Energy Systems. a balance act. Optensys ENERGIANALYS. Dag Henning. Linköping Sweden.

Transcription

1 Energy Systems a balance act Linköping Sweden dag.henning@optensys.se

2 Outline District heating resources Swedish district heating Changing heat demand District-heating development Benefits of district heating

3 offers energy consultancy services, primarily: Analyses of electricity and district-heating supply Surveys of energy demand and resources Municipal energy issues Sustainable energy scenarios Energy supply analyses interplay between energy supply and energy conservation Energy demand Energy conservation

4 Energy supply and use in Europe Losses by energy conversion, mainly electricity generation Heat demand ECOHEATCOOL

5 District heating sources Heat market Biomass fuels District heating network Energy from waste Electricity Solar, geothermal Combined Heat and Power CHP Industrial Surplus Heat Surplus heat from automotive biofuel production Heat pumps Fossil fuels for peak load 5

6 District Heating in Sweden 9 million inhabitants 50 TWh district heating 50 % of total heat market 650 urban areas have district heating District heating in every municipality with more than inhabitants

7 District heating supply Common plant types and energy flows for a local Swedish utility Gas Waste CHP Combined heat and power production CHP Electricity grid Heat pump DH network Electricity market Heat demand Wood Oil Heat-only boilers Industrial waste heat DH system in Göteborg (Gothenburg)

8 Condensing power plants and Combined Heat and Power plants Losses Utilised heat Electricity 10 0 Fuel Coal Condensing power plant CHP plant

9 Fuels etc. for District Heating in Sweden and CO 2 emissions TWh Fossil CO 2 CO 2 (kg/mwh) Wood Others Surplus heat Waste Peat Heat pumps El.boilers Coal Natural gas Oil

10 District heating production GWh Oil Oljepannor Biobränslepannor Biomass Värmepumpar Heat pumps Fossil CHP Fossil kraftvärme Biobränslekraftvärme Bio CHP Waste / surplus Spillvärme heat MonthMånad A Swedish example

11 Marginal cost for district heating production 400 SEK/MWh Month example

12 Cash flow for new DH system Year Investment Operation Revenue Accumulated net cash flow 12th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling, Tallinn, Estonia, 7 Sept 2010

13 The district heating value chain District heating company

14 Low-energy houses Thick insulation Windows of high standard Ventilation with heat recovery Solar heating Higher investment cost Lower operation cost Lower energy use

15 GWh Space heating Uppvärmning Tappvarmvatten m m Hot tap water etc År Climate change

16 1 S ha 1 kwh/m 2 of land and year S ha 5 S ha 2 S before ha 13 I before ha 6 V ha K ö p m a n h o lm e n 3 M ha 12 S ha Heat load density 1-19 District number S Single-family houses M Multi-family houses I Industry V Service 1950 etc Average erection year 12 ha etc Size in hectares 16 M ha Köpmanholmen 8 S before ha 14 S before ha 15 S before ha 17 S ha 9 S ha 10 S ha 7 M ha 18 S ha 11 S before ha Indelning grundad på workshop , byggnadernas nybyggnadsår, användning 19 I ha Köpmanholmen Ulf Ranhagen

17 Enable DH use in areas with low heat demand Use district heating for new purposes -Dish washers - Washing machines - Tumble dryers - Industry - Cooling Solar electricity rather than solar heat Fair competition with individual gas and electricity use: regulations, prices, etc

18 Switching from electric heating to district heating from a CHP plant Other electricity production CHP plant reduces electricity demand increases electricity production Electricity demand District heating network Switching

19 Cooling with heat Heat supply e.g. waste incineration District heating network optional Absorption Cooling machine District cooling network optional Cooling demand Reduces electricity consumption Increases heat demand during summer and electricity generation in CHP plants

20 Possible future production of district heating, electricity, steam, cooling and biofuel Biomass CHP plant Steam Electricity Industry Bio fuel Waste Boiler District heating Households Industry Waste heat Absorption cooling Cooling Pre- mises

21 Estimated local renewable fuel resources GWh/year Forest branches etc. Straw Waste Niš city region in Serbia Rest of Nišavski district Now Now GWh = gigawatthour = 1 million kilowatthours (kwh) Utilise present coppice and devastated forest areas etc Waste quantities increase to Czech level

22 Possible development of district-heating production in Niš, Serbia GWh/year 600 Heat Heat Electricity 2010 y y y Case Reference Small bio Large bio Waste CHP 2 CHP El from biomass El from waste Heat from waste Heat from biomass CHP Heat from biomass boiler Heat from gas boilers El = electricity Bio = biomass fuel GWh = gigawatthour = 1 million kilowatthours (kwh) CHP = Combined heat and power (plant or production)

23 Benefits of renewable CHP Low fuel demand in CHP plants due to high efficiency Wood fuel use initiates local biomass industry and promotes local business Using waste fuel reduces landfilling of waste Utilisation of local renewable energy resources means higher security of energy supply and reduces CO 2 emissions

24 Influencing energy demand Energy conservation reduces energy demand Load management reduces capacity demand Energy carrier switching e g from electricity to fuel or district heating

25 70 Heat demand MW Production of district heating, electricity, steam and cooling Cold winter days Oil-fired boilers Wood-fired Heat-only boiler Wood-fired Combined Heat and Power plant Steam supply to industry Absorption cooling 0 Waste incineration / surplus heat from industries for hot tap water and industries h winter vinter spring vår och & höst autumn sommar summer

26 District heating systems are valuable assets, which enable efficient resource utilisation. mobile