DAM SAFETY in Vietnam CHALLENGES AND ISSUES

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1 REGIONAL DAM SAFETY AND RESPONSE WORKSHOP Bangkok, Thailand March 2013 DAM SAFETY in Vietnam CHALLENGES AND ISSUES Present by Vietnamese Group Bangkok, 19 March 2013

2 Overview Water resources in Vietnam is abudant: 526 billions m 3 from external territory accounting for 63% 308 billion m 3 from internal territory accounting for 37% 6 % was stored and regulated by reservoirs The challenges: Sustainable water distribution and management Mitigation of natural disasters Effective water use Hydropower development Priority solution: Reservoirs

3 The necessary of dams and reservoirs development in Vietnam investment for water resources is being considered by the Government in recent years multi-purpose reservoirs in combination with hydropower can meet requirement of increased water resources for economic sectors significantly contributes in natural disaster mitigation natural conditions bring up the advantages in building and exploitation of reservoirs

4 The necessary of dams and reservoirs development in Vietnam Vietnam has demand and good condition for construction and exploitation of water resources by reservoirs domestic water supply for urban area for the time being is a critical issue only 60-70% of the population in cities to access clean water with the rate of litter/day/person industry water supply is increasing exploitation of ground water is also limited

5 Number of reservoirs At present there are about 7,000 reservoirs for hydropower and irrigation: Height > 50m: 35 (Hydropower: 32, irrigation: 3) Height from 15m to 50m or volume capacity >= 3 mil.m (hydropower: 54, irrigation: 551) Height < 15m and volume capacity <3 mil.m 3 : about 6,000

6 Dam safety situation Dam is the main headwork of reservoirs. The level of dam safety depends not only on the quality of dam itself, but also on the related works (flood spillways, sewers, secondary dams, and other supporting works for management, such as management roads, stations, and communication equipments etc.). The surveys carried out show the following situations: - low level of reservoir safety s ensure: dimensions of flood spillways are small and insufficient, designed flood becomes unsuitable for the current situation of raining and floods due to climate change and deforestation etc. - Almost of the existing dams are earth and rock-filed dams and built long time ago (some reservoirs are over 70 years). So the quality of dams has then not been ensured, and suffering from serious leakage.

7 Dam safety situation - Related works: intake, flood spillways etc. degraded then not ensuring safety. - Works for management: for almost dams of reservoirs, management roads do not ensure for vehicles and equipment to come when in incident, even some reservoirs have no management roads. Communication, observation equipments are not sufficient. - Organization of dam management?

8 Situation and issues on the regulatory and policy framework of dam safety Law on Water Resources (approved on 20 May 1998, being effective since 1 January 1999) Ordinance on Exploiting and Protecting Irrigation System (approved on 4 April 2001) Decree on dam safety management (2007) Standards

9 Organization of dam safety management Organization system: - Organization system of dam safety management has been classified from central to local level - MARD, MOIT: highest state management agencies on dams - Provincial People Committee (PPC): highest state management agency for dam safety in the provincial area

10 Management force management force consists of engineers, technical and manual workers. This force is inadequate in quantity and low qualification due to lack of training...

11 Enhance capacity training Due to not enough paying attention on enhancing capacity for staffs (including management staffs of all levels and workers involving in dam safety), relevant plans or training programs have not been designed yet to meet the requirements of specific training objectives. The training for dam safety through widely propagating information to the people has not regularly been carried out

12 Finance not sufficiently and timely provided, even its requirements for dam safety have been stipulated in concerned policies, for repairing, operation, maintenance and training activities

13 Main reasons of remaining issues inadequate and infeasible policies to meet practical requirements on dam safety (procedure, regulations, financing ) lacking of management, warning, and forecasting equipment insufficiently awareness on dam safety, mainly concentrating on solving incident cases, paying less attention to management and regular maintenance to ensure the safety and sustainability of dams insufficient knowledge in management and operation on dams due to lacking of training on skills, techniques of dam safety

14 Main reasons of remaining issues Overlap management Irrigation Reservoirs: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development(MARD) Hydropower Reservoirs: Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT) Cascade and inter- reservoir Operation Rules: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) Medium and Small Reservoirs: Local governments

15 Dam failure

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18 Conclusion In spite of these, in coming dedicate, the role of reservoir, dam is still important and positive contribution to economic and socio development of Vietnam

19 money is still BIG challenge and issue

20 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION