A comprehensive capability.

Transcription

1 3 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions A comprehensive capability. International plant construction for chemistry, gas supply, biotechnology and pharmaceutics.

2 02 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions Extensive knowledge is the basis. Flexibility provides opportunities. The successful realisation of large-scale projects on an international level depends on the efficient coordination of many factors. In order to develop complex process chains in an economical and time-saving manner, we offer our clients comprehensive know-how in project management and engineering. Our continuous quality awareness and professional contract management skills provide the basis for a smooth project flow. Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH is one of the leading companies worldwide in the design, delivery and construction of chemical, gas, biotechnological and pharmaceutical plants. Commissioned by private and national clients, our engineers and managers successfully carry out projects of various sizes.

3 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions 03 Short paths and safe investments Our business activities Our corporate setup is an essential advantage. On the one hand, as a subsidiary of The Linde Group, we offer you the reliability needed for long-term investment decisions. On the other hand, the high flexibility of Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH allows for fast implementations. We realise Linde processes as well as licensed and customer-owned processes. Project management 33 Project control 33 Quality assurance and cost control 33 Scheduling and expediting 33 Contract management 33 Control 33 QHSE management 33 After-sales service One-stop project realisation At every stage of a project, dedicated customer focus has top priority. Starting from the very first contact, our project teams are at your disposal to help you with almost anything from carrying out feasibility studies or obtaining a permit to handling complex logistical tasks or finding financing solutions for your plant. See for yourself. Project development services Engineering 33 Basic and detailed engineering 33 Process design 33 Process calculation 33 Safety analyses 33 Authority permit engineering 33 Equipment specification 33 Material specification and strength calculation 33 Automation 33 Electrical engineering 33 Construction engineering 33 Civil and steel structure 33 Plant design 33 As-built documentation 33 Technical design 33 Front-end engineering 33 Feasibility studies 33 Market analyses 33 Financial models 33 Procurement of licenses 33 Profitability analyses Procurement 33 Global sourcing and purchasing of all plant components 33 Expediting and shipping Construction and start-up 33 Planning of construction and start-up 33 Supervision of civil and construction works 33 Construction 33 Commissioning and start-up supervision 33 Operator training For pharmaceutical plants 33 Qualification (DQ, IQ, OQ)

4 04 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions Networked engineering. From the initial idea to the hand-over of keys. Engineering tasks are the main focus of project development. For each construction phase, our specialists work out complete solutions from conceptual engineering, authority permit engineering as well as basic and detailed engineering and procurement through to construction logistics, construction and plant start-up. As we support our clients with proven and tested know-how in all technological, logistical and administrative concerns, Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH often acts as a general contractor.

5 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions 05 More efficient and effective with IMS The Integrated Management System (IMS) of Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH comprises the management of processes, quality (Q), health protection (H), safety (S) and environmental protection (E). Well-defined phase models with gates and hold points are used to optimise the organi sation of the plant projects, providing a clearly structured work and document flow and gathering information. Into this complex and interdisci plinary process, we also integrate construction sites and subcontractors, thus obtaining solutions that are optimised in terms of time and quality. Our commitment to continuous improvement is supported with the aid of Six Sigma by internal improvement projects. QHSE policy In order to meet the high demands on QHSE during the implementation of projects all over the world, Linde has introduced a QHSE policy, which embraces the following objectives: zero incidents, safe and healthy working conditions for all employees and involved partners, prevention of environmental pollution and re spon - sible use of natural resources. Using design reviews to plan ahead Virtual three-dimensional plant models help improve the coordination of our engineering processes, lending transparency and speed to each and every stage of planning. The early and regular involvement of our clients in PID, design reviews and HAZOPS allows for timely corrections or change requests in engineering. This prevents expensive changes later in the process. Software for process optimisation Project management/controlling 33 Linde Project Management System 33 SAP R/3, SAP-PS 33 PRIMAVERA, MS Project 33 Documentum, Lotus Notes 33 ProCorr Conceptual and basic engineering 33 UniSim with Linde Physical Property Database and Aspen Plus 33 HTRI, HTFS, MUSE, MULE 33 Linde Process and Equipment Workbench 33 PDS 2D/Smart Plant 2D 33 MARIAN 33 Microprotol Detailed engineering 33 PDS 3D 33 Design Review 33 Speedikon 33 Isogen 33 CAESAR II 33 PLANEDS 33 INTOOLS, Sigraph 33 Logidoc, CONVAL Procurement 33 SAP-MM 33 eprocure Construction/start-up Linde Site Management System Welding Supervision Documentation and other Linde-branded programs

6 06 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions

7 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions 07 Every nut, bolt and screw. Building chemical and gas plants with detailed knowledge means advance in quality. For decades, Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH has been engineering and constructing chemical and gas plants worldwide with great success. Well-founded technical know-how and the free choice of the suitable processes on the basis of own or third party licenses provide our customers with the best possible flexibility and planning reliability. Thus, the application of the ideal technology is assured for every project, most notably to achieve the highest possible plant efficiency. Our wide range of services ranging from technologies for gas separation and gas purification to air separation up to chemical and petrochemical plants is the basis for a successful cooperation. Our core competence lies in polyolefin plants (polyethylene and polypropylene plants) and air separation plants. Our services provide relief For a smooth project execution, a comprehensive general plan fulfilling all demands is essential. Additionally, our service package includes a range of services that provide verifiable benefits. We carry out feasibility studies, take care of time-consuming approval procedures with the help of our authority permit engineering and develop all necessary safety concepts. In international projects, we also manage the collaboration with local partners in consortiums or joint ventures. In this manner, we facilitate cooperation and achieve the best results. With our global procurement of plant components, we achieve cost-effective and time-optimised package solutions. Modernisation increases economic efficiency In addition to the construction of new turnkey plants, we also modernise production complexes to increase economic efficiency. Using our process engineering know-how, we are also able to modernise older plants to state of the art. As we know every detail of our clients plants, our customers benefit particularly from a long-term cooperation. In doing so, we are able to develop plant modifications or replace components to proven Linde quality standards without long familiarisation phases. Our plant spectrum includes 33 Polyolefin plants 33 Air separation and liquefaction plants 33 Gas purification and gas separation plants 33 CO2 plants 33 Synthesis gas plants 33 a-olefin plants and revamps of olefin plants 33 Storage tank plants 33 Plant revamps

8 08 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions Flowing smoothly. The implementation of complex procedures requires flexible processes. Polyethylene plant in Litvinov

9 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions 09 Polypropylene plant in Bratislava Polyethylene plant in Al-Jubail In a wide variety of projects, Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH demonstrates professional know-how, flexibility and customer-oriented project realisation. Taken from a multitude of constructed plants, the following examples account for the company s performance capability. Polyethylene plant Chemopetrol, Litvinov, Czech Republic This plant has a capacity of 200,000 tonnes of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) per year. The UNIPOL PE technology for the plant is licensed by Univation Technologies. Ethylene and the comonomers butene or hexene react in a UNIPOL fluidised bed reactor producing granular HDPE. Granular HDPE is mixed with additives, melted in the ex - truder and then processed into pellets. These pellets are used in the plastic processing industry for the production of consumer goods, such as plastic bags, packaging foil or yogurt cups. Polypropylene plant Slovnaft, Bratislava, Slovak Republic This project was executed by Linde-KCA on a turnkey basis. In addition to the process plant with the UNIPOL reactors and the extruder, the entire facility for pellet handling and various auxiliary facilities were included in the scope of supply. The plant produces 255,000 tonnes of homopolymer as well as impact and random copolymer polypropylene every year. These are further processed into carpet fibres, packaging foils, breathable textiles or car bumpers. The fact that Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH could offer single point responsibility for all services provided the basis for the successful realisation of the project. Included in this re - sponsibility was the coordination of all parties, particularly of Dow Chemical as the licenser for the UNIPOL PP technology. The plant was handed over in September Since then, it has been producing polypropylene of the highest quality. Polyethylene plant Sharq, Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia In 2005, Linde-KCA was awarded the contract to construct a turnkey polyethylene plant (HDPE/LLDPE) in Saudi Arabia. The plant consists of two reactor lines, which each have a capacity of 400,000 tonnes per year. In addition to the process steps (pre-purification of the ethylene and polymerisation, degassing and extrusion of the product), the plant also incorporates the conditioning of the reaction catalyst. The finished product is temporarily stored in silos and is later packed in 25-kg bags or bulk packs or transported unpacked in containers.

10 10 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions Air separation plant Linde Gas Romania, Valcea, Romania The production of technical gases from air is carried out without further feedstocks and is therefore very environmentally friendly. In the process, air is compressed, cooled, purified and separated into individual gases through cryogenic rectification. The plant in Valcea supplies, amongst others, the adjacent chemical plant with gaseous nitrogen and oxygen. An emergency supply system ensures that gas is continuously supplied to the chemical plant even during production failures. The control of the plant is basically automated. Moreover, a load adjustment system compensates for fluctuations in gas demand in order to ensure an energetically optimised operation. Linde-KCA was responsible for the engineering, procurement, construction and start-up. Delivery and construction was mainly performed using local companies. Air separation plant in Valcea Oxy-fuel plant at the Schwarze Pumpe site

11 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions 11 LAO plant in Al-Jubail Oxy-fuel plant, Vattenfall Power Generation, Schwarze Pumpe, and CO 2 flue gas wash unit, RWE Power AG, Niederaussem, Germany From now on, power plants have to intensify their efforts to bring their technologies in line with the prevention of climate-relevant greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. In many respects, Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH is also involved in the development of eco-friendly processes. Good examples are the air separation unit and the CO 2 plant for the world s first pilot installation of a CO 2 -reduced lignite coal power plant according to the oxy-fuel process, which was built in Germany by Vattenfall. Another example is the pilot plant for CO 2 washing (PCC pro cess) in Niederaussem, which is constructed in cooperation with RWE and BASF and will be commissioned in summer The CO 2 separated in the oxy-fuel plant at Schwarze Pumpe is purified and liquefied in the Linde-built plant and is stored in specially insulated bulk tanks. The CO 2 can later be compressed deep beneath the surface of the earth in another pilot installation. For the company Gaz de France, Linde-KCA designed a plant for the intermediate storage, compression and evaporation of CO 2 and built it in Maxdorf. Linear Alpha-Olefins plant (LAO plant) Jubail United Petrochemical Company, Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia This plant with a capacity of 150,000 tonnes/ year was designed and built by Linde-KCA as the world s first large-scale plant according to the a-sablin process from Sabic and Linde. The scope of supply included the process plant as well as a surface flare system and a tank farm for the LAO products and toluene. Linear Alpha-Olefins (LAO) serve as copolymers in plastics manufacturing, as raw material for detergents and syn thetic lubricants, and as plasticisers. On the one hand, the distinctive features of the a-sablin process are based upon the use of two special catalysts which allow the highly flexible control of the distribution between the LAO products. On the other hand, the pro cess is characterised by low operating temper atures ( C) and operating pressures (20 30 bar) as well as by a high product purity.

12 12 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions Expertise in red and white. We build innovative biotechnological plants. In the 19 th century, Linde made a groundbreaking contribution to the technological advancement of the biotechnological plants of that time the breweries by developing and constructing refrigerating machines. Today, we can provide first-class references for biotech plants in the pharmaceutical industry ( Red ) and other industry sectors ( White ). The expertise of Linde s plant construction in the area of biotechnology is concentrated in the hand of Linde-KCA- Dresden GmbH. Focus on time to market In the design and construction of biotechnological plants, the key factors time to market and product quality assurance are the focus of our work. From early on, parallel to research and development, we support you in process development and the creation of functional and economical plants. During feasibility studies, we analyse the process transfer risks and estimate the investment cost to provide a solid basis for your investment decision. Using potentials for White Biotechnology Price changes and availability, especially of oil-based re - sources, as well as the technological revolution in the life sciences are the driving forces of the technological advancement in industrial biotechnology. Linde supports this process actively as a technological company. As a renowned plant manufacturer, we can rely on the expertise gathered in our traditional fields of activity chemical, pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical plants. Our clients can thus benefit from knowledge synergies in planning and process handling. Our broad range of references re - garding the type of plants and the size of projects allows us to handle your project with the highest technical and organisational efficiency. Integrated and efficient project handling As a result of globalisation, mergers and the successful market launch of innovative products, the size and requirements of projects have steadily increased in recent years. We are able to meet these economic challenges as we profit from the synergies of our company-wide experience, the combination of our competencies as well as the strong and close cooperation with investors and planning partners. Our experts not only take over the complete process planning but also lead and coordinate all skills involved in plant design and construction. Our spectrum includes plants for 33 Industrial (White) Biotechnology 33 Pharmaceutical (Red) Biotechnology 33 Active pharmaceutical ingredients 33 Fractionation of blood plasma 33 Pharmaceutical finished dosage forms 33 Food additives 33 Fine chemicals

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14 14 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions White Biotechnology for industrial plants. The key for the future. In White Biotechnology, industrial production takes advantage of the toolkit of nature. Across many industry sectors, this technology gains more and more importance. Generally, it is applied wherever it is economically superior to purely chemical processes due to the utilisation of renewable resources as well as its highly specific reactions, efficiency and eco-friendliness. Driving force for technological developments The highest economic potential lies in the production of organic bulk chemicals, which, up to now, were predominantly produced petrochemically. White Biotechnology requires the application of alternative technologies, whose common distinguishing feature is a close interlocking of biotechnological and chemical process steps. The task of engineering, therefore, is to actively participate in the development of new processes and combinations of process steps. Pioneer driven by innovations With all its strength, Linde is committed to the urgently needed thrust of innovation. In addition to our interdisciplinary experience, the know-how of our engineers and biotechnological experts particularly provides the basis for the development and implementation of novel processes. On this basis, our goal for the future will be to advance White Biotechnology with economical processes and to continually extend its range of applications.

15 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions 15 Plants for the production of carbohydrates Carbohydrates, such as cellulose, starch and sugar, are dominant resources for both White Biotechnology and the chemical industry of the future. Plants for the production of various carbohydrates from plant material therefore form the backbone of the advancement of this key industry. In this area, Linde built a turnkey, large-scale plant for the production of functional carbohydrates for a member of the Cargill Group in Malchin, Germany. Starch is a very versatile resource. It is either separated into glucose molecules and fermented or processed directly into technical products such as biodegradable plastics. Linde-KCA demonstrates its expertise in this area with the construction of innovative starch factories as well as plants for the biotechnological and chemical processing of starch. Biorefineries with high potential The processes in biorefineries constitute an integrated production of chemical products and energy carriers. In biorefineries, sugar, starch, cellulose, fats, proteins and others are converted into intermediates by biotechnological and chemical processes and are then used as components for synthesis of chemical products. Particularly the renewable raw material lignocellulose will be the dominant resource for biorefineries. This is available in vast amounts almost all over the world and does not compete with the food industry. Various processes are applied for its utilisation, from chemo-physical decomposition to enzymatic degradation. In cooperation with research institutes and the manufacturing industry, Linde-KCA will develop own subprocesses for biorefineries and construct complete plants. Turnkey monoplant for the production of pectin in Malchin, Germany Plants for the food, animal feed, textile, detergent, paper, cosmetics, agricultural and energy industry etc. In these areas, White Biotechnology is a traditional and very diverse application. However, today it also functions as a driving force for technological advancement. In multiple processes, improved micro-organisms or highly specific and resistant enzymes are applied as catalysts by means of biomolecular methods. The construction of plants for the large-scale production, processing and application of special micro-organisms and technical enzymes is one of our core competencies. We can therefore offer our clients a wide range of innovative processes for the design and construction of these plants.

16 16 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions Red Biotechnology for pharmaceutical plants. State-of-the-art high-tech plants from Linde. Production of monoclonal antibodies in Basel Insulin plant in Frankfurt

17 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions 17 In the area of Red Biotechnology, Linde-KCA can provide a wide range of first-class references, including the already classic biotechnology, e. g. antibiotics production and stereospecific steroid transformation as well as conventional plants for vaccines, animal insulin and large-scale protein fractionation from human blood plasma. In addition, we offer state-of-the-art plants for innovative top products, such as recombinant human insulin, erythropoietin or monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy and diagnostics. We construct such plants based on customer-owned processes or the technologies of established licensers. The following selected reference plants demonstrate the ability of our experts to ensure on-time performance and cost-optimised solutions even under such difficult circumstances as narrow space conditions or construction during ongoing production. Plant for the production of monoclonal antibodies F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland When Milstein, Köhler and Jerne were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their groundbreaking invention for the production of monoclonal antibodies, no one could imagine the dimensions of today s plants for monoclonal antibodies. In this technology of the future, Linde-KCA can present an outstanding reference: the design of the new MAB plant in the city centre of Basel as main contractor for F. Hoffmann- La Roche. This project is an impressive example of successful transfer of innovative ideas from molecular biology in laboratory scale into large-scale production plants utilising groundbreaking inventions for medicine. The realisation of the large-scale production would not have been possible with out the extraordinary multidisciplinary cooperation of engineers, technicians and natural scientists. This example is able to demonstrate the flexibility of Linde-KCA to adapt their own scope of performance to the current requirements of a new technology within a short period of time. Plant for the production of insulin Sanofi-Aventis, Frankfurt, Germany Nowadays, more and more biotechnologically produced pharmaceuticals, so-called biopharmaceuticals, are among the top products of the pharmaceutical industry. The production plant for insulin in Frankfurt is one of the world s most modern plants for recombinant human insulin. With insulin glargin (tradename Lantus ), this plant produces one of the most important products of Sanofi-Aventis for the world market. The starting point for the realisation of this tailormade Lantus plant was a customer-owned process which had to be transformed from a pilot plant scale to a largescale plant. The scope of Linde-KCA was the general planning of the project, including basic and detailed engineering as well as procurement, civil engineering, construction, commissioning and qualification. Multi-purpose pilot plant (kilo lab) for the production of new active pharmaceutical ingredients F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland API plant in Basel The development of new pharmaceuticals from research to market readiness is usually long, full of risks, expensive and under high pressure in terms of time to market. Plants of the kilo lab type play a key role in this process. Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) which are, at first, only available in tiny amounts are produced in kilogram scale in kilo labs in order to have sufficient material for toxicological testing and clinical trials on human beings. Only after its efficacy and safety has been verified, the product can gain authorisation and permission for large-scale production. Only a small number of all the substances that pass through the kilo lab actually will reach the market as a new drug. That s why flexibility has top priority. The new kilo lab was designed as a multi-purpose pilot plant and integrated into the existing building of a previous plant. Narrow space conditions and the construction during ongoing production posed special challenges. Our plant development using 3 D CAD offered decisive benefits: planning optimisation with the operators directly in front of the screen, improvement of planning reliability, integration of existing piping and parts of the old plant into the 3-D model and accurate offsite prefabrication of piping.

18 18 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions Planting seeds for the future. Our customers success is our success. With innovative technologies and our employees extensive know-how, we are consistently turning our customers goals into our own in a fair, transparent and cost-conscious manner. Therefore, every plant we build is a reference for the next one creative in its concept, efficient in its implementation. As one of the leading companies in the planning and construction of chemical, gas, biotechnological and pharmaceutical plants, we offer our customers the security of consistently high quality standards. In cooperation with reliable business partners, we combine capacity and expertise in order to realise projects of any dimension. We regard every assignment as a chance to define a new market standard and to expand our strong international position. Driven by our own performance capability, it is our goal to make the name Linde a globally recognised seal of quality, with plants that speak for themselves and for us. Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH Headquarters Regional offices Postal address: Postal office box Dresden Germany House address: Bodenbacher Strasse Dresden Germany Phone +49.(0) Fax +49.(0) lkca.dresden@linde-kca.com Office Region Basel Wallbrunnstrasse Lörrach Germany Phone +49.(0) Fax +49.(0) lkca.loerrach@linde-kca.com Office Moscow , Moscow Letnikovskaja ul. 10 building 2, 8th floor Russia Phone Fax lkca.moskau@linde-kca.com

19 Linde-KCA-Dresden solutions 19

20 Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH Bodenbacher Strasse 80, Dresden, Germany Phone +49.(0) , Fax +49.(0) , I.P1e.0904

21 The Linde Engineering Division

22 2 Contents. 3 Introduction Introduction to The Linde Group Activities of the Engineering Division 4 Linde plants Chemical and petrochemical plants Hydrogen and synthesis gas plants Gas processing plants Natural gas plants Natural gas liquefaction plants Alpha olefin plants Air separation plants Hydrogen and synthesis gas plants Pressure swing adsorption plants Cryogenic plants Biotechnological plants Manufacturing 8 Contact

23 3 Introduction. Introduction to The Linde Group The Linde Group has a world-wide reputation as a producer of industrial gases, an engineering contractor with its own process know-how and a manufacturer of industrial equipment. The original firm Gesellschaft für Linde s Eismaschinen, started in 1879 by refrigeration pioneer Carl von Linde, has grown into a corporation occupying the front rank of suppliers in its present day field of activity gas and engineering as well as logistic services. The Linde Group operates in around 100 countries with almost 52,000 employees. It achieved sales of EUR billion in the 2008 financial year. The Engineering Division in Pullach near Munich (Germany), with more than 30 subsidiaries and affiliates, has around 5,900 employees all over the globe. Activities of the Engineering Division Linde designs and builds turn-key plants and supplies all services for process engineering projects. Linde plants are used in a wide variety of fields: in the petrochemical and chemical industries, in refineries and fertilizer plants, to recover air gases, to produce hydrogen and synthesis gases, to treat and liquefy natural gas, and in the pharmaceutical industry. The wide spectrum of Linde technologies is characterized by the scope of temperatures applied, ranging from -271 C in a cryogenic plant for liquid helium up to +1,200 C in the cracking process of an olefin plant. The Engineering Division is successful throughout the world, with its focus on promising market segments such as olefin plants, natural gas plants and air separation plants, as well as hydrogen and synthesis gas plants. In contrast to virtually all our competitors, we are able to call on our own extensive process engineering know-how in the planning, project development and construction of turnkey industrial plants. 3

24 4 Linde plants. Chemical and petrochemical plants Linde offers technologies for a wide range of petrochemical plants, such as turnkey plant complexes for the production and recovery of - ethylene, - propylene, - acetylene, - butadiene, - gasoline and - aromatic compounds from - ethane, - propane, - LPG, - naphtha, - gas oil, - hydrocracker residues, - natural gas condensates and - refinery gases. In addition to these plants for primary conversion of petrochemical raw materials, Linde can offer plants for downstream products like polyethylene and polypropylene. Linde s portfolio also includes process and refinery furnaces for petrochemical companies, refineries, gas processing concerns, steel producers, the pharmaceutical industry and environmental engineering groups. Hydrogen and synthesis gas plants Linde has the know-how and the experience to plan, design, supply and construct complete plants for the production of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and mixtures of these two gases (synthesis gas) as well as ammonia and methanol from the feedstocks: natural gas, liquefied gas, naphtha, residual oil and coal. Gas processing plants Gas processing plants are a group of single process units offered by Linde which include a great deal of proprietary process and component manufacturing know-how. They serve for the purification and separation of gas mixtures and are based on physical and chemical scrubbing processes. The following processes are used in Linde s modern plant design: - Partial condensation processes - Liquid methane washes - Carbon dioxide liquefaction - Liquid nitrogen washes - Separation of hydrogen and LPG from refinery fuel gas - Purge gas separation - Pressure swing adsorption - Physical and chemical washes Ethylene plant in Antwerp, Belgium

25 5 LNG plant in Hammerfest, Norway Natural gas plants Cryogenic processes represent the most economic solutions for separating natural gas components. Nitrogen removal is used for conditioning natural gas and leads to reduced transportation volumes and an increased heating value. When present, the recovery of helium can be combined with nitrogen removal. High purity helium is produced by the combination of cryogenic and pressure swing adsorption process steps. NGL, LPG and condensate as well as the pure components methane, ethane, propane and butane often have higher sales values compared to the pipeline gas itself. Therefore, they are often extracted and fractionated in tailor made process plants according to the specific requirements of the regional market and the customers. Natural gas liquefaction plants Calling on more than 125 years of experience as a cryogenic plant designer, Linde is able to offer natural gas liquefaction plants based on its proprietary technology on a turn-key basis for a wide range of uses and capacities: - World-scale baseload LNG plants - Small to mid-scale base load and peak-shaving plants - LNG Floating Production Storage and Offloading vessel (FPSO) Natural gas typically contains a mixture of methane and heavier hydrocarbon gases, as well as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water and a range of undesired components. Undesired components must be removed and the heavier hydrocarbons must be separated prior to liquefying and transporting natural gas. This involves a combination of adsorptive, absorptive and cryogenic processes - all of which are part of Linde s core competence. Alpha olefin plants Alpha olefins are unsaturated linear hydrocarbons with a double bond between the first and the second carbon atom. Alpha olefins are primary used as copolymers in polyethylene and polypropylene production. Adding alpha olefins to the above mentioned polymers increases flexibility and strength in the end product. 1-hexene is most commonly used, but 1-octene and 1-pentene are also used by the polymer producers. Alpha olefins have traditionally been produced by oligomerisation of ethylene. Extract of these components from coal-to-liquid product streams is an alternative production method. Linde has a proven track record for the execution alpha olefin projects, based on technologies jointly developed with key clients. The Engineering Division offers all the required processes for pretreatment and separation of natural gas as well as the extraction of NGL, LPG, nitrogen and helium. Combined with Linde s project execution know-how, these processes can be implemented on a turn-key basis for all manner of natural gas projects. In addition to its engineering capabilities, the Engineering Division is also a manufacturer of key cryogenic equipment. This puts Linde in the unique position to select the most suitable type of heat exchanger - brazed aluminium plate-fin or coil-wound - dependant on the project requirement.

26 6 Air separation plants Air separation plants generally produce oxygen, nitrogen, argon and - in some special cases - other rare gases (krypton, xenon, helium, neon) by cryogenic rectification of air. The products can be produced in gaseous form for pipeline supply or as cryogenic liquids for storage and distribution by truck. Linde has built approx. 2,800 cryogenic air separation plants in more than 80 countries and has the leading market position for air separation plants. This position results from the outstanding technology, high quality and reliability of our plants, containing a high proportion of in-house manufactured components, together with effective contract execution. Packaged air separation plants are modularly designed cryogenic plants with a daily production capacity of up to 450 tons (13,000 Nm³/h) oxygen or up to 900 tons (30,000 Nm³/h) nitrogen. If required these plants can also produce argon. Within the last 20 years Linde has built approx. 500 packaged air separation plants. Tonnage air separation plants are plants that are individually designed for the specific demands of our customers. These plants can produce oxygen, nitrogen, argon, krypton, xenon, helium, and neon. Oxygen production capacities are between 450 tons ( 13,000 Nm³/h) and 7,000 tons (200,000 Nm³/h). Within the last 20 years Linde has built approx. 100 tonnage air separation plants. Hydrogen and synthesis gas plants Linde as a leading supplier of syngas technology designs, supplies and constructs entire synthesis gas plants for the production of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and mixtures of these gases as well as ammonia and methanol plants. Providing the whole range of processes Linde can select the most appropriate solution for each case from the options: steam reforming, tandem reforming (gas heated reforming), autothermal reforming, partial oxidation and CO 2 reforming. Linde has the design know-how and inhouse experience on processing all hydrocarbon feedstocks from natural gas, LPG, naphtha up to residual oil and heavier feeds. Having available the whole range of processes and being experienced in the design of all feedstocks and capacities, Linde can select the technically and economically most favourable configuration. Air separation plant in Montereau, France

27 Syngas plant with downstream pressure swing adsorption in Oberhausen, Germany Pressure swing adsorption plants Linde is a leading supplier of Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) plants for the recovery of pure hydrogen from various hydrogen-rich streams as well as for the recovery of CO 2 and CH 4 from process gases. Also plants for oxygen and nitrogen generation based on adsorption technology are offered by Linde in a wide range of capacities. Cryogenic plants Cryogenic plants are used for the liquefaction and storage of helium and hydrogen. Manufacturing Linde designs and manufactures core equipment for the processes and plant types covering its own product portfolio. Moreover this equipment is also sold to third party customers, some of them being our competitors within the market for process plants. The scope of supply comprises: - Cold boxes - Tanks for liquefied gases - Coil-wound heat exchangers - Plate-fin heat exchangers - Storage tanks for cryogenic gases - Air-heated vaporizers - Water bath vaporizers - Spiral-welded aluminium pipes Biotechnological plants These plants are for the industrial and the pharmaceutical biotechnology, for chemical synthesis of pharmaceutical substances and for the formulation of pharmaceuticals. Coil-wound heat exchanger in Linde s own fabrication facility

28 Designing Processes - Constructing Plants. Linde s Engineering Division continuously develops extensive process engineering know-how in the planning, project management and construction of turnkey industrial plants. The range of products comprises: Petrochemical plants LNG and natural gas processing plants Synthesis gas plants Hydrogen plants Gas processing plants Adsorption plants Air separation plants Cryogenic plants Biotechnological plants Furnaces for petrochemical plants and refineries Linde and its subsidiaries manufacture: Packaged units, cold boxes Coil-wound heat exchangers Plate-fin heat exchangers Cryogenic standard tanks Air heated vaporizers Spiral-welded aluminium pipes More than 3,800 plants worldwide document the leading position of the Engineering Division in international plant construction. LE/1.3.e/09 Engineering Division Schalchen Plant Tacherting, Germany Phone Fax plantcomponents@linde-le.com Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH Dresden, Germany Phone Fax lkca.dresden@linde-kca.com Selas-Linde GmbH Pullach, Germany Phone Fax selas-linde@linde-le.com Cryostar SAS Hésingue, France Phone Fax info@cryostar.com Linde CryoPlants Ltd. Aldershot, Great Britain Phone Fax info@linde-lcl.com Linde Impianti Italia S.p.A. Rome, Italy Phone Fax r.tikovsky@lindeimpianti.it Linde Kryotechnik AG Pfungen, Switzerland Phone Fax info@linde-kryotechnik.ch Cryo AB Göteborg, Sweden Phone Fax gunnar.lenneras@cryo.aga.com Linde Process Plants, Inc. Tulsa, OK, U.S.A. Phone Fax sales@lppusa.com Selas Fluid Processing Corp. Blue Bell, PA, U.S.A. Phone Fax john.mcdermott@selasfluid.com Linde Engenharia do Brasil Ltda. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Phone Fax jaime.basurto@linde.com Linde Process Plants (Pty.) Ltd. Johannesburg, South Africa Phone Fax lindepp@global.co.za Linde-KCA Russia Branch Moscow, Russia Phone Fax dirk.westphal@linde-kca.com Linde Arabian Contracting Co. Ltd. Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Phone Fax linde-ksa@linde-le.com Linde Engineering Middle East LLC Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Phone Fax linde@emirates.net.ae Linde Engineering India Pvt. Ltd. Vadodara, Gujarat, India Phone Fax sales@linde-le.com Linde Engineerig Far East, Ltd. Seoul, South Korea Phone Fax hanyong.lee@linde.com Linde Engineering Division Bangkok, Thailand Phone Fax anuwat.krongkrachang@linde.com Linde Engineering Co. Ltd. Dalian, P.R. of China Phone Fax jochen.nippel@lindeleh.com Linde Engineering Co. Ltd. Hangzhou, P.R. of China Phone Fax hangzhou.leh@lindeleh.com Linde Engineering Division Beijing Representative Office Beijing, P.R. of China Phone Fax linde@public.bta.net.cn Linde AG Taiwan Branch Engineering Division Taipei, Taiwan Phone Fax bernhard.puerzer@linde-le.com Linde Australia Pty. Ltd. Chatswood N.S.W., Australia Phone Fax willy.dietrich@linde.com.au Engineering Division headquarters: Linde AG Engineering Division, Dr.-Carl-von-Linde-Str. 6-14, Pullach, Germany Phone , Fax , info@linde-le.com,