ICP Integrated Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Ecosystems - ICP IM

Transcription

1 ICP IM at ICP M and M TF 2013 ICP Integrated Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Ecosystems - ICP IM Activities & Priorities Lars Lundin 2013

2 1. Scope of ICP IM 2. Contribution to CLRTAP 3. Focus on scientific work 4. Annual report Workplan 2013

3 ICP Integrated Monitoring Ecosystem investigation Monitor state and changes with causative explanations Develop and validate models Detect changes by biomonitoring Cause-effect approach Cross-media flux approach

4 Integrated Monitoring Catchment approach Budget calculations Process oriented

5 ICP Integrated monitoring Carried out in reference systems related to Natura 2000 EU priority Important reference to managed systems Separated from on site disturbances Focus on Long-Range Transported Air Pollutants and Climate change Considers Air pollution, Climate and Biodiversity

6 International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN After years of international negotiations, in April 2012 more than 90 governments agreed to officially establish the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). It will be a leading global body providing scientifically sound and relevant information to support more informed decisions on how biodiversity and ecosystem services are conserved and used around the world.

7 ICP Integrated monitoring contributes to CLRTAP - Carry out monitoring to follow the state - Make reality check of critical load/level concepts and develope new dose-response functions - Carry out dynamic modelling to assess impacts of future deposition scenarios - Make scientific assessments and further address the upcoming new requirements - Cooprerations with other ICP:s - Increase outreach to prioritised regions - Link CLRTAP work to other international activities/agreements CBD, IPBES, Natura Comply also with EC requirements

8 Priorities 1.Heavy metals 2.Dynamic modelling 3.Nitrogen critical loads and effects 4.IM biodiversity indicators 5.Budgets and trends in S, N, H and BC 6.Air Pollution and climate change interactions

9 ICP Integrated monitoring science relevance - In-depth understanding of biodiversity and air pollution in the climate change perspective - Critically evaluate used concepts for critical load/levels and continue to develope dose/response relationships - Assess combined impacts of air pollutants and climate change, develop models allowing coupled scenario assessments - Maintainance of key monitoring sites and time series to detect long-term trends - Link to new concepts such as ecosystem services - Make assessments of impacts/recovery in different ecosystem compartments simultaneously; soil and waters

10 ICP Integrated Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Ecosystems IM TF May 2012 Kaunas, Lithuania 22 participants from 10 countries and ICP Waters and ICP Forests Workshop in combination with IUFRO Task Force Meetings: EnvEurope and EU COST FP0903 Excursion with EnvEurope workshop

11 Database update data from countries 15 countries for period sites including one new Russian Polen is showing new intentions to join Ukraine in new contact and new participation

12 The Integrated Monitoring sites TF 11 countries Data 15 countries 5 countries less active 70 sites 44 active

13 ICP Integrated monitoring capacities - Important to work with an ecosystem approach addressing the total natural system - Follow processes and validate these with models - ICP IM covers relevant geographical gradients - The sites are included in scientific work based on research - Collaboration with research and the scientific community - Cooperate with the other ICP:s

14 Ongoing priority work items Biodiversity indicators and issues related to CL and modelling Work on HM baseline, budgets and critical loads Update results on mass balances for sulphur and nitrogen Collaboration between IM, EU projects and LTER Europe Common workplan items related to CLRTAP strategy

15 Update on Heavy metals Concentrations, fluxes and budgets Critical Load input amount Critical limit concentration in soil or water Highlightening work on Hg; no change, still over critical loads New scientific report on heavy metal baseline; Bringmark, L., Lundin, L., Augustaitis, A., Beudert, B., Dieffenbach-Fries, H., Dirnböck, T., Grabner, M-T., Hutchins, M., Kram, P., Lyulko, I., Ruoho-Airola, T. & Vana, M Trace Metal Budgets for Forested Catchments in Europe Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu and Zn. WASP 224.

16 Mercury balances for the four Swedish catchments SE 04, SE 14, SE 15 and SE 16 showing throughfall, TF, litterfall, LF and runoff, RW.

17 Concentration in humus layers (µg.g- 1 ) Metal content in the humus layer during in the IM site SE14 Pb , Cd- and Hg- concentration in humus at Aneboda 1,40 1,20 1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0, Years

18 Biodiversity Assessment NFPs of Austria and Sweden IM Program Center Towards effect related biodiversity indicators using ICP IM data More detailed vegetation reporting now being species specific

19 coefficient of time trend coefficient of time trend coefficient of time trend coefficient of time trend Significant time trends of forest floor species and Ellenberg indicator values N (nutrient availability), R (soil ph), L (light availability), F (moisture) Nutrients Acidity Ellenberg N Ellenberg R Light Moisture Ellenberg L Ellenberg F

20 Concluding remarks on biodiversity studies Oligotrophic species decreased the more the measured N deposition exceeded the empirical critical load (CL) for eutrophication. Such species are on the downgrade in European forest ecosystems Dirnböck, T. Grandin, U., Bernhard-Römermann, M., Beudert, B., Canullo, R. Forsius, M., Grabner, M-T., Holmberg, M. Kleemola, S.. Lundin, L., Neumann, M., Pompei, E., Starlinger, F., Staszewski, T. Forest floor vegetation response to nitrogen deposition in Europe. Global Change Biology. (submitted manuscript).

21 Changes in catchment retention S and N budgets and retention for ICP IM site CZ01 (Vuorenmaa et al 2012) Vuorenmaa, J., Kleemola, S., Forsius, M. Lundin, L., Augustaitis, A., Beudert, B., de Wit, H., Frey, J. Indriksone, I. Tait, D., Krám, P and Váňa, M. Sulphur and nitrogen input-output budgets at ICP Integrated Monitoring sites in Europe. In: Kleemola, S., Forsius, M. (eds.) (2012). 21th annual report 2012: UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution: International Cooperative Programme on Integrated Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Ecosystems. Helsinki, Finnish Environment Institute. The Finnish Environment 28/2012, pp

22 Recent scientific achievements of ICP IM Applicability of critical load estimates for natural ecosystems show exceedances of critical loads of nutrient nitrogen means high nitrogen leaching Holmberg, M., Vuorenmaa, J., Posch, M., Forsius, M., Lundin, L., Kleemola, S., Augustaitis, A., Beudert, B., de Wit, H.A., Dirnböck, T., Evans, C.D., Frey. J., Grandin, U., Indriksone. I., Krám, P., Pompei, E., Schulte-Bisping, H., Srybnyn, A. and Vána, M. (2013). Relationship between critical load exceedances and empirical impact indicators at Integrated Monitoring sites across Europe. Ecological Indicators: 24:

23 C/N High N deposition means accumulation in the ecosystem and lower CN-ratios that in turn result in increased N-leaching at C/N below 23 Soil C/N versus Cum Dep N kg/ha, yr

24 N-out (kg N/ha/yr) ICP IM in research collaboration A previous evaluation using a European dataset including ICP IM sites indicated that N deposition clearly increases N leaching after the C:N threshold value in soil of 23 is exceeded IFEF sites (Gundersen with C:N<23 et al. 2006) Nout = 0.67(Nin) R 2 = 0.73, N=39, p< N-in (kg N/ha/yr) Gundersen, P., Berg, B., Currie, W.S., Dise, N.B., Emmett, B.A., Gauci, V., Holmberg, M., Kjønaas, O.J., Mol- Dijkstra, J., van der Salm, C., Schmidt, I.K., Tietema, A., Wessel, W.W:, Vestgardem, L.S., Akselsson, C., Van der Vries, W., Forsius, M., Kros, H., Matzner, E., Moldan, F., Nadelhoffer, K.J., Nilsson, L.-O., Reinds, G.J., Rosengren, U., Stuanes, A.O., Wright, R.F. (2006). Carbon-nitrogen interactions in forest ecosystems : final report. Hørsholm, Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning. 61 p. ISBN

25 Protection from eutrophication for 83 vegetation plots within 37 ICP IM sites. Number of vegetation plots protected (upper segment) and not protected (lower segment) for different deposition scenarios Vegetation plots protected from eutrophication (CL emp N) NAT2000 COB2020 Low*2020 MID2020 High*2020 MFR Number of plots not protected Number of plots protected Holmberg, M., Posch, M., Kleemola, S., Vuorenmaa, J. and Forsius, M Calculation of site-specific critical loads for acidification and eutrophication for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. ICP IM 19th Annual Report. The Finnish Environment 15,

26 Changes to deliver required science in the future intense collaboration between ICP:s - Increase the monitoring regions - Increase policy oriented assessments and further EC collaboration projects; ICP IM relates to ALTER-Net II LTER Europe LIFE Watch EnvEurope EU Cost action FP0903 EU projects SoilTrEC, Expeer

27 Planned work and reports 2013 ICP IM 22th Annual Report 2013 Report on update for S, N and BC balances Report on biodiversity VSD modelling Interim report on links between biodiversity indices and CL exceedances Report on HM baseline approaches 21 st ICP IM Task Force

28 ICP Integrated Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Ecosystems Next ICP IM TF Moscow, Russia; May 2013 Welcome!

29 ICP Integrated Monitoring TF 2012 Enrico Pompei Publication on Swedish IM showing scientific use of IM data Thank You for Your Attention

30 Participation in the ALTER-Net and EC conference, Ghent, Belgium Enrico Pompei Thank You for Your Attention