EFFECT OF COWDUNG BLENDED WITH FOOD WASTES, FRESH ORGANIC WASTES AND DRY ORGANIC WASTES ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 3, March 2018, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_09_03_076 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed EFFECT OF COWDUNG BLENDED WITH FOOD WASTES, FRESH ORGANIC WASTES AND DRY ORGANIC WASTES ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION V.Venugopalan Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India N.Balasundaram HOD/Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India ABSTRACT Increasing growth of population in the world needs higher quantity of fuel for various purpose to address the increasing energy demand. This increasing usage of fossil fuels reduces its availability in future. Alternate solution is only utilization of natural renewable energy from wind, solar, water power, biogas and etc. This study deals with comparison of production potential of biogas from co-digestion of cowdung with kitchen wastes and organic wastes under sunlight using small scale anaerobic digesters. A detailed study is conducted and its results are discussed. Keywords: anaerobic digestion, biogas, co- digestion, cowdung, food waste, Fresh organic waste, dry organic waste. Cite this Article: V.Venugopalan and N.Balasundaram, Effect of Cowdung Blended with Food Wastes, Fresh s and Dry s on Biogas Production, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(3), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION The Biogas is a renewable energy generated from decomposition of wastes under anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion is one of the ecofriendly methods to dispose degradable wastes. At present the waste generation is randomly increasing with high rate of population growth. Handling and disposal of these wastes are serious problems in many countries. A proper treatment and disposal methods are necessary to save our natural resources as well as the earth, otherwise it creates environmental related problems(pollution). Presently the earth s atmosphere is highly affected by different pollutants. All the activities of human beings are major sources for pollution editor@iaeme.com

2 V.Venugopalan and N.Balasundaram The biogas generation provides good renewable energy and alternate for LPG, efficient way of energy conversion, nil odour at the time of decomposition, enriched organic manure for plants, zero discharge of degradable wastes and etc. Hence biogas is one of the way to keep our world environmental friendly. Biogas is a colorless, smoke less, flammable gas produced through anaerobic digestion decomposable wastes and it contains mainly methane as 50-70%, carbon dioxide as 20-40% and traces of other gases such as nitrogen, hydrogen, ammonia, water vapour, hydrogen sulphide etc. Biogas is about 20 percent lighter than air and has an ignition temperature in the range of 650 o C to 750 o C. The co-digestion is the anaerobic treatment of a mixture at least two different substrates with the aim of improving the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion process. Anaerobic codigestion is reported to offer several benefits over digestion of separate materials, such as increased cost efficiency, increased biodegradation of the treated materials, as well as increased biogas production. The aim of this study is to know about the potential of biogas production from co-digestion of cow dung with food waste and organic wastes. From previous studies food waste produced 0.035m 3 /kg [1], kitchen waste blended with cow dung produced 0.83m 3 /kg[3], 2. EXPERIMENT The three sets of transparent plastic container having 2 liters capacity are used as digester for codigestion of cow dung with wet organic waste, cow dung with dry organic wastes and cow dung with food waste. A 1:1 ratio of cow dung with food waste, organic dry waste and fresh organic wastes are taken in the different digesters. The volume of wastes used in each containers for this study are 1.5 liters. ie, 750ml of cowdung with 750ml of food waste in one digester, 750ml of cow dung with 750ml of dry organic waste in second digestr and in the third digester 750ml of cow dung with 750ml of fresh organic wastes are added. Four trials were conducted for comparison of results. Cow dung taken for this study was collected from the outlet of an existing biogas plant. Second day onwards gas was generated. Gas generation details are observed for comparision. Food waste and organic wastes are crushed before adding with cow dung. This total setup was placed out door condition under sunlight. The gas generation datas are observed and tabulated for comparison. Figure editor@iaeme.com

3 Gas generated ( Cum) Biogas Produced (in Gum) Effect of Cowdung Blended with Food Wastes, Fresh s and Dry s on Biogas Production Table 1 Generation of Biogas Sl.No Type of Waste Used Cow dung + Food Waste Cow dung + Dry Cow Dung + Fresh Volume of Waste Used (in Cum) Volume of Gas Generated (in Cum) Trial 1 Trial-2 Trial 3 Trial-4 Average Trials Cow dung + Food Waste Cow dung + Dry Cow Dung + Fresh Figure 2 Gas production during all trials 3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION From this experimental study the following results were obtained. Co digestion of 50% of dry organic waste with 50% of Cow dung produces 0.05m 3 of biogas, 50% of cow dung and 50% of food waste produces 0.08m 3 of biogas, and cowdung of 50% with 50% of Wet organic waste produces the volume of 0.07m 3 of biogas.co- digestion of cow dung + food waste provides a higher volume of biogas. dung + Food Waste, 0.08 Volume of Gas Produced dung + Dry, 0.05 Dung + Fresh, editor@iaeme.com

4 V.Venugopalan and N.Balasundaram 4. CONCLUSION From our results we conclude that the biogas generation from codigestion of cow dung with food waste produces larger volume of gas. A suitable type and size of biogas plants are installed at various places like educational institutions, residential areas, malls and hotels, and wastes are segregated at source. This will be reducing the load on common waste treatment plant (dumping yard) and creates pollution free environment. The maximum renewable gas energy is extracted from wastes and at the same time problem of disposal of solid waste will be considerably reduced and hence pollution can be controlled. REFERENCES [1] Mohammed Gedefaw, Biogas production from cow dung and food waste, Global journal of Pollution and Hazardous Waste Management, Vol. 3 (1), pp, , August,2015. [2] Hemali A Adhvaryu, Kamal D. Rana, Y.C.Rotaliwala, The Study of Cow dung as cosubstrate with kitchen waste in biogas production, IJARESM. [3] Naveen kumar, Sudhakaran S, Ramkumar K, Investigation of Biogas Production from Cow dung and Household food wastes through Anaerobic digestion, IJEDR, Vol 4, Issue 1, [4] N.Y. Godi, L.B.Zhengwuvi, Salihu Adulkadir and P.Kamtu, Effect of Cow dung variety on biogas production, JMER, Vol. 5(1), pp, 1-4, January [5] Baba Shehu Umar IbnAbubakar and Nasir Ismail, Anaerobic Digestion of Cow dung for Biogas Production, APN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, No.2, February [6] K.M.Kangle, Kore.S.V.,Kore.V.S. andkulkarni G.S., Recent Trends in Anaerobic Codigestion: A Review, UJERT, Volume- 2, Issue 4: [7] ZainabZiad Ismail and Ali RaadTalib, Assessment of anaerobic co digestion of agro wastes for Biogas recovery: A bench scale application to date palm wastes, IJEE, Vol. 5, Issue 5, 2014 pp [8] Ireene I Maile and Edison Muzenda, Production of Biogas from Various Substrates under Anaerobic Conditions,ICIET 2014 Bangkok(Thailand) [9] K.K.Dineshkumar and S.Rajkumar, Review on Biogas Production from Codigestion of Cow dung and Food waste with Water Hyacinth, IJRST, 2016, Vol. No. 6, Issue No. 1, Jan-Mar [10] HoaHuu Nguyen, Sonia Heaven and Charles Banks, Energy Potential from the anaerobic digestion of food waste in municipal solid waste stream of urban areas in Vietnam, Int J Energy Eng (2004) 5: [11] Dahunsi S D, Owolabni J B and Oranusi S, Biogas generation from Watermelon peels, Pineapple peels and Food wastes, CU-ICADI 2015: Bio technology and Bioinformatics track [12] Wante H.P., Wante S.P. and Galadima A.I., Determination of Biogas Yield from Co digestion of cow and goat dung, Annals of Biological Research, 2014,5(9):59-65 [13] Stanley, H.O., Okerentugba,P.O. &Ogbonna,C.B., AComparative assessment of Biogas production from codigestion of cow dung and selected wastes, I.J.A.B.R, VOL. 4(4) 2014: [14] LertluckSaitawee, KanokornHussaro, Biogas production from Anaerobic co digestion of cow dung and organic wastes in Thailand: Temperature effect on Biogas Product, American Journal of Environmental Science 10(2): ,2014. [15] Ravi P Agrahari and G N Tiwari, Comparative study of Biogas Production: Utilisation of, IJER Volume 3 Issue 1, February editor@iaeme.com

5 Effect of Cowdung Blended with Food Wastes, Fresh s and Dry s on Biogas Production [16] Ravindra Randa and Aseem C. Tiwari. Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emission Parameters of CI Engine Using Karanja Oil Methyl Ester (KOME) and Biogas in Dual Fuel Mode. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp [17] R. Suresh and S. Vivekanandan. Investigation on Edible De-Oiled and Non Edible De- Oiled Cakes in Anaerobic Co-Digestion for Biogas Production. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp [18] Jishu chandran, D. Yogaraj, K. Manikandan and P. Jeyaraman, Optimization of Bio Gas Recirculation Velocity in Biogas Mixing Anaerobic Digester with the Feed of 8% Tds using Cfd, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology 8(8), 2017,pp [19] Ravindra Randa and Aseem C. Tiwari, Experimental Investigation on Utilization of Raw Biogas as a Fuel for Stationary Compressed Ignition Engine, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology 8(12), 2017, pp [20] Magbul Hussain, Dr.B. Sudheer prem kumar and Dr.K.Vijaya Kumar Reddy, Biogas Diesel Dual Fuel Engine Exhaust Gas Emissions Shaik, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), Volume 4, Issue 3, April 2013, pp [21] A. Unni Krishnan and Dr. G.M. Joselin Herbert, Biogas Yield Potential Research of the Wastes from Banana by Anaerobic Digestion, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2017, pp editor@iaeme.com