Addressing Opportunities and Challenges for Energy Development in Western Basins of the U.S. using a Hybrid Energy Systems Approach

Transcription

1 Addressing Opportunities and Challenges for Energy Development in Western Basins of the U.S. using a Hybrid Energy Systems Approach Tom Wood*, Robert Breckenridge*, Joseph Smith*,Travis McLing*, Kevin Shurtleff** and Ronald Pugmire*** Idaho National Laboratory* Energy Dynamics Laboratory, Utah State University** University of Utah***

2 Outline What is a Hybrid Energy System (HES) advantages? INL is exploring new applications of nuclear power Example of a Hybrid Energy Approach Under the umbrella of the Eastern Utah Strategic Energy Partnership three institutions have begun to explore potential HES approaches for the Uinta Basin Oil shale developments must consider subsurface/ environmental processes in the HES approach Several example scenarios Uintah Example Summary 2

3 What are Hybrid Energy Systems? Smart systems that integrate carbon feedstocks and noncarbon based energy Nuclear energy Fossil fuels Renewables Make energy products more efficiently and effectively Baseload leveling Combined heat and power Balance and mitigate economic and environmental impacts 3

4 Benefits of Hybrid Energy Systems Reduce greenhouse gas emissions Increase the energy return on investment (EROI) Optimize use of carbon/noncarbon energy resources Greater system stability while integrating intermittent sources Use can efficiently manage energy production at the basin scale and extend the longevity of resources and jobs Minimize the environmental footprint of energy developments 4

5 Classic Example: Nuclear Hybrid Synthetic Fuels Hybrid systems use 70% less coal Little carbon is converted to CO 2 5

6 Why the Interest in a Hybrid Energy Approach? The Western Energy Corridor is USA s best hope for addressing energy security issues World Class - Oil shale, Coal, Oil Sands, more. We must develop new and innovative approaches that: Reduce costs Maximize the energy return on investment Reduce the environmental footprint Create long-term value added jobs for the region 6

7 Where Does Oil Shale Fit in an HES? Oil Shale Impacts to the air, water, environment and CO 2 production present formidable obstacles Designs that reduce the environmental footprint are greatly desirable Mining oil shale is up to 30 to 50% of the total energy consumption In-Situ heating accounts for more than half the energy consumption Ex-situ processes have many commonalities with other industrial processes that can benefit from hybrid approaches Feedstock extraction & processing Energy storage Energy transfer Byproduct management Systems analyses, integration, monitoring and control The benefits to in-situ processes are less well known, but due to the large energy demands, hybrid approaches may be appropriate Coupling surface subsurface processes in a hybrid process offers several advantages. 7

8 Subsurface Example 1 Reactor Geothermal Hybrid System (MIT Feasibility Assessment) Geothermal Plant Nuclear Plant Thermal Input to Rock Hundreds of Meters Cap Rock Permeable Rock Heat Storage Thermal Output From Rock Oil Shale Hundreds of Meters After Charles Forsberg (2010) 8

9 Subsurface Example 2: Wind - Oil Shale Hybrid the PyroPhase Concept Using wind on massive scales presents problems: Wind blows 1/3 of time Need to store the energy at massive scales to utilize it as required A possible solution is to use the subsurface oil resource as giant battery Convert wind energy to RF heat, store heat in resource Use heat to free up usable fuels Produce wind-based clean fuels After Hassanzadeh and Pappas, 2009 PyroPhase

10 Subsurface Example 3 High Temperature Gas Reactor In-Situ Oil Shale Hybrid INL Analyzed* 3 cases (50,000 bbl/day) Base case - natural gas heat Modular reactor - helium gas heat Modular reactor - steam heat Found both HTGR cases had 2x the natural gas for sale of base case HTGR-Steam case PRODUCES as much electricity as base case CONSUMES. The HTGR-Helium case uses 5x the electricity of base case CO 2 emissions for both HTGR cases 8x less than base case *Robertson, 2010 (in review)

11 EUSEP Model Brings Together Regional Strengths Idaho National Laboratory U.S. Nuclear Lab with Multipurpose Programs Develop world-class nuclear energy capability Become a leading clean energy RD&D laboratory and a regional resource Utah State University Energy Dynamics Laboratory Prototyping, demonstration, deployment and commercialization of innovative technologies for renewable and advanced energy systems Help solve national and international environmental issues. Innovative, high value solutions and services that can rapidly be commercialized University of Utah Engineering & Institute for Clean and Secure Energy Education for positions and professions in academia, industry and government; Improve the productivity, health, safety and enjoyment of human life through leadingedge research; and Transfer technologies developed in College of Engineering to the private sector.

12 HES approaches for the Uinta Basin 1. Black Wax oil production plus natural gas power generation for pumping (reduced air emissions from diesel pumps) to produce hydrogen by electrolysis for hydrocracking/upgrading plus syn gas production. 2. Natural gas or coal power generation plus produced water evaporation plus pumped hydro storage for peak load balancing. 3. Natural gas or coal fired power generation plus beneficial reuse of CO 2 using algae. 4. Natural gas combustion plus beneficial reuse of flue gas using algae for in-situ heating of coal or oil shale to produce synthetic natural and/or shale oil. 5. Natural gas or coal fired power generation plus in-situ RF or microwave heating of coal or oil shale to produce synthetic natural gas and/or shale oil.

13 Uintah Hybrid Conceptual Model Water Supply & Treatment (e.g., cooling tower blowdown) RO/IX Clean Water Operations Consumption Wind or Solar Power Battery Storage Base Electrical Power Use (100 MWe; 130 MWe Peak) SMR/Steam Power Generation Oxygen/Hydrogen Production (HTE) HC Feed Biomass/Coal Gasifier (75 TPD) or Natural Gas Reformer (2.8 MMSCFD NG) ~400 MWt HTGR O 2 H 2 Syngas (CO + H 2 ) Methanol/DME Desired Fuel Hydrogen-Fuel Cell Vehicles Compact Catalytic Reactors 10,000 gal/day JP-8 7,500 gal/day LPG and other Fuel Tanks

14 Example of Nuclear Hybrid Process Nuclear energy high temperature heat Steam turbine generators MeOH storage electricity Load-following intermediate power fuel carbon Steam methane reforming syngas Methanol synthesis Dimethyl ether or gasoline synthesis Natural gas Synfuel Cherry, R. Hybrid Energy Systems for Energy Security, Edison Electric Institute Transmission, Distribution and Metering Conference, Denver, Colorado, October 6 (2010).

15 Improved financial returns Non-hybrid system Hybrid system Power plant 5.3% 6.5% Methanol plant 7.9% 9.3% Total system 6.5% 7.8% Returns are based on representative numbers but not any specific case

16 Improved Environmental Performance (tonnes/hour) Hybrid nuclearmethanol system Separate nuclearmethanol system Coal-fired power and NG methanol Natural gas use Coal use CO 2 production Most natural gas is used as carbon source not simply for chemical energy

17 Conclusions Integration of subsurface/environmental processes under the HES umbrella enhances Energy return on investment Creates greater energy efficiencies, Reduces impacts to environment and Reduces CO2 footprint Conceptual Uintah Hybrid System combines fossil with renewable energy sources to generate electricity and liquid transportation fuels Advanced Hybrid Energy Systems provides better financial performance when compared to traditional system Advanced Hybrid Energy System reduces environmental impact when compared to traditional system