IEA Bioenergy Task 37 Seminar Programme for the Ludlow meeting, UK, 17 April, 2008

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1 IEA Bioenergy Task 37 Seminar Programme for the Ludlow meeting, UK, 17 April, 2008 Digestate (AD-digested manure) utilisation and management Biofertilizer optimal recycling! Fertilizer quality Post-treatment and application by Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen Head of Centre for Bioenergy University of Southern Denmark and Aalborg University Esbjerg Niels Bohrs Vej 8-9, DK-6700 Esbjerg Tel. (direct): , cell: Homepage:

2 Source: IPCC Development in global mean temperature

3 Changes in the water balance in the 2050 ties IPCC, 2002

4 More than biogas production Environment Agriculture Biogas Energy

5 Biogas for a sustainable clean environment LIGHT PHOTOSYNTHESIS O 2 ANIMAL MANURE BIOFERTILISER H 2 O CO 2 ORGANIC WASTE BIOGAS PLANT CHP-GENERATION BIOGAS AS VEHICLE FUEL

6 Manure based co-digestion biogas plant - the basic joint biogas concept Animal Animal manure manure and and slurry slurry from from local local farms farms Dairy Dairy and and cattle cattle slurry slurry Pig Pig slurry slurry Poultry Poultry manure manure INPUTS Organic Organic wastes wastes Waste Waste from from food food processing processing industries industries Vegetable Vegetable and and catering catering waste waste Household Household waste, waste, source source separated separated Homogenisation Pasteurisation Digestion and gas production Biogas Plant Odour reduction Fibre and liquid separation Nutritionally defined product Agricultural biofertiliser * Improved utilisation of plant nutrients Reduced consumption of mineral fertilisers Reduced water pollution Disease and weed seed free biofertiliser Separated fibre/soil improver OUTPUTS Biogas for combined heat and power generation Renewable energy source Displacement of fossil fuel CO2 - neutral Reduced air pollution Effective energy utilisation

7 . Ribe Biogas; 15 years of production, m3 biogas/day. Source J. B. Holm-Nielsen, Bioenergy Dept., SDU, Denmark.

8 Danish Renewable law in Febr = 2-3 times more biogas production capacity expt. 3-5 years Manure based biogas plants: 20 centralised plants - now new plants since farm scale plants - triple their number during last years 1.5 mill tonnes manure / year ( 5 % of total ) 0,4 mill tonnes organic waste / year A number of new projects in the pipeline! Centralised plants Farm-scale plants New biogas plant projects

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10 Estimated amounts of animal manure in EU-27 (based on Faostat, 2003), JBHN, TAS. POP Country Cattle Pigs Cattle Pigs Cattle manure Pig manure Total manure [1000Heads] [1000Heads] 1000livestock units 1000livestock units [10 6 tons] [10 6 tons] [10 6 tons] Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech R Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden U.K EU

11 Energy potential of pig and cattle manure in EU-27 Total manure Biogas Methane Potential Potential [10 6 tons] [10 6 m 3 ] [10 6 m 3 ] [PJ] [Mtoe] 1,578 31,568 20, Methane heat of combustion: 40.3 MJ/m 3 ; 1 Mtoe = 44.8 PJ Assumed methane content in biogas: 65%

12 Methane potential originated from energy crops from 5% of the arable land in EU-27 with the cropping yield equal to 10, 20, and 30 tts/ha Energy crop yield 10 tts/ha 20 tts/ha 30 tts/ha Methane potential 25.3 billion m 3 CH billion m 3 CH billion m 3 CH Mtoe 45.5 Mtoe 68.5 Mtoe

13 Source: European Commission 182 Mtoe can be achieved from biomass cultivated on 20% of arable land in EU-27. This corresponds to more than 10% of primary energy demand in 2020, equals 50-60% of the RES share.

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15 Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction Utilisation of organic waste co-digestion increased gas production gate fee reduced costs for industry new types of biomass: energy crops animal by-products Type of waste Tonnes Gut and stomach content Fat / flotation sludge Feeding factories Fish industry Fruit and vegetables 3600 Breweries 800 Bakeries 1900 Dairies Pectin industry 7000 Bleech earth Tanneries 2300 Pharmaceutical industry Concentrated fat waste 2600 Waste from water supply 1600 Other industrial waste Sewage sludge Household and catering waste Total DK-Joint biogas plants 2002

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18 Main measures contributing to veterinary safe recycling of co-digested animal manure Livestock health control: No animal manure and slurries will be supplied from any livestock with health problems Feedstock selection and control. Hazardous biomass types are excluded from anaerobic digestion and canalised towards suitable, safe treatment and disposal methods Pre-treatment/sanitation of feedstock - Pressure sterilisation: C, 3 bar, for 20 minutes for category 2, except for manure Pasteurization: 70 0 C, for 1 hour for category 3 Regularly control of the efficiency of pathogen reduction

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20 Pre-Treatment Hygienic step if recycling nutrients Separate unit to guarantee of retention time Elimination of pathogens and weeds

21 Digested slurry is low on germs Log 10 germs per ml slurry Test results from Ribe Biogas, bacteria per ml. slurry (1998) Date Mar. 18 May 13 July 15 Sept. 9 Nov. 11 Before 1,300, , ,000 9,000,000 62,000 After <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 Slurry tank, 6-8 C Mesofile biogas, 35 C Termofil biogas, 53 C Time, weeks Source: Danish Agricultural Advisory Centre, Aarhus, DK

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23 Advantages of biogas plants Utilisation of organic waste Greenhouse gas reduction Redistribution of manure efficient transportation from livestock farmers to plant producers from farm to field kilometers distance

24 Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction Utilisation of organic waste Redistribution of manure Organic fertiliser declarated nutrient content free of pathogens and weed seeds Kg/ton Total N: 5,0 NH4-N: 4,0 P: 0,9 K: 2,8

25 Fertilizer value Utilization of nitrogen, % of commercial fertilizer Pig slurry Cattle slurry Digested slurry Winter wheat Spring barley Source: Danish Agricultural National Advisory Centre, Aarhus, DK

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29 Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction Utilisation of organic waste Redistribution of manure Organic fertiliser Smell from slurry reduced thinner liquid disperses quicker into soil less complaints from neighbours easier to find fields for spreading digested than raw slurry

30 Foto: Torben Skøtt, BioPress

31 Biogas and separation

32 Fordele ved at kombinere gylle- separering med biogasproduktion Stordriftsfordele De små kan også være med Ingen ekstra transport Rationel energiudnyttelse Uddannet personale Husdyrtætte områder Hygiejnisering af gyllen (Biproduktforordning!) Rationel forædling og salg

33 Biogas and separation Digested slurry Fiberfraction Decanter Liquid fraction 70 pct. P 15 pct. af volume Objectives: sustainability relations to neighbours further development of farm 80 pct. N Almost all ammonium

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36 5 forsøg med N i fiber, fiberpiller og væskefraktion til vårbyg, 2003 Udb. og merudb. 1 0 N 34, N 8, N 14, N 18, total-n i fiber 11, N total-n i fiber 15, N total-n i fiberpiller 9, NH 4 -N i væskefraktion, slangeudl. 16, NH 4 -N i væskefraktion, nedfældet 17,7 Source: Danish Agricultural Advisory Centre, Aarhus, Dk.

37 Biogas and separation Utilisation of Nitrogen in winter wheat Cattle slurry Pig slurry Digested slurry Liquid fraction

38 Advantages of biogas plants Utilisation of organic waste Redistribution of manure Organic fertiliser Greenhouse gas reduction Smell from slurry reduced Improved nitrogen utilisation Reduced risk of leaching Separation of digested biomass

39 Biogas from co-digestion of animal manure Thank you for your attention! Further information via or by contacting Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen Head of Department Department of Bioenergy University of Southern Denmark and Aalborg University Esbjerg Niels Bohrs Vej 8-9, DK-6700 Esbjerg Tel. (direct): , cell:

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