Tamás HÁMOR, Sándor JÁSZAI, Ferenc TAMAGA. Hungarian Office for Mining and Geology (MBFH) 3/23/2012 Stephan Gruijters, coordinator Euro Geo Source

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1 3/23/2012 Stephan Gruijters, coordinator Euro Geo Source Reserve assessment, good regulation, and financial governance of prospective georesources (UCG, CBM, shale gas, geothermal, geospace), examples from Hungary Tamás HÁMOR, Sándor JÁSZAI, Ferenc TAMAGA Hungarian Office for Mining and Geology (MBFH) Rotterdam, 8th March 2012

2 Content relevant EU legislation extractive industry in Hungary UCG, CBM, CMM shale gas, EOR, EGR geothermal, HDR (EGS) geospace utilization conclusions

3 UN CSD19 (2011) MINING CHAPTER 56. Promote added value at various stages of the mineral supply chains, including through beneficiation strategies (c) Promote competitiveness and investment through modernization of transparent and distinct administrative processes for licensing and permitting of mineral exploration and development, provision of public geological and mineral information, infrastructure development, reliability of financing mechanisms for the sector, and strengthened technical support and training for relevant public sector bodies, institutions and personnel. (d) Strengthen the legal and fiscal frameworks applicable to mining activities.

4 COMMUNITY LAW Fejezet cím Szöveg/ábra

5 MINING IN THE ACQUIS The Treaties Exploration licensing, minerals trading, stocks, development Mining safety, workers health Chemicals (REACH) M I N I N G Judgements of European Court International agreements Machinery Nature conservation Industrial risk Energy Constructions Climate change IPPC INSPIRE Environmental protection

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10 EUROPEAN WASTE CATALOGUE Fejezet cím Szöveg/ábra

11 Regulation 1099/2008 on energy statistics

12 Directive 2006/32/EC on energy efficiency

13 COMMUNITY LAW

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15 HUNGARY

16 UCG, CBM, CMM

17 UCG, CBM, CMM Specific issues: Solid coal or fluid hydrocarbon (syngas)? Mining or petroleum act and permitting path? Mineral assessment/inventory in t or m 3 or kj? Royalty payment after t or m 3 or kj (or company turnover, or none)? Financial security, environmental liability (land subsidence, man-induced earthquake, groundwater and air pollution, sterilization of neighbouring seams, water needs, heatflux) Social credit

18 SHALE GAS Holdich 2006, MIT Szöveg/ábra

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20 SHALE GAS IN HUNGARY 1998: Gustavson (Makó trough) 2001: TXM Ltd. (Falcon) (Makó+extension with Tisza area ) 2006: geological report, resource assessment 2007: mining plot : 7 wells (incl. Makó 7: 6085 m), extreme chemistry (H 2 S), overpressure (1260 bar), temperature (263 o C) : more basins (Békés, Kiskunhalas), more companies (MOL, EXXON, RAG, Horizon), shallower target formations : activities slowed down, technology upgrade needed

21 3/23/2012 Stephan Gruijters, coordinator Euro Geo Source

22 3/23/2012 Stephan Gruijters, coordinator Euro Geo Source SHALE GAS Specific issues: resource assessment requires stochastic methodology, to be accepted by competent authorities and shareholders permitting may involve great acreages, and exclusive long-term rights financial security, environmental liability (maninduced earthquake, groundwater pollution, huge water quantities needed) social credit is needed financial incentives might help (e.g. royalty waiver)

23 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY DIRECTIVE 2009/28/EC ON THE PROMOTION OF THE USE OF ENERGY FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES AND AMENDING AND SUBSEQUENTLY REPEALING DIRECTIVES 2001/77/EC AND 2003/30/EC "geothermal energy : energy stored in the form of heat beneath the surface of solid earth REGULATING HEAT PUMPS IN GERMAN STATES: client-friendly permitting, ensuring neighbours rights

24 Fejezet cím Szöveg/ábra REGULATION IN FRANCE: distinctive permitting, protective geothermal pillars

25 high enthalpy (el. power) high temperature basins (el.power, district heating) medium temperature basins (district heating) everywhere: EGS, shallow geothermal GEOTHERMAL ENERGY, HUNGARY

26 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: the inventory dilemma static reserves of stratigraphic units (EJ=10 18 J)

27 Specific issues: GEOTHERMAL ENERGY geothermal energy is (the only) renewable geological resource sustainable utilization requires professional (mining, geological and/or water) authority supervision ownership is not clearly defined (in most EU MS) better national legislation might be needed, e.g. on resource assessment, balance-like annual inventory almost impossible financial incentives are diverse (feed-in tariffs, support schemes, soft loans), heat-pumps may not need it anymore

28 GEOSPACE

29 GEOSPACE UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE

30 GEOSPACE HDR (EGS)

31 GEOSPACE Specific issues: Geospace is a georesource (FOREGS, 1998), and its utilization requires authority (state) supervision, because it is non-renewable natural resource with state ownership (in most EU MS), therefore explicit national (Civil Code?) legislation needed, incl. limiting of surface landowner rights with depth.

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33 CONCLUSIONS and a few questions no EU law on minerals management (nor resource/commodity assessment/classification) diverse and immature national legislation on permitting novel (prospective, alternative) georesources more difficulties in resource assessment and inventory of these flowtype resources (as compared to traditional stock-type ones) national financial instruments are even more diverse (e.g. royalty, trade-in tariff, tax, licensing fee, fine, etc.) shall MS sovereignity and subsidiarity rule this domain in EU in future? is there need for legal, quasi-legal Community actions and R&D&I activities?

34 3/23/2012 Stephan Gruijters, coordinator Euro Geo Source Contact Thank you for your attention!