STATUS OF HYDROPOWER AND ROLE OF GROUNDWATER IN HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN NEPAL

Transcription

1 STATUS OF HYDROPOWER AND ROLE OF GROUNDWATER IN HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN NEPAL Sakriya Neupane OUTLINE Present Electricity Status of Nepal Hydropower Potential Comparison with Neighbouring Countries Electricity Demand vs Supply Electricity Demand Forecast Dry and Wet months A case of Jumdi HPP Problems and challenges Possible Solutions 1

2 PRESENT STATUS Installed Capacity: 838 MW (Connected to Grid) Hydropower: MW Run-Off-River (ROR): MW Storage: 92 MW Thermal: MW Isolated Plants: around 30 MW (Not Connected to grid) (Solar, Biogas, Micro-hydro) (Source: Department of Electricity Development, Nov 2016) HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL Source: Dr. H.M. Shrestha,

3 COMPARISON Electricity Consumption KWH per Capita Energy Consumption per Capita is one of the indicators of development. ELECTRICIT Y DEMAND VS SUPPLY 3

4 ELECTRICIT Y DEMAND FORECAST MW demand for Cooking Government has issued over 3323MW of construction licenses. Further, 5680 MW applications for construction license are under review. ENERGY VARIATION IN ROR PROJECTS High Installed Capacity (MW) doesn t mean we ll have high energy during dry season. 4

5 POINTS TO BE NOTED During wet season, the runoff is mainly contributed by overland flow. During dry season(mid December - mid April), the flow is mainly because of groundwater flow and melting of snow. Rate of Energy (KWh) during the four dry months (Rs 8.4/KWh) is almost twice as the rate during wet months (Rs 4.8/KWh). Atleast 16%of total energy must be obtained in dry season for power purchase agreement. Correct assessment of groundwater flow is very important for the financial feasibility of a project. CURIOUS CASE OF JUMDI HPP Location: Gulmi district, Western Region. Fig: Project Area and Catchment 5

6 CURIOUS CASE OF JUMDI HPP Jumdi Hydropower Project (1.75MW) Catchment Area: 8.22 km2 Mean Annual Precipitation: ~2000 mm 16 springs provide high flow even on dry season. Discharge m3/s Months Flow at Jumdi River Expected Flow (WECS method) COMMENTS Hydropower engineers are interested in amount of Discharge rather than the mechanism of ground water flow. (P=hxgxQxH) We fully depend on Ground water for energy during dry season. (What happens in case of a drought year???) Accurate assessment of dry season flow reduces risk and uncertainty. 6

7 PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES Very few flow gauging stations. Lack of long term data. Even if we have long term data, they tend to be unreliable and inconsistent. High uncertainty in dry season flow variation. No knowledge on effect fect of Global Warming on local hydrology. Treatment of groundwater and surface water as two different resource by the government. Effect of Mega-Ear thquake on hydro-geology!? Too many government bodies to regulate use of water resource? (MoIr- DoIr, DoWIDM, GWDB; MoWSS- DoWSS; MoEn- DoED; DHM; DoIn; DoAg; WECS; NEA; District WR Committees; Companies set up by Gov to study and distribute water) Frequent dispute between users for same water source, especially during dr y season. POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS Proper maintainance and updating of flow gauging stations. Increase the numbers of flow gauging stations. Research on hydro-geology and ground water. Development of Ground Water models that can help simulate the effects of Climate Change. Formation of water resources development ministry which combines water related ministries (MoWSS, MoI, MoEn). Groundwater Resources Water Development Use Priority Board expanding its scope. (Water Resources Act): Knowledge transfer between 1. Drinkinggovernment bodies. 2. Irrigation 3. Agriculture 4. Hydroelectricity 5. Industries 6. Navigation 7. Recreation 7

8 CONCLUSION We need to better understand Groundwater flow if we continue to depend on Hydropowers for Energy. Special Thanks To Dr. M. Hayashi Dr. D. Rosenberry Small Earth Nepal IOE 8