oc. Spp, 32.7% (6,012) Culex, 1.0% (175) Culiseta and 0.7% (103) Anopheles. (Please refer to the CDC Light Trap Details in the Appendix of this report for species composition and seasonal trends by individual surveillance trap location.) 15

16 2017 Garfield County Light Trap Composite Data Total number of trap/nights set: 136 Total number of mosquitoes collected: 18,396 Average mosquitoes per trap/night: 135 Average Culex per trap/night: 44 Species collected and abundance: Aedes (Oc.) dorsalis Aedes (Oc.) fitchii Aedes (Oc.) increpitus % 0.1 % 2.1 % Aedes (Oc.) melanimon Aedes (Oc.) spencerii idahoensis % 0.3 % Aedes cinereus Aedes vexans % 58.9 % Aedes (Oc.) spp.* % Anopheles hermsi % Culex erythrothorax % Culex pipiens % Culex salinarius Culex tarsalis Culiseta incidens % 13.9 % 0.0 % Culiseta inornata % * Ae. canadensis, Ae. hendersoni, Ae. sticticus, and Ae. trivittatus Genus proportions: Genus Number Aedes/Ochlerotatus 12,106 Anopheles 103 Culex 6,012 Culiseta 175 Other 0 Percent of Total 65.8 % 0.6 % 32.7 % 1.0 % 0.0 % 2017 Vector Disease Control International

17 2017 ADULT CONTROL The goal of Vector Disease Control International is to provide all residents of Garfield County with the best options for safe, effective, modern mosquito management. The primary emphasis of the program is to control mosquitoes in the larval stage, using safe biological control products. This environmentally focused program maintains adulticide applications as a final resort when mosquito populations surpass nuisance or risk thresholds. Mosquito surveillance trapping results are used to make data driven decisions regarding areas that need to be sprayed for adult mosquito control. Adult mosquito control spraying is targeted to specific sectors determined by this trap data, thereby reducing the area sprayed and the frequency of spraying in each area. The Garfield County Mosquito Control Program uses all available data from CDC light traps, gravid traps, Mosquito Hotline annoyance calls and field technician reports to focus adult mosquito control efforts to specific, very limited targeted areas. In parts of the community where high numbers of mosquito annoyance calls are received, floater CDC light traps are set to evaluate adult population levels and species make up. In many cases, a direct correlation is evident between areas with high complaint calls and high trap counts. While this correlation allows us to focus adult control in these areas, the emphasis is placed on finding the larval habitat sources of the trapped adults and continued larval control measures. Vector Disease Control International uses state of the art technology, calibrated application timing and least toxic products to prevent damage to non target insect species such as bees and other daytime pollinators. Using this application technique, the overall goals of minimal environmental impact and effective adult control are both achieved in the targeted area. During the 2017 season adult mosquito control measures were regularly required in specific problem areas within Garfield County. In 2017 a total of linear miles were treated by ULV truck compared to miles in The product Pursuit 4 4 ULV was used when an Ultra Low Volume (ULV) fogging application was deemed necessary. The active ingredient in Pursuit 4 4 is permethrin which is highly effective against adult mosquitoes and has proven to be the right choice for the main adulticide portion of the Integrated Mosquito Management Program. Another important product occasionally used within Garfield County is Talstar Pro which can be applied as a barrier treatment to harborage in specific limited areas, as requested by local municipalities to protect special outdoor events. The active ingredient in Talstar Pro (Bifenthrin) provides a longer lasting residual treatment compared to ULV applications. Barrier sprays are only used when mosquito annoyance is very high, the possibility of West Nile Virus transmission is elevated, and/or ULV applications have been insufficient or cannot be carried out in the problem area. As we look towards the 2018 season, we will continue to evaluate treatment areas and new control products coming to the market. As always, we will listen to the goals and needs of our customers to continue to provide an effective program that minimizes environmental impacts. Our adult mosquito spray notification and shutoff program was again in place and updated throughout This service allows residents to request a notification of when adult mosquito control treatments will take place in their area, shutting off the sprayer in the vicinity of their address, or both. This service provides residents with up to date information on when and where adult mosquito spraying will take place. 17

18 TECHNOLOGY Vector Disease Control International has strived to improve the programs offered to its customers with novel and progressive advancements, continually evaluating and implementing new products and new technologies, not only with regard to control efforts but also for data processing and information reporting. VDCI shares the belief that timely information should be accessible to customers and residents, so that the people who fund the programs can access the work that is being performed. VDCI also believes that the ability to access the data will improve both the resident s and municipality s ability to stay informed about West Nile Virus risk in their community. VDCI WEBSITE Our website, is the leading website in the State of Colorado when it comes to providing up to date, factual and comprehensive information on, and links to, mosquito biology and control, mosquitoborne diseases, pesticide toxicology information and a wealth of topics relating to mosquitoes. Our website continues to be an integral tool for the dissemination of operational data to the citizens we serve, minimizing the resource and time required by the county and its employees for answering or fielding public inquiries. 18

19 PUBLIC OUTREACH AND EDUCATION For 25 years, VDCI has demonstrated that strong public outreach programs, quality data dissemination and outstanding customer service standards are the keys to success in providing large scale municipal mosquito control programs. Citizen feedback, inquiry and satisfaction surveys aid in evaluating the effectiveness of our program. VDCI constantly looks for ways to better serve the communities we work with and appreciate the citizen involvement in improving the programs we offer. CALL NOTIFICATION & SHUTOFF SYSTEM VDCI maintains a comprehensive Call Notification & Shutoff database, and will notify residents on this list whenever ULV adulticide spray applications will be conducted within 2 blocks of their property or within the effective ULV spray drift distance ( ft depending on wind speed and direction). All Shutoff locations are mapped in ArcView GIS and updated annually. Call & Shutoff forms are available online and may be submitted via the VDCI website or by mail. FLOATER TRAP PLACEMENT Floater traps can be used to assess annoyance reports at resident s homes in locations away from standard trapping sites, to determine adult populations and whether threshold levels are met for ULV Adulticide applications. Annual Reports A comprehensive annual report detailing the season's activities, larval and adult mosquito surveillance, control activity summaries and mosquito population graphs is provided to all participating entities and is available to the public on the Garfield County website. 19

20 SUMMARY We have learned a lot since the inception of Garfield County Cooperative Mosquito Control Program, and have made some great improvements; with both nuisance control and mosquito borne disease information. Work will always continue in the arena of public education, notification and dissemination of information about personal protection and the mosquito control program itself. The Vector Disease Control International website continues to be successful based on the number of visits, favorable e mails and requests for more information received from program residents. The 2017 season could be described as a relatively average mosquito season for most parts of Garfield County. Similar to the last several seasons the Colorado River and its tributaries peaked at above average levels, and there were the associated spikes in floodwater (genus Aedes) mosquito populations, fortunately most were short lived. Once again VDCI s response to the high water levels was quick and we saw relatively few annoyance calls and high trap numbers compared to what we ve seen in past mosquito seasons under similar water conditions. During the late summer hot and dry conditions caused mosquito species composition to transition into higher Culex Sp percentages in the mosquito traps. The species Culex pippiens has been observed in higher numbers the past two seasons. This shift in species composition highlights the need to address human made larval mosquito habitat that can hold water, such as old used tires, and the need promote responsible mosquito brooding habitat management in future seasons. Projects like the used tire disposal drop off in Rifle, CO conducted in 2016 was a good start. Promoting projects like tire drop offs and other mosquito larval source reduction and public awareness projects will not only clean up the community but reduce West Nile risk and mosquito annoyance at the same time. It is always difficult to predict what challenges and obstacles will present themselves in the coming seasons. With that in mind we here at Vector Disease Control International will continue to improve and stay adaptive to whatever conditions the future holds. Vector Disease Control International continues to effectively serve the residents of Garfield County using Integrated Mosquito Management technology to reduce mosquito nuisance and the related potential for disease transmission including West Nile Virus. VDCI continues to promote a responsible IPM approach to mosquito management, fully utilizing all available biological control techniques while minimizing the use of chemical pesticides and maintaining an efficient cost effective program. Vector Disease Control International would like to thank Garfield County for their support and business over the years and we look forward to working with Garfield County in the future. 20

21 Appendix Garfield County Area Climate Data 2017 Departures From Historic Averages ( ) National Weather Service Precipitation (Inches) Temperature (Degrees F) May June July August September 2 21

22 2017 Garfield County Light Trap Composite Data Total number of trap/nights set: 136 Total number of mosquitoes collected: 18,396 Average mosquitoes per trap/night: 135 Average Culex per trap/night: 44 Species collected and abundance: Aedes (Oc.) dorsalis Aedes (Oc.) fitchii Aedes (Oc.) increpitus % 0.1 % 2.1 % Aedes (Oc.) melanimon Aedes (Oc.) spencerii idahoensis % 0.3 % Aedes cinereus Aedes vexans % 58.9 % Aedes (Oc.) spp.* % Anopheles hermsi % Culex erythrothorax % Culex pipiens % Culex salinarius Culex tarsalis Culiseta incidens % 13.9 % 0.0 % Culiseta inornata % * Ae. canadensis, Ae. hendersoni, Ae. sticticus, and Ae. trivittatus Genus proportions: Genus Number Aedes/Ochlerotatus 12,106 Anopheles 103 Culex 6,012 Culiseta 175 Other 0 Percent of Total 65.8 % 0.6 % 32.7 % 1.0 % 0.0 % 2017 Vector Disease Control International

23 Season: Trap Type: Location: GPS: BM-09: Willow Creek Season: Trap Type: Location: GPS: CD-02: East Carbondale Saint Finbar Total number of trap/nights set: Total number of mosquitoes collected: Average mosquitoes per trap/night: Average Culex per trap/night: Species collected and abundance: Total number of trap/nights set: Total number of mosquitoes collected: Average mosquitoes per trap/night: Average Culex per trap/night: Species collected and abundance: Genus Proportions: Genus Number Percent of Total 2017 Vector Disease Control International Genus Proportions: Genus Number Percent of Total 2017 Vector Disease Control International Season: Trap Type: Location: GPS: CD-11: Carbondale CRMS Season: Trap Type: Location: GPS: GF-10: Garfield County - Dakota Total number of trap/nights set: Total number of mosquitoes collected: Average mosquitoes per trap/night: Average Culex per trap/night: Species collected and abundance: Total number of trap/nights set: Total number of mosquitoes collected: Average mosquitoes per trap/night: Average Culex per trap/night: Species collected and abundance: Genus Proportions: Genus Number Percent of Total 2017 Vector Disease Control International Genus Proportions: Genus Number Percent of Total 2017 Vector Disease Control International

24 Season: Trap Type: Location: GPS: GW-09: Glenwood Springs Cemetery Season: Trap Type: Location: GPS: NC-03: New Castle Elk Creek Elem. School Total number of trap/nights set: Total number of mosquitoes collected: Average mosquitoes per trap/night: Average Culex per trap/night: Species collected and abundance: Total number of trap/nights set: Total number of mosquitoes collected: Average mosquitoes per trap/night: Average Culex per trap/night: Species collected and abundance: Genus Proportions: Genus Number Percent of Total 2017 Vector Disease Control International Genus Proportions: Genus Number Percent of Total 2017 Vector Disease Control International Season: Trap Type: Location: GPS: PR-01: Parachute - Cottonwood Park Season: Trap Type: Location: GPS: RF-01: Rifle Lyons Park Rest Area Total number of trap/nights set: Total number of mosquitoes collected: Average mosquitoes per trap/night: Average Culex per trap/night: Species collected and abundance: Total number of trap/nights set: Total number of mosquitoes collected: Average mosquitoes per trap/night: Average Culex per trap/night: Species collected and abundance: Genus Proportions: Genus Number Percent of Total 2017 Vector Disease Control International Genus Proportions: Genus Number Percent of Total 2017 Vector Disease Control International

25 Season: Trap Type: Location: GPS: RF-15: Rifle - Mile Pond Road Season: Trap Type: Location: GPS: RF-16: Rifle - Middle School Total number of trap/nights set: Total number of mosquitoes collected: Average mosquitoes per trap/night: Average Culex per trap/night: Species collected and abundance: Total number of trap/nights set: Total number of mosquitoes collected: Average mosquitoes per trap/night: Average Culex per trap/night: Species collected and abundance: Genus Proportions: Genus Number Percent of Total 2017 Vector Disease Control International Genus Proportions: Genus Number Percent of Total 2017 Vector Disease Control International Season: Trap Type: Location: GPS: SI-09: Silt Kum & Go Season: Trap Type: Location: GPS: SI-10: Silt Coal Ridge High School Total number of trap/nights set: Total number of mosquitoes collected: Average mosquitoes per trap/night: Average Culex per trap/night: Species collected and abundance: Total number of trap/nights set: Total number of mosquitoes collected: Average mosquitoes per trap/night: Average Culex per trap/night: Species collected and abundance: Genus Proportions: Genus Number Percent of Total 2017 Vector Disease Control International Genus Proportions: Genus Number Percent of Total 2017 Vector Disease Control International

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30 Vector Disease Control International Adulticide Data Customer Battlement Mesa Backpack Subdiv/Are a Material Start Time End Time 07/12/2017 Pump House Talstar 11:19:00 11:43: Dirt Road 08/16/2017 GVRC Movie Talstar 09:07:00 10:03: Backpack Sum 1.8 Avg 0.9 Min 0.6 Max 1.2 Truck 07/06/2017 Willow Creek Pursuit 20:54:00 21:06: /27/2017 Willow Creek Pursuit 21:31:00 21:40: /23/2017 Willow Creek Pursuit 21:27:00 21:43:00 3 Truck Sum 6.0 Avg 2.0 Min 1.0 Max 3.0 Garfield County Unincorporated Miles Backpack 07/06/2017 GVRC Movie Talstar 08:14:00 09:20: /06/2017 GVRC Movie Talstar 08:14:00 09:20: /10/2017 CRHS Talstar 08:05:00 08:36:00 1 Treeline 07/19/2017 GVRC Movie Talstar 13:15:00 14:03: /10/2017 CRHS Talstar 09:41:00 11:04: Treeline 08/18/2017 CRHS Talstar 20:39:00 21:55:00 2 Perimeter Backpack Sum 7.1 Avg 1.2 Min 0.8 Max 2.0 Truck 06/22/2017 Mile Pond Pursuit 20:13:00 20:29: and US 6 06/28/2017 mile pond Pursuit 20:14:00 20:35:00 3 US6 area 07/05/2017 Mile Pond Pursuit 20:30:00 20:47:00 3 and US 6 07/18/2017 Mile Pond Pursuit 20:34:00 21:15:00 4 and US 6 07/18/2017 Mile Pond Pursuit 20:34:00 21:15:00 4 and US 6 07/25/2017 Mile Pond Pursuit 07:58:00 20:19:00 3 and US 6 07/31/2017 Rifle South Pursuit 20:45:00 21:04:

31 New Castle, Town of Parachute, Town of 08/23/2017 Mile Pond and US 6 Backpack 07/27/2017 US6 and Elk Creek Pursuit 19:58:00 20:16:00 3 Truck Sum 25.4 Avg 3.2 Min 2.4 Max 4.0 Talstar 14:00:00 14:43:00 2 Backpack Sum 2.0 Avg 2.0 Min 2.0 Max 2.0 Backpack 06/21/2017 Cottonwood Talstar 09:04:00 10:16: Park 07/12/2017 Cottonwood Talstar 11:54:00 12:30:00 1 Park Rodeo Arena 07/17/2017 Rodeo Arean Talstar 09:12:00 11:00:00 2 and Grand Valley D 07/20/2017 Grand Valley Talstar 12:17:00 13:09: Days Part 2 08/03/2017 Cottonwood Talstar 12:31:00 13:22: Park Movie in the P 08/04/2017 Cottonwood Talstar 09:53:00 10:40:00 1 Park Movie in the P Backpack Sum 8.2 Avg 1.4 Min 1.0 Max 2.0 Truck 05/31/2017 Cottonwood Pursuit 20:28:00 21:09:00 6 Park Area 06/06/2017 Town Limit N Pursuit 20:03:00 20:51:00 7 of I 70 06/08/2017 Cottonwood Pursuit 20:43:00 21:14:00 5 Park 06/15/2017 Town Limit S Pursuit 20:19:00 21:15: of I 70 06/22/2017 Cottonwood Pursuit 21:08:00 21:48: Park 06/29/2017 town limit Pursuit 20:10:00 21:20: /06/2017 Cottonwood Pursuit 21:22:00 21:53:00 5 Park 07/13/2017 Town Limit S Pursuit 20:29:00 21:03:00 6 of I 70 07/20/2017 Town Limit Pursuit 20:00:00 20:05: /27/2017 Town Limit S Pursuit 20:54:00 21:28:00 6 of I 70 08/03/2017 Town Limit Pursuit 20:33:00 21:11:00 5 South of I-70 08/17/2017 Cottonwood Pursuit 20:25:00 20:58:00 6 Park Area 08/23/2017 Cottonwood Pursuit 20:45:00 21:22:00 6 Park Truck Sum

32 Rifle, Town of Silt, Town of Avg 5.8 Min 0.0 Max 14.0 Backpack 06/30/2017 Centennial Talstar 07:31:00 08:09: Park 07/27/2017 Fairgrounds Talstar 12:25:00 13:25: Backpack Sum 3.5 Avg 1.8 Min 1.7 Max 1.8 Truck 06/22/2017 Willow Creek Pursuit 20:40:00 20:55: Village 06/22/2017 Lions Park Pursuit 20:39:00 20:55:00 2 Rest Area 06/22/2017 Centennial Pursuit 21:01:00 21:26: park and Fairground 06/28/2017 Lions Park Pursuit 20:44:00 20:58:00 2 Rest Area 06/28/2017 centennial Pursuit 21:04:00 21:26:00 3 park and Fairground 07/05/2017 Lions Rest Pursuit 21:15:00 21:28:00 2 Area 07/10/2017 West 2nd and Pursuit 20:02:00 20:48:00 9 US6 07/17/2017 West 2nd Pursuit 20:18:00 20:55:00 8 US6 Acess Road 07/20/2017 Lions Rest Pursuit 20:50:00 21:09:00 2 Area 07/20/2017 Lions Park Pursuit 20:58:00 21:09:00 2 Rest Area 07/25/2017 Lions Park Pursuit 20:33:00 20:46:00 2 Rest Area 07/26/2017 RMS Pursuit 21:01:00 21:21:00 4 Centennial Park and Fairgr Truck Sum 41.1 Truck 06/07/2017 Roundabout Marsh area 07/05/2017 Kum and Go Marsh Avg 3.4 Min 1.9 Max 9.0 Pursuit 20:45:00 20:53: Pursuit 20:57:00 21:02:00 1 Truck Sum 1.9 Avg 1.0 Min 0.9 Max 1.0 Grand Total

33 Vector Disease Control International Larvicide Data Summary by REPORT DATE: 4/19/2017 to 10/19/2017 by ACCOUNT: BM, CD, GF, GW, NC, PR, RF, SI Total Site Inspections No. Wet Sites Percentage Wet Sites No Sites Treated Percentage Breeding* Total Acres Treated Battlement Mesa % 50 81% 23.5 Carbondale, Town of % % 22.8 Garfield County Unincorporated % % Glenwood Springs, City of % 37 52% 0.9 New Castle, Town of % % 32.2 Parachute, Town of % % 90.8 Rifle, Town of % % 74.4 Silt, Town of % 73 61%