Long term R&D challenges in wind energy. or: Do we only need good engineering, or also pioneering research?

Transcription

1 Long term R&D challenges in wind energy or: Do we only need good engineering, or also pioneering research? 1

2 With a strong Dutch input 2

3 PhD seminars Workshops Summer schools Acquisition New journal, Open Access R&D discussion Thé international scientific conference for wind energy 3

4 5 MW The history of modern turbine development Lockheed, Boeing, Hamilton Standard, General Electric, Kaman Aerospace, MBB, MAN, Fokker First attempts of large (aerospace) industries 10 kw pioneers are now large world players

5 The history of modern turbine development What did we achieve? 5 MW 10 kw

6 Siemens 6MW, 75m blade

7 od-5b_wind_turbine.jpg 2012 Siemens 6MW, 75m blade 1987 Boeing 3.2MW, 49m blade

8 Development of blade design Scale: 1,5 Power: 2 Weight: 0,15 Boeing 3,2MW, 49m, 1987 rotor weight 144 ton Siemens 6MW, 75m, 2012 rotor weight 81 ton Boeing blade at Siemens scale: rotor weight 516 ton

9 Siemens 6MW, 75m blade 1985 Bonus 65kW, 7.2m blade

10 Development of blade design Scale: 10 Power: 100 Bonus 65kW, 7.4m, 1985 rotor weight 1 ton Weight: 0,08 Siemens 6MW, 75m, 2012 rotor weight 80 ton Bonus blade at Siemens scale: rotor weight 1000 ton

11 How was this achieved? Progress in knowledge of : wind, turbulence, meteorology, aerodynamics, wakes, loads, c by industry, designers, researchers, standards, institutes, certification bodies

12 Here we are now: 164 m Ø 8 MW turbine 700MW wind power station

13 Here we are now: 164 m Ø 8 MW turbine 700MW wind power station

14 Jos Beurskens After a false start we know how to make the largest rotating machines on earth, producing for 7.27 ct/kwh. are wind turbines ready? do we need more research?

15 The simple answer

16 Were airplanes ready after the Dakota, or the 1 st Boeing 707? 011/11/boeing-707.jpg The simple answer

17 size, cost, value for society

18 The somewhat more dedicated answer

19 Specifications for continued R&D Modern turbines / wind power plants Have to operate 20 y in harsh climates Will be 100% recyclable, mass-produced and installed in huge numbers Providing reliable power, practically without maintenance Serving a significant part of the electricity demand At low costs

20 Given these specs, asked itself What are the steps in science and technology of wind power that make this possible? Where do we have insufficient knowledge? Are we on the right track with science?

21 Table of Content

22 Table of Content

23 Wind / turbulence Wind turbines operate at an unexplored height Not of interest for built environment, fishery, ship traffic Lower than air traffic and dominant weather phenomena Understanding and modeling of turbulence is the main problem: coherent structures? low-level jets? Interaction between scales?

24 Scales of turbulence and (unsteady) aerodynamics Weather patterns 1000 km Clusters of wind farms 100 km Wind farm 10 km Wind turbine to turbine 1 km Rotor 100 m Aerofoil 1 m Aerofoil boundary layer 1 mm

25 Aerodynamics Modern computer programmes are powerful, but Hampered by the scale and turbulence issue Time consuming, not so well suited for diagnostics Many off-design conditions are out of scope, physical understanding is limited (dynamic effects, wake to wake,..) Measurements needed to improve understanding

26 Materials and structures The scale: own weight becomes a problem, requirements with respect to strength-stiffness- price difficult to match The standard fatigue knowledge may not be sufficient, in particular not for multi-scale modelling Multi-axial varying loads? Can we make our own material? Maybe, do we know the specs?

27 Offshore conditions An urgent need to go back to basics. Some key words : Wave-structure interaction Soil structure interaction. Degradation of soil stiffness over 20 y lifetime due to cyclic stresses. There is life beyond potential flow and linear wave theory Efficient wind-wave prediction models Full scale validation of time-domain dynamic response of structure to wind, wave, current Structural health monitoring, able to capture extreme events

28 Jos Beurskens

29 Read & Enjoy Open access downloadable at

30 /Havvindmoeller/kap03.htm Nysted offshore wind farm

31 Asset Management: how to operate large scale wind power?

32 New concepts??? Blades with control surfaces along the span But without maintenance?

33 Or this? Floating offshore wind turbine with a Vertical Axis

34 The return of the two-blader? By Dutch company 2BEnergy

35 Or this? No yaw bearing, down wind Aerofoil shaped tower cross section Because of guy wires, tower bending moments are low Largest chord 6 m Installation in harbour

36 High Altitude Kite Power

37 the future of wind power The End of this presentation

38